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	Dark fiber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In common vernacular, dark fiber may sometimes still be called "dark" if it's been lit by a fiber lessee and not the cable's owner.
		Dark fiber became more available when there was enormous overcapacity after the boom years of the late 1990's through 2001.
		Dark fiber has been, and still is, available for sale on the wholesale market for both metro and wide area links.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dark_fiber (929 words)

	What is Dark Fiber?
		Dark fiber is a term used to describe fiber optic cable that is not being used at the time.
		Dark fiber is contrasted with active fiber optic cable, often referred to as lit cable.
		However dark fiber is used in the future, it is undeniable that the staggering amounts of unused dark fiber provide a number of exciting possibilities in terms of dedicated network capability.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-dark-fiber.htm (516 words)

	darkfiber.com
		Dark fiber is surplus optikal fiber inphrastruktura (fiber optik kable and repeaters): in place but not being used.
		Dark fiber can refer to inphrastruktura that is in place but not yet ready to use.
		"Dark fiber service" is service provided by lokal exchange carriers (LECs) for the maintenance of optikal fiber transmission capacity between kustomer lokations in which the lite for the fiber is provided by the customer rather than the LEC.
	www.darkfiber.com /darkphyber (454 words)

	Dark fiber network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A dark fiber network is a privately operated optical fiber network that is run directly by its operator over dark fiber leased or purchased from another supplier, rather than by purchasing bandwidth or leased line capacity.
		Dark fiber networks may be used for private networking, or as Internet access or Internet infrastructure networking.
		Dark fiber networks may be point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, or use self-healing ring or mesh topologies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dark_fiber_network (244 words)

	The Chronicle: 3/14/2003: Lighting Up 'Dark Fiber'
		A mile of dark fiber that used to sell for $1,200 has sold, in some cases, for $200 or less since the downturn, a significant savings since intercity networks may comprise several hundred to several thousand miles of fiber.
		The fiber's capacity is such that high-energy physicists could have a private data pipeline from their research labs directly into the Large Hadron Collider, the particle accelerator at CERN, which is the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in Geneva.
		But a major attraction of dark fiber is its potential for permitting colleges to increase their bandwidth consumption without increasing their monthly costs.
	chronicle.com /free/v49/i27/27a02901.htm (2152 words)

	Welcome-Dark Fiber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Unbundled Dark Fiber Loop and Transport (UDF) from EMBARQ™ is fiber optic cable currently in the EMBARQ network that is not connected to the electronic equipment that "lights" it.
		The EMBARQ fiber network is one of the largest available of any local service provider, providing stability and reliability.
		UDF is available fiber between two points on a spare route requested by you.
	www.embarq.com /wholesale/darkfiber.html (403 words)

	Dark Fiber
		Dark fiber is fiber optic cable that has not been used yet and is not connected to any device.
		Dark fiber is usually installed to avoid the expense of having to go back and lay fiber again later.
		The abundance of dark fiber in the U.S. occured in the 1990s when there was a large upswing in the telecom and computer industries.
	www.timbercon.com /Dark-Fiber.html (136 words)

	CNN.com - Shedding light on dark fiber and the lack thereof - July 31, 2001
		Faced with a shortage of fiber in metro areas, infrastructure vendors are scrambling to come up with new ways to provide fiber bandwidth to enterprises.
		This mad dash for fiber in metro areas stands in sharp contrast to a so-called fiber glut, allegedly existing in transport networks across the country.
		Talk of a fiber glut heated up earlier this month when Wall Street analyst firm Merrill Lynch declared that only two percent to three percent of the nation's fiber is actually in use.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/TECH/internet/07/31/dark.fiber.debates.idg (1119 words)

	Globix: Dark Fiber Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We have deployed the latest in fiber optic cables, utilizing a number of types, depending on the routes, to meet the needs of current and future optical networks.
		The timing and quantity of fiber strands available is determined on an individual case-by-case basis, depending on our current and projected fiber inventory.
		As part of any dark fiber lease, we provide the necessary facilities, including regeneration huts and hand-off points, as well as access to our colocation centers for locating customer equipment.
	www.globix.com /network/dark_fiber (215 words)

	American Fiber Systems -AFS News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fiber is not fiber, and metro is not long-haul."
		Rusin also cited a recent national newspaper that suggested that for every dollar spent on putting fiber in the ground, a company has to spend $20 to attach all the equipment and turn it on.
		American Fiber Systems, Inc. is an independent provider of metropolitan dark fiber optic communications networks for enterprises, carriers and service providers in mid-sized U.S. cities.
	www.americanfibersystems.com /html/news/news_releases_043002.html (426 words)

	Google wants 'dark fiber' Fiber Optics Weekly Update - Find Articles
		Dark fiber refers to fiber-optic cable that's already been laid, but is not yet in use.
		Thousands of miles of dark fiber is available in the United States, but there have been few takers due to the high costs of making it operational.
		If Google were to build its own global or national fiber network, the project would likely cost billions of dollars and take years to implement, an investment that would be hard to justify based on the networking needs of most companies.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0NVN/is_3_25/ai_n9486453 (492 words)

	What is dark fiber? - a definition from Whatis.com
		- Dark fiber is optical fiber infrastructure (cabling and repeaters) that is currently in place but is not being used.
		For example, some electric utilities have installed optical fiber cable where they already have power lines installed in the expectation that they can lease the infrastructure to telephone or cable TV companies or use it to interconnect their own offices.
		"Dark fiber service" is service provided by local exchange carriers (LECs) for the maintenance of optical fiber transmission capacity between customer locations in which the light for the fiber is provided by the customer rather than the LEC.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci211891,00.html (293 words)

	Dark fiber: Businesses see the light \| CNET News.com
		Private fiber optic networks aren't just for giants anymore--midsize firms in many industries are saving by leasing unused fiber lines and building their own high-speed optical networks.
		Cheap fiber and optical equipment are paving the way for corporate customers to build their own fiber networks instead of subscribing to a service from a local carrier.
		But falling prices on unlit or dark fiber and newer, cheaper optical equipment mean even many midsize companies can afford to take out long-term leases on dark fiber and buy the equipment to run their own network on it.
	news.com.com /Dark+fiber+Businesses+...+light/2100-1037_3-5557910.html (777 words)

	ISP-Planet - Business - Telcos' Dark Fiber Lures ISPs
		The fiber glut is well publicized but little utilized because taking advantage of the telcos' overbuild takes a significant amount of time and a significant amount of complex legal work—fighting the phone company in court to become a customer.
		Furthermore, the few carriers that have been pursuing dark fiber UNEs, as they are known in the industry, have gone about this process so quietly they managed to fly under the radar screen of most watchdogs.
		The dynamics of lighting the ILECs' dark fiber are similar to the dynamics of growing a DSL footprint.
	www.isp-planet.com /business/2002/fiber_une.html (939 words)

	Google wants 'dark fiber' \| CNET News.com
		Thousands of miles of dark fiber are available in the United States, but there have been few takers because of the high costs of making it operational.
		They have forecasted their bandwidth needs 10 years from now and have realized that it is cheaper to invest in a dark fiber backbone right now rather than pay 10 more years of global bandwidth.
		Best-known is the National LambdaRail (NLR), which has acquired more than a third of the 28,000 route miles of dark fiber so far snapped up by the research community, according to Steve Corbato, Internet2's director of network initiatives and an NLR board member.
	news.com.com /Google+wants+dark+fiber/2100-1034_3-5537392.html (783 words)

	E-Rate Central: Dark Fiber FAQs
		Overview: In September 2003, the FCC announced that “dark fiber” transmission services would no longer be eligible for E-rate discounts as of FY 2004.
		“Dark fiber” was defined as “fiber optic cable for which the service provider has not provided modulating electronics” (Note: “dark” fiber is not the same as “unlit” fiber.
		As a result of this eligibility change, an E-rate applicant currently receiving dark fiber services under a long-term contract must either convert the contract to cover a lit fiber system, with the necessary modulating electronics being provided (i.e., owned and maintained) by the carrier, or forego E-rate discounts on the service beginning July 1, 2004.
	www.e-ratecentral.com /darkFiberFAQ.asp (526 words)

	Columbia News ::: Dark Fiber Technology Creates Faster Networking
		The Dark Fiber Network consists of hundreds of miles of fiber-optic cable, used to transmit information with light waves, under the streets of Manhattan.
		The network is called "dark fiber" because no telecommunications carrier is "lighting" it with its equipment; instead; Columbia "lights" its fiber strands with its own equipment, just as it does for on- and near-campus fiber cables.
		"Lighting the fiber is the end of a long cooperative effort that will give the participating institutions a technological foundation that will serve them well into the century," he said.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/news/04/12/darkfiber.html (425 words)

	Waves or dark fiber? It's important to assess the total cost of service deployment in the metro - Optical Networking ...
		Alternatively, with the overall concern about the stability of metro service providers and decreasing cost of metro fiber in some areas, providers may be inclined to look at lighting their own bandwidth using these assets (see Figure 1).
		Layered on the fiber physical connections are the equipment and systems that add capacity, provide protection and offer the framing and protocols that are required by providers and their end users.
		The key technical scenarios that will effect a provider's decision to proceed with a wavelength or a dark fiber solution are bandwidth requirements and the topology of network.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0NUH/is_3_37/ai_99011871 (827 words)

	City of Palo Alto Utilities - Commercial Fiber, Getting Connected (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The term "Dark" means that it is the responsibility of the customer to "light" the fiber by adding electronics at either end of the fiber.
		Dark fiber is a service for the Business community.
		All fiber optic infrastructure and related support infrastructure installed by CPAU is the sole property of the CPAU.
	www.cpau.com /fiber/commercial/cfgettingconnected.html (541 words)

	American Fiber Systems - what we do/networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to a study by Technology Futures Inc., (TFI) titled Depreciation Lives for Fiber Optic Cables in the Local Exchange a significant percentage of the fiber installed in ILEC networks is already obsolete for today’s needs and can not be run at higher then OC-12 rates.
		AFS’s full spectrum fiber is one of the three advanced fiber types cited in this report as a premium fiber optimized for higher rate, multiple wavelength traffic.
		When an ILEC encounters a building access fiber or a fiber on the route required by the customer that is at its maximum capacity, the ILEC may have to delay service until new fiber can installed.
	www.americanfibersystems.com /html/what/what_transport.html (381 words)

	Dark Fiber/Planeta.com
		On the heels of The Language of New Media, MIT has published another ground-breaking book about Internet Culture: Dark Fiber by Geert Lovink.
		Dark fiber is optical fiber infrastructure (cabling and repeaters) that is currently in place but is not being used.
		He hosts the award-winning Planeta.com website -- www.planeta.com -- and is the author of the Mexico: Adventures in Nature guidebook and the Exploring Ecotourism in the Americas resource guide.
	www.planeta.com /planeta/02/0209bookdarkfiber.html (832 words)

	Three Michigan Universities Assigned FiberCo Dark Fiber
		ANN ARBOR, MI – August 30, 2004 – FiberCo(TM), a fiber holding company supporting U.S. research and higher education, today announced that Michigan State University, the University of Michigan and Wayne State University have purchased three pairs of dark fiber between Chicago, Ill. and Detroit, Mich. Metro fiber was also purchased in Detroit.
		universities working with government and industry to develop and deploy advanced networking technologies, FiberCo provides a means for acquiring, holding, and assigning dark fiber assets on both the national and the regional scales and on behalf of the higher education community.
		Access to this dark fiber will enable networking capabilities that allow scientists to collaborate and conduct research with colleagues around the country in ways not possible using existing networks, and will provide the infrastructure to conduct experiments on networking itself.
	www.fiberco.org /press-michigan.html (644 words)

	Morph: Dark Fiber and Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The abundance of dark fiber is the result of fiber network build-outs that included laying substantial extra fiber-optic cables at the time the trenches were opened, as a non-specific plan for the future and as a hedge to limit the likelihood that new trenches would have to be dug.
		Regardless of Google's success or failure, I agree, the lighting of dark fiber is one of the major enablers for the high speed connected home of the future.
		Making intelligent use of that dark fiber could well define the who is, and is not, the power broker in that future world.
	www.mediacenterblog.org /2005/12/dark_fiber_and (1367 words)

	Lexent Metro Connect Provides City-Wide Dark Fiber Connectivity to the VPF
		Lexent’s Fractional Dark Fiber is a great product offering to anyone who wishes to connect to the VPF in New York City.
		The dark fiber is fractionalized using low-cost Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) which allows customers to connect via a "fl link" using industry standard ITU-U G.695 interfaces for maximum vendor compatibility.
		Lexent Metro Connect, LLC is a leading provider of dark fiber infrastructure, and has deployed and operates one of the most extensive optical fiber networks in the New York metropolitan area.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/6/prweb405783.htm (821 words)

	ITworld.com - Shedding new light on dark fiber
		Large organizations now have the option of getting out of the business of leasing and lighting dark fiber themselves, and moving to multigigabit wavelength services managed by service providers.
		The optical expertise required to run wavelength services over dark fiber is difficult to find and expensive, Oltsik notes, so many companies would rather not run their own wavelength services.
		Even though it may be more expensive to use a combination of dark fiber and SONET services from traditional carriers, many companies will want to stick with the tried and true, rather than taking a chance on an unknown entity.
	www.itworld.com /Net/2779/NWW117812_03-05-2001/pfindex.html (1033 words)

	Google dark fiber network one day? - TechSpot News
		Word has it that Google has been sniffing around the idea of tapping into Dark fiber - fiber optic cable that's already been laid, but is not yet in use.
		There are literally thousands upon thousands of miles of dark fiber is available in the United States, the potential for which is pretty staggering.
		Dark fiber does however remain a topic of increasing interest among the tech community, with private companies, universities and medical facilities all interested in what it could provide.
	www.techspot.com /news/16770-google-dark-fiber-network-one-day.html (349 words)

	4Connections: Dedicated Dark Fiber Optic Networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As an owner and operator of an independent fiber optic network, 4Connections is also a broadband technology enabler of advanced voice, data and video applications.
		This fiber "super highway" touches major corporate headquarters, NJ government, education and healthcare facilities as well as research centers and telecommunication carrier hotels in the New Jersey and New York Metro areas.
		4Connections, a New Jersey and New York metro lit and dark fiber provider, announces today the successful completion of a fiber network connecting the State of New Jersey, Kean University, Union County College, and Monmouth and Union Counties with the meet-me-room located at 165 Halsey Street in Newark, New Jersey’s top carrier hotel.
	www.4connections.net (287 words)

	Don Dodge on The Next Big Thing: Google dark fiber mystery
		David Morgenstern of eWeek wrote a story today "Google And Its Continuing Dark Fiber Mystery" with various theories on why Google bought all that dark fiber.
		My guess is that Google's purchase of dark fiber started out as a purely practical decision, but evolved to a strategic direction once they understood all the things they could do with the enormous bandwidth.
		Don't worry, there is still plenty of unused fiber available for sale, but maybe for nickles and dimes on the dollar instead of pennies.
	dondodge.typepad.com /the_next_big_thing/2006/06/google_dark_fib.html (495 words)

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