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Topic: Dark tourism

	Tourism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act.
		For a century, domestic tourism was the norm, with foreign travel being reserved for the rich or the culturally curious.
		Space tourism is expected to "take off" in the first quarter of the 21st century, although compared with traditional destinations the number of tourists in orbit will remain low until technlogies such as space elevator make space travel cheap.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tourism (2281 words)

	Darkness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Darkness is the absence of light, although earlier in history it was sometimes viewed as a substance in its own right, and appears in this form in some fantasy literature, such as Terry Pratchett's Discworld.
		In Western tradition, darkness is also associated with evil, evil entities (such as demons or Satan), and Hell or, especially in Egyptian mythology, the underworld.
		Dark tourism is the travel to sites associated with death and suffering.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dark (218 words)

	Death and Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster (London and New York: Continuum, 2000) vii + 184pp, Pb.
		They categorise this phenomenon as ‘dark tourism’, a concept they associate with modern films and photography which commemorate horrific past events and through which such horrors are transformed into accessible commodities.
		Dark tourism sites themselves, they argue, manifest implicit critiques of modernity and create unease in visitors, by demonstrating warped implementation of modern technolgies, such as in Auschwitz’ gas chambers.
	www.cult-media.com /issue2/Rreade.htm (987 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Dark Ages [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This concept of a "Dark Age" was first created in the early 14th Century by the humanist Petrarch and was originally intended as a pejorative sweeping criticism of the lack of Latin literature.
		The term "Dark Ages" was also in use, but by the 18th century tended to be confined to the earlier part of this "medieval" period.
		In this sense of "obscurity," "Dark Ages" is not a pejorative term, and is restricted to the earlier part of the Middle Ages—not the entire period Petrarch conceived—while to some (though not all) the term "medieval" (or "Middle Ages" itself) implies mainly the latter part of that period.
	encyclozine.com /Dark_Ages (2605 words)

	Transcend Peace University
		Tourism not only flourishes in peaceful environments but may also contribute to the achievement of peace.
		Starting with the dichotomy of tourism as an industry versus tourism as a social force, this course will utilise the social science perspective of tourism as a force for peace, as a catalyst for cultural understanding.
		Tourism and Terrorism: The Hope for Tourism as a Force for Peace during the era of "War on Terrorism".
	www.transcend.org /tpu/courses.shtml?x=94 (561 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Travel \| Special reports \| Journeys into understanding
		Dark tourism - the tourism of sites of tragedy - may be a recent growth area for the travel industry but it's not a new phenomenon.
		'Dark tourism' sites are important testaments to the consistent failure of humanity to temper our worst excesses and, managed well, they can help us to learn from the darkest elements of our past.
		· Professor John Lennon is co-author of Dark Tourism - The attraction of death and disaster(Continuum) and director of the Moffat Centre for Travel and Tourism at Glasgow Caledonian University.
	travel.guardian.co.uk /darktourism/story/0,16652,1599599,00.html (403 words)

	UL College of Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries and an important source of employment in several countries.
		Developments in the tourism sector require personnel with an understanding of current trends and developments in the worldwide tourism industry, and who are equipped with the analytical and personal skills to effect change.
		The MA in International Tourism is a one-year, full-time programme which takes place over two semesters, plus a further period of 4 months for completion of the dissertation.
	www.ul.ie /business/courses/matourism.shtml (1013 words)

	London Metropolitan University » Module Catalogue » LT2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The influence of tourism on culture and identity; the construction of cultural boundaries (between hosts and guests); changing perceptions of insiders and outsiders.
		Cultural tourism and the politics of urban regeneration; post-modernism and changing patterns of consumption in cultural tourism policies.
		Tourism entrepreneurship and social stratification; the influence of ethnic, religious and gender relations on tour guiding, tourism entrepreneurship and processes of cultural commodification.
	www.londonmet.ac.uk /module-catalogue/2/lt/lt2001.cfm (857 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Death, gambling and the pink pound - is this tourism's future? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tourism in Scotland is to be boosted by death, homosexuality and gambling.
		Dark tourism is already attracting visitors when you consider the popularity of places such as Inverary Jail and the Bannockburn Visitors’ Centre."
		A spokeswoman for the Edinburgh and Lothians Tourist Board said attractions such as Mary King’s Close and the plethora of Old Town ghost tours were evidence of the spending power of dark tourism.
	news.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=994222004 (916 words)

	Post 9/11, dark tourism booms
		People hardly have the requisite finances for its domestic and foreign tourism, let alone such specialised form of tourism, which is a rising trend in other countries," says Vipul Singhal, chairman of the Travel Federation of India.
		However, even if internal trends of domestic tourism are plotted, famous burial shrines and mausoleums have always been tourist hubs, attracting visitors seeking spiritual solace from all across the country.
		However, keeping in mind the 15 per cent annual growth in tourism sector and the 330 million outbound tourists, experts say people "exploring" such "dark" sites are bound to be on the rise.
	www.rediff.com /money/2005/may/27dark.htm (491 words)

	Tourism [encyclopedia] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The term tourism is sometimes used pejoratively, implying a shallow interest in the societies and natural wonders that the tourist visits.
		Tourism in the modern sense of the word did not develop until the nineteenth century; that was leisure travel, which today forms the larger part of the tourist industry.
		Tourism has become a multi-billion pound international industry, and one that is growing in developed countries (source countries) at a rate considerably faster than annual growth levels.
	artzia.com /tourism (1649 words)

	triinst
		Tourism Review International is a peer-reviewed journal that advances excellence in all fields of tourism research, promotes high-level tourism knowledge, and nourishes cultural awareness in all sectors of the tourism industry by integrating industry and academic perspectives.
		Its international and interdisciplinary nature ensures that the needs of those interested in tourism are served by documenting industry practices, discussing tourism management and planning issues, providing a forum for primary research and critical examinations of previous research, and by chronicling changing tourism patterns and trends at the local, regional and global scale.
		Tourism, mobility, and global communities: New aprpoaches to theorizing tourism and tourist spaces.
	www.cognizantcommunication.com /filecabinet/Tri/triinst.html (1095 words)

	Casino [ptz]
		Niche markets such as dark tourism - interest in graveyards, gruesome ghost tours and battlefields - are to be targeted in an effort to attract more visitors.
		A spokesman for VisitScotland said: "Targeting specific areas such as dark tourism and pink tourism are among the ways we can encourage more tourists to Scotland.
		Some dark tourism is more sinister, such as the interest in going to see Auschwitz, Lockerbie or Ground Zero.
	www.unlv.edu /centers/gaming/2004/08/future-of-scottish-tourism-what-do.html (1366 words)

	Dark Tourism: A Facination With Death And Attrocity?
		Dark Tourism, a phrase coined by the authors Foley and Lennon in 1996, is one of the many newly found terms applied to the visitation of sites associated with death, disaster and mass killing.
		It is evident that interest in 'dark tourism' sites is in no way a new phenomenon and interest within such sites is ever growing, for example, Ground Zero now attracts 3.6 million visitors per annum, as opposed to the 1.8 million that visited the World Trade Centre.
		This it is assumed is due to the fact that it is very difficult to research participants of dark tourism, when information required includes details about their motivations, perceptions and emotions, as there is of course, a risk of causing offence.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/jan/article403.html (455 words)

	Tourism Management. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		G.J. Ashworth, Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster.
		Allan M. Williams, Vladimír Balá, The Czech and Slovak Republics: conceptual issues in the economic analysis of tourism in transition, Tourism Management 23 (1) (2002) pp.
		Seyhmus Baloglu, Mehmet Mangaloglu, Tourism destination images of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy as perceived by US-based tour operators and travel agents, Tourism Management 22 (1) (2001) pp.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/02615177/viewer.htt?viewtype=authors&rangeselected=1 (538 words)

	Parks & Recreation: Heeding the call for heritage tourism: more visitors want an "experience" in their ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Heritage tourism, a niche segment that first rose to prominence among researchers and the tourism industry in the 1990s, remains one of the most significant, and fastest growing forms of leisure travel within the American market.
		The TIA study found that cultural/heritage tourists spent all average of $623 per trip, compared to the typical American tourist's expenditure of $457, and that a higher proportion were likely to spend in excess of $1,000 (19 percent compared to 12 percent).
		Geotourism, a concept similar to sustainable tourism, has a primary concern of preserving a destination's "geographic character," known as "the entire combination of natural and human attributes that make one place distinct from another" (p.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1145/is_9_39/ai_n6335112 (1121 words)

	The Politics of Tour Guiding: Israeli and Palestinian Guides in Israel and the Occupied Territories
		They categorise this phenomenon as 'dark tourism', a concept they associate with modern films and photography that commemorate horrific past events and through which such horrors are transformed into accessible commodities.
		Foley and Lennon argue such selective processes of commemoration and representation, are prime aspects of 'dark tourism', providing intimations of post-modernity.
		Dark tourism sites themselves, they argue, manifest implicit critiques of modernity and create unease in visitors, by showing distorted implementation of modern technologies, such as in Auschwitz'; gas chambers.
	www.coursework.info /i/21208.html (587 words)

	Moffat Centre - Travel & Tourism Business Development, Glasgow, Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The phenomena of Dark Tourism has been studied for the first time at a global level by Professors Lennon and Foley.
		Dark tourism sites present governments and other authorities with moral and ethical dilemmas, where recent tragic history often confronts the dynamic of commercial development and exploitation.
		“Dark Tourism is a much anticipated study that sheds light on a controversial and fascinating area of tourism.
	www.moffatcentre.com /dark.htm (236 words)

	110san206 - Page 1 of 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Topics covered will include the following: the social development of leisure, travel and tourism; anthropological approaches to tourism; liminality, tourist behaviour and commodity fetishism; tourism development and its impact; staged authenticity and heritage tourism; modern and postmodern tourism; semiotics and dark tourism; hosts, guests and brokers; and travel writing, souvenirs and postcards.
		Lennon, J. and Foley, M. (2000) Dark tourism: the attraction of death and disaster, London : Continuum, especially chapter 1.
		For this workshop I want you to bring in your potential tourism material culture and to work in groups to consider, present and evaluate their merits from an anthropological perspective.
	www.qub.ac.uk /schools/SchoolofAnthropologicalStudies/Teaching/Modules/110san206-Page1of2 (3719 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this course, students study the impacts of tourism development on the culture, society, local economy and the environment of the local communities in international and domestic settings.
		The anthropology of tourism is a relatively new topical area within cultural anthropology and has both theoretical and applied directions.
		Tourism is a social, cultural, political and economic phenomenon.
	www4.ncsu.edu /~twallace/Ant431sybFALL04.htm (2009 words)

	Egypt - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Egypt
		A photograph of the Suez Canal taken by astronauts aboard the Apollo 7 spacecraft, showing the canal stretching from the Gulf of Suez (the dark area at the bottom of the picture) to the Mediterranean.
		Acts of terrorism have also been directed against foreign tourists, in an effort to destroy Egypt's valuable tourism industry – the massacre of over 60 tourists at Luxor in 1997 had a deeply damaging effect on tourism revenues.
		A government crackdown began in 1993 and in July, amid continuing violence, Mubarak was re-elected for a third term of office.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Egypt (7147 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: Ground Zero and the phenomena of 'Dark Tourism'
		Papers in the States have been full of articles debating its moral validity and the New York tourist board has found it hard to approach its newest attraction, conscious of the need not to appear to be capitalising on the tragedy.
		What is certain is that 'dark tourism' isn't a new phenomenon - the violent death of the British Archbishop of Canterbury in the town's cathedral in the twelfth century attracted throngs of people to the site.
		With such a long history, it's safe to say, whether you like it or not, dark tourism is here to stay.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/north_america/new_york/ground_zero.php (738 words)

	Resources & Activities: New Words
		grief tourism first began to emerge, as tens of thousands of people flocked to the town with flowers and tributes.
		Though many had good intentions, there were others for whom the trip to Soham was regarded as yet another tourist destination, coaches full of tourists even making special detours from the sights of Cambridge to visit the scene of this dreadful crime.
		dark tourism, coined in 1997 to describe the phenomenon of people travelling to the scene of a tragedy or disaster to see for themselves the place where it happened.
	www.macmillandictionary.com /New-words/040821-grief-tourist.htm (389 words)

	Annals of Tourism Research. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Smith, Preserve or Destroy: Tourism and the Environment, Annals of Tourism Research 24 (2) (1997) pp.
		M.D. Smith, R.S. Krannich, Tourism dependence and resident attitudes, Annals of Tourism Research 25 (4) (1998) pp.
		W.W. Smith, Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster - By John Lennon and Malcom Foley.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/01607383/viewer.htt?viewtype=authors&rangeselected=37 (667 words)

	Who are we? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Peter E. Tarlow is an expert specializing in the impact of crime and terrorism on the tourism industry, event risk management, and in tourism and economic development.
		Some of the topics about which he speaks are: the sociology of terrorism, its impact on tourism security and risk management, the US government's role in post terrorism recovery, and how communities and businesses must face a major paradigm shift in the way they do business.
		He is a contributing author in the first major book on tourism security book Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (John Wiley and Sons) and has published numerous academic and applied research articles regarding issues of security including articles published in The Futurist, the Journal of Travel Research and Security Management.
	www.tourismandmore.com /frames_bio.html (2667 words)

	Current Research Students' Topics, Department of Tourism, University of Otago
		Maori Tourism: Representation and Identity from Colonialism to Post-Modernism
		International educational tourism opportunities for New Zealand university students: characteristics and perceptions of university providers, applicants and participants of student exchange programmes.
		Tourism Development and Impacts in Himachal Pradesh, India with Special Reference to Kullu Valley
	divcom.otago.ac.nz /Tourism/research/studentresearch.html (350 words)

	Presentation of Dark Tourism: Te Wairoa, the buried village.
		Presentation of Dark Tourism: Te Wairoa, the buried village.
		The primary objective of dark tourism sites is to produce emotive responses to places of death and disaster, and this can be achieved through processes of personalisation of place.
		The implications of the concepts of 'dark tourism' are discussed with reference to this site in terms of site and visitor experience management.
	www.trcnz.govt.nz /Bibliography/ViewResearchItem.aspx?ID=487 (285 words)

	Teresa Leopold, Department of Tourism, University of Otago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		She is currently studying towards a Masters in Tourism conducting research on dark tourism in Southeast Asia.
		As part of her BA (hons) Degree in Tourism Management from the University of Brighton in England, she has undertaken research on the marketing of memorials as well as industrial-based research on visitor satisfaction.
		Teresa is employed by the Department of Tourism as a Teaching Assistant.
	divcom.otago.ac.nz /Tourism/staff/leopold.htm (87 words)

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