Dartmoor tin-mining

Dartmoor tin-mining - Factbites
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Topic: Dartmoor tin-mining

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	Dartmoor tin-mining - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Open cast mining followed, around the 16th century, and involved the digging of large trenches along the ‘ lodes ’, or veins of tin ore. Evidence of this early form of mining is evident on Dartmoor in the form of gullies and overgrown spoil heaps.
		The discovery of tin in the ‘new world’, particularly in the southern hemisphere, had a major impact on the Dartmoor industry, and many miners emigrated.
		Underground mines didn’t appear until the 18th century, and in an area as waterlogged as Dartmoor, these were fraught with danger.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dartmoor_tin-mining

	Dartmoor pony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dartmoor Pony was used in medieval times for carrying heavy loads of tin from the mines across the moor.
		The Dartmoor Pony Moorland Scheme (DPMS), established in 1988 in a bid to halt the decline in numbers and along with the Dartmoor Pony Society, runs a breeding scheme.
		Under the breed standard, introduced in 1924, a Dartmoor pony should stand at no more than 12.2hh, with most between 11.1 and 12.2 hh, and should be bay, brown, black, grey chestnut or roan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dartmoor_pony

	Articles - Tin
		Tin mining is believed to have started in Cornwall and Devon ( esp Dartmoor) in Classical times, and a thriving tin trade developed with the civilizations of the Mediterranean.
		Although of higher melting point that a lead-tin alloy the use of pure tin or tin alloyed with other metals in these applications is rapidly supplanting the use of the previously common lead–containing alloys in order to eliminate the problems of toxicity caused by lead.
		Tin can be highly polished and is used as a protective coat for other metals in order to prevent corrosion or other chemical action.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Tin

	MSN Encarta - England
		Dartmoor (610 m/2,000 ft above sea level), one of the wildest areas of England, is the largest of the south-western uplands.
		During the Middle Ages, Cornwallâs ancient tin mines were so important to the prosperity of England that the miners were granted special legal and other privileges by the Crown.
		South Crofty, the last surviving Cornish tin mine, was closed in March 1998, but reopened in September 2001; it is hoped that new excavation techniques will make the mine viable again.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572205/England.html

	Industrial archaeology of Dartmoor - Iridis Encyclopedia
		The most obvious evidence of mining to the casual visitor to Dartmoor are the remains of the old mine-house at Wheal Betsy which is alongside of the A386 between Tavistock and Okehampton.
		Also, whilst walking on Dartmoor near one of the many warrens, it is entirely possible that you might accidentally stumble into a weasel -trap, placed there originally to capture weasels and stoats attempting to get at the rabbits.
		The word Wheal has a particular meaning in Devon and Cornwall being either a tin or a copper mine, however in the case of Wheal Betsy it was principally lead and silver which were mined.
	www.iridis.com /Industrial_archaeology_of_Dartmoor

	BBC - Devon Bookshelf - Tin Mines and Miners of Dartmoor by Tom Greeves
		This history of the rise and fall of Dartmoor tin mining is based on earlier references and by oral accounts from those who worked in the mines or knew people who did.
		Dartmoor once boasted several hundred tin mines, and the industry played an important part in the area's economy.
		You wouldn't think so nowadays, but Dartmoor was once a major mining area.
	www.bbc.co.uk /devon/culture/bookshelf/tin_mines.shtml

	Dartmoor
		Their use as a working pony peaked during the heyday of tin mining on Dartmoor, when they carried tin to the stannary towns in Cornwall.
		Dartmoor was the setting for Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles.
		Dartmoor in Devon, England, is a high moorland area formed on a bed of granite.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0000781.html

	Dartmoor Introduction Pre history The Historical Period
		The Dartmoor landscape is scattered with the marks left by the many generations who have lived and worked there over the centuries - such as the remains of the once mighty Dartmoor tin-mining industry, and farmhouses long since abandoned.
		Dartmoor wildlife The remoteness of Dartmoor and the fact that a great deal of it is undisturbed for much of the year is an encouragement to the wildlife.
		Dartmoor Dartmoor is a National Park in the centre of the English county of Devon.
	www.masterliness.com /a/Dartmoor.htm

	DPHT - What is a Dartmoor Pony?
		During the tin mining era on the Moor they were used to carry the tin to the Stannary towns.
		Dartmoor is a wild upland area of moorland and granite tors, rising in places to over 2,000 feet it receives the full force of the Atlantic gales.
		Dartmoors make excellent Pony Club mounts as they are very level headed, able and willing.
	www.dartmoorponytrust.co.uk /whatis.htm

	Dartmoor
		Once known as Dartmoor forest, for it was covered by English Oak woodland it was reserved as a royal hunting ground.
		Later farming, quarrying and tin mining dramatically changed the landscape, over printing an archaeological heritage to the area.
		Dartmoor’s landscape is of great archaeological importance, with over 10,000 entries on the County Sites and Monuments Register.
	www.devon-holiday.com /dartmoor.html

	Dartmoor, Pony closely related to the Exmoor horse
		It is known that during the tin-mining era on Dartmoor, the ponies were used to carry the tin down from the moors.
		For some time Dartmoors were crossed with other breeds, resulting in great variations in type.
		Dartmoors have roamed the desolate moorland of southern Devon for many centuries.
	equineestates.com /library/breeds/d003.htm

	Discovering Dartmoor - On-Line Book Store
		It was originally a long article written for Doidge's Western Counties illustrated Annual for 1892 and includes vivid descriptions of the vestiges of the habitations of the living and the sepulchral monuments of the dead, tin-mining and other historical notes on Dartmoor.
		Mention is also made of Wistman's Wood, Cranmere Pool, The Dewerstone and the Princetown area, and there are some fascinating accounts of the legendary Dartmoor Pixies.
		Every Cross on Dartmoor denotes something, be it an ancient route or a modern commemoration, and the aim of this book is to provide an easy-to-follow guide to each of them and what they represent.
	www.discoveringdartmoor.co.uk /books

	Cowboy Heaven
		Many Dartmoors were used as pack ponies, carrying the tin from mines to the surrounding towns.
		Many years ago, tin mining was an important industry in the Southwest of England.
		The Dartmoor pony is very much in demand as children's ponies, a job to which they are well suited, not only because of their size, but also because of their wonderful temperament.
	www.cowboyheaven.com /breeds/breed15.htm

	Dartmoor Explorer: Ref 644 764 - 258
		Crokern Tor is the home of the Stannary Parliament, which was the governing body of the tin mining industry in Devon.
	www.clickable.co.uk /dartmoor/northwest/644764_258.htm

	Dartmoor National Park : Fact Files
		Dartmoor Crafts is an exhibition celebrating a wide range of creative work produced by craftspeople living and working in the National Park.
		Dartmoor is the inspiration for much of their work and many use natural materials sourced from Dartmoor.
		The leaflet includes information on a number of Dartmoor producers and gives information on their location, the range of goods they produce and where it can be bought from.
	www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk /dnp/factfile/homepage.html

	Dartmoor walks
		Buddles washed the tin ore by means of rotating brushes that led off from the central dome.
		This is part of the extensive Holne reave system which was a set of enclosed fields and homesteads made when conditions on Dartmoor were a bit easier than they are today.
		A double mortarstone is clearly visible while to the left is a tin ingot mould.
	www.richkni.co.uk /dartmoor/relics.htm

	DEVRIENT - LoveToKnow Article on DEVRIENT
		The tin mines of Devon have been worked from time immemorial, and in the 14th century mines of tin, copper, lead, gold and silver are mentioned.
		On Dartmoor the lines are invariably straight, and are found in direct connection with cairns, and with circles which are probably sepulchral.
		Antiquities.in primeval antiquities Devonshire is not so rich as Cornwall; but Dartmoor abounds in remains of the highest interest, the most peculiar of which are the long parallel alignments of upright stones, which, on a small scale, resemble those of Carnac in Brittany.
	www.1911encyclopedia.com /D/DE/DEVRIENT.htm

	BBC - Devon Features - Historians celebrate 700 years of 'Royal' tin mining
		The tin industry in Devon was focused mainly on Dartmoor, with the first written record of tin mining dating back to the 12th Century.
		Devon historians are celebrating the 700th anniversary of tin mining being granted a charter by Edward I. Listen to the most recent edition of Country Matters from BBC Radio Devon, broadcast each Monday from 7pm - 7.30pm (G2).
		The charter also gave tinners the right to dig anywhere for tin, and bring water for the mining process through anyone's land.
	www.bbc.co.uk /devon/news_features/rural_affairs/2005/tin_mining_anniversary.shtml

	Dartmoor of the Baskervilles: British Heritage on Britannia
		Perhaps the most threatening of these hounds is the 'Black Dog of Dartmoor' who was said to strike fear into those travelling late at night on the coach road, chasing them until they reached their destination.
		While Dartmoor's granite normally does not erode or dissolve readily, local variations in mineral content can lead to weaknesses, especially when the minerals are exposed to the acidic water of bogs.
		To the medieval miners who looked for tin deposits in the soil lining the banks of the River Dart, floods were both a blessing and a curse.
	www.britannia.com /BritHeritage/dartmoor.html

	GENUKI: Chagford, Devon - Genealogy
		It was made one of the Stannary towns in 1328, and had a stannary court, for regulating the tin mining operations of Dartmoor, till about 60 years ago, when it was removed to Tavistock.
		Dartmoor Press Online Magazine's page for this parish, with articles, transcriptions, publication details, etc.
		Its parish comprises 7492 acres, of which 5732 acres are old enclosures and well cultivated; 1271 acres are in pasturage and tillage in Dartmoor; 359 acres are waste, and 129 acres in roads, andc.
	genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk /DEV/Chagford

	DTRG Dartmoor Tinworking Research Group
		The tinners and tin miners of Devon have left a lasting mark on the appearance of Dartmoor and on the cultural and historical development of its communities.
		In a smelting mill or blowing house the metallic tin was extracted from the ore in a furnace with a water powered forced air draught Molten tin from the furnace was cast into ingots in a stone mould.
		The remains of their tinworks and mines are to be found all over the moor.
	www.dtrg.freeserve.co.uk

	Devon's Mining History and Stannary parliament
		Most of the mining in Devon has focussed on Dartmoor, with tin frequently being found in areas of granite, and other minerals (such as copper) in areas surrounding a granite outcropping.
		The authority of the stannary parliaments extended to anyone who was involved in the tin mining industry, and as this included people involved with 'tin streaming' (excavating river banks to remove the tin content) which was a popular activity needing little equipment, the laws therefore impacted a large proportion of the population.
		However the Devon (and Cornwall) mines were severly impacted by the discovery of large amounts of tin and copper in the new world and in Australia and most then closed.
	users.senet.com.au /~dewnans/Devon_Stannary_History.html

	Remortgages in Devon - Mortgage & Remortgage Lenders
		The Dartmoor tin-mining industry thrived for hundreds of years, continuing from pre-Roman times right through to the first half of the 20th century.
		Tin was found largely on Dartmoor's granite heights, and copper in the areas around it.
		In the eighteenth century Devon Great Consols mine (near Tavistock) was believed to be the largest copper mine in the world.
	www.remortgages-uk.info /lenders/england/devon.php

	Feature
		The second tin boom came around the 16th century when new deposits were found by new mining techniques called open cast mining.
		All over the moor you can see evidence of tin mining from mortar stones used for crushing the tin to mould stones for pouring the moulten tin into, ready for export.
		Edward I ruled that a tinner may dig for tin on any land that he chooses and to divert streams and waterways to help in the dig for tin.
	www.walkingdartmoor.co.uk /tinmining.asp

	Devon local studies service. Thematic listing. Mining and quarrying
		An outline archaeological and historical survey of tin mining in Devon, England 1500-1920.
		Dartmoor mines : the mines of the granite mass / Michael Atkinson with Roger Burt and Peter Waite.
		Aiken, S.R. West Devon Mining: the influence of mining on the parish of Tavistock in the 19th century, a study in social and economic.
	www.devon.gov.uk /library/locstudy/theme776.html

	Dartmoor - News Page
		Dartmoor ponies were used in the tin mining industry and on the farm.
		The unregistered Dartmoor pony is as much a part of the unique Dartmoor landscape as are the granite tors we all love to see.
		THE DARTMOOR PONY HERTIAGE TRUST has many plans to increase the importance of this pony, no longer are these ponies going to hide behind a bushel or even a gorse bush.
	www.dartmoor.co.uk /news.asp?id=27

	Dartmoor National Park
		More modern remains of tin mining are still visible in some places, notably around Mary Tavy.
		Dartmoor's soil is notorious for bogs, which is not surprising when you consider that in some places the peat is 12 ft. deep.
		The landscape of Dartmoor is extraordinary; tall granite "tors" stand out atop two high plateaus split by the valley of the River Dart.On those plateaus the famous Dartmoor ponies still graze.
	www.britainexpress.com /countryside/Dartmoor.htm

	Ashburton Devon Holidays Accommodation
		This ancient tin mining stannary town in south Devon is in a great location on the fringes of Dartmoor and close to the beautiful south Devon coastline.
		Dating back to Saxon times Ashburton has had a varied history with tin mining being largely influential for the town as it was only one of four stannary towns in Devon.
		Further a field, Dartmoor is spectacular for pony trekking and walking and the River Dart is great for fishing and canoeing.
	www.cornwalldevondorsetholidays.co.uk /devon-town.asp?NearestTownID=64

	About Dartmoor
		It was carried out by a local Dartmoor tin miner, a Mr Forsland, who with his expert knowledge of diverting streams to provide watercourses for mining purposes, suggested the building of a leat to convey the water over the necessary long distances involved.
		It could also be argued that perhaps Drake would not have discouraged the mining of tin, because of the affect it had upon the estuary at Laira, which was possibly advantageous to his business interests in the mills and tradings of Sutton Harbour and Millbay.
		Certainly many arguments, as they had in the past, still ensued over the rights of taking or diverting water from the leat for tin mining and other purposes, and it is perhaps ironic that a tin miner was used to chart and assess the cost and course of the leat.
	www.corboy.co.uk /drakes_leat.html

	Tavistock Devon Holidays Accommodation
		On the Western edge of Dartmoor National Park this unspoilt town with a tradition in tin mining and cloth making, boasts a great location in an area of outstanding natural beauty.
		With a population of 10,800 the pretty town centre offers a good variety of shops, boutiques and craft stores, as well as a range of inns and cafes and other places to eat and drink.
	www.cartwheelholidays.co.uk /devon-town.asp?NearestTownID=48

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