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	Dartos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In males it is termed tunica dartos and lies beneath the skin of the scrotum.
		In females, the same muscle fibers are less well developed and termed dartos mulierbris, lying beneath the skin of the labia majora.
		The dartos muscle works in conjunction with the cremasteric muscle to raise the testis but should not be confused with the cremasteric reflex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dartos (194 words)

	Dartos -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In females, the same muscle fibers are less well developed and termed dartos mulierbris, lying beneath the skin of the (The two outer folds of the vulva) labia majora.
		The tunica dartos acts to regulate the (The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)) temperature of the (One of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens) testicles in order to promote (Development of spermatozoa) spermatogenesis.
		The dartos muscle works in conjunction with the cremasteric muscle to raise the (One of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens) testis but should not be confused with the (Click link for more info and facts about cremasteric reflex) cremasteric reflex.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/da/dartos.htm (285 words)

	dartos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The dartos is a layer of smooth muscular fiber.
		Conversely, expansion increases the surface area, promoting heat loss and thus cooling the testicles.The dartos muscle works in conjunction with the cremasteric muscle to raise the testis but should not be confused with the cremasteric reflex.
		In older males the dartos muscle loses its tone, and tends to cause the scrotum to be smoother and to hang down further.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /dartos.html (233 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Smooth muscles are composed of elongated, spindle-shaped, nucleated cells arranged parallel to one another and to the long axis of the muscle, and these cells are often grouped into bundles of varying size.
		a muscle derived from an epimere and innervated by a posterior ramus of a spinal nerve.
		a muscle derived from a hypomere and innervated by an anterior ramus of a spinal nerve.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_m_22zPzhtm (2920 words)

	The Peripenic Muscle
		This muscle sheet has a certain practical importance, for by the agency of its fibers the distal opening of the prepuce is liable to marked alterations, seemingly larger at some times than at others, according to the state of contraction of his subcutaneous muscle.
		The muscle forms a sheet of practically equal thickness for its whole extent, but owing to the doubling of the skin to from the prepuce the muscle-fibers are rather more abundant in that region, as the muscle lines, to a certain extent, the inner "mucosal" layer to the prepuce as well as the outer.
		The peripenic muscle is doubtless the cause of the remarkable rugosity usually exhibited by the removed prepuce or the prepuce under the stimulus of cold.
	www.cirp.org /library/anatomy/jefferson (2132 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Pharmacology and thermosensitivity of the dartos muscle isolated from rat scrotum
		Animal studies have shown a clear inverse relationship between the level of contraction of the dartos and the external environmental temperature (Maloney and Mitchell, 1996; El-Darawany, 1999), and have confirmed that the state of contraction of the dartos muscle is one of the major factors controlling scrotal temperature (Maloney and Mitchell, 1996).
		The contractile state of smooth muscle is determined by the degree of phosphorylation of myosin; calyculin-A results in contraction by inhibiting myosin phosphatase and therefore preventing myosin dephosphorylation (Hartshorne, 1998; Somlyo and Somlyo, 1998).
		Smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, a type I phosphatase, is a heterotrimer consisting of a catalytic subunit (37 kD), a regulatory myosin binding subunit (130 kD) that targets the enzyme to its substrate, and a 20 kD subunit of uncertain function (Hartshorne, 1998).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v136/n8/full/0704830a.html (4803 words)

	XI. Splanchnology. 3c. The Male Genital Organs. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Its external aspect varies under different circumstances: thus, under the influence of warmth, and in old and debilitated persons, it becomes elongated and flaccid; but, under the influence of cold, and in the young and robust, it is short, corrugated, and closely applied to the testes.
		The dartos tunic is closely united to the skin externally, but connected with the subjacent parts by delicate areolar tissue, upon which it glides with the greatest facility.
		It is separated from the dartos tunic by loose areolar tissue.
	www.bartleby.com /107/258.html (3421 words)

	* Dartos - (Sexuality): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A smooth muscle in the scrotum that causes the surface to wrinkle when it contracts.
		The muscle responsible for the appearance of the scrotum is the dartos muscle.
		Another muscle, the dartos muscle, helps move the testicles up and down inside the scrotum.
	www.bestknows.com /sexuality/dartos.html (121 words)

	Bio 114 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The dartos muscle is a layer of smooth muscle that lies just under the skin of the scrotum.
		The cremaster muscles that surround each testis are skeletal muscles derived from the internal obliques.
		The penis consists of an attached root, the shaft, and the enlarged distal end called the glans penis which is surrounded by the detached skin of the prepuce (foreskin).
	staff.bcc.edu /pslavin/Bio114MaleReproductive.htm (709 words)

	Abdomen Terms
		Dartos muscle fibers are a continuation of abdominal subcutaneous (below the skin) fat and, as such, are attached directly to skin.
		Piriformis muscle- A muscle located on the posterior wall of pelvis minor, it goes from the anterior sacrum through the greater sciatic foramen to the greater trochanter of the femur.
		The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, it leaves the pelvis through the inferior part of the greater sciatic foramen, goes inferior to piriformis muscle and serves the muscles and skin of the inferior buttock and posterior thigh.
	umed.med.utah.edu /ms1/anatomy/study/ab_defined.html (8056 words)

	Method and apparatus for treating incontinence - US Patent 6659936 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Alternatively, the muscle is venous smooth, anococcygeus smooth muscle, terminal ileum transplanted as a segment devoid of mucosa and having its circulation intact.
		Alternatively, the muscle may be venous smooth, anococcygeus smooth muscle, terminal ileum transplanted as a segment devoid of mucosa and having its circulation intact.
		The muscle is generally in the form of a rectangular strip such that the long axes of the muscle cells are disposed substantially lengthwise along the strip.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6659936.html (9290 words)

	Terminolgy M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		dartos muscle: the nonstriated muscle fibers of the tunica dartos, the deeper layers of which help to form the septum of the scrotumusculus Called also dartos.
		There is an anterior and a posterior papillary muscle in each ventricle, as well as a group of small papillary muscles on the septum in the right ventricle.
		These origins are reflected in the subdivision of the muscle into clavicular, sternocostal, and abdominal parts; insertion, crest of intertubercular groove of humerus; innervation, medial and lateral pectoral; action, adducts, flexes, rotates arm medially.
	www.anatomist.co.uk /Terminology/Terminology2m.htm (8035 words)

	fascia
		of the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles posteriorly and medially.
		The clavipectoral fascia (and the muscles it envelopes) constitute the deep anterior wall of the axilla.
		of the neck; it is divided into an external or investing layer (superficial lamina) that surrounds the neck and encloses the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, a middle or pretracheal layer in relation to the infrahyoid muscles, and a deep or prevertebral layer applied to the vertebrae and axial muscles.
	www.painhealth.com /word.asp?q=15240 (1374 words)

	Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dartos muscle The dartos muscle is a muscle inside the scrotum (the only one).
		Abductor muscle In anatomy and physiology, abduction is the moving of limbs away from the midline of the body.
		For example, the abductor muscles of the human thigh are used to spread the legs apart.
	bonose.com /Muscle-24.html (789 words)

	Foreskin restoration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nonsurgical methods of foreskin restoration are performed by means of stretching the skin, dartos muscle, and mucous membrane covering the shaft of the penis.
		The natural foreskin has three principal components, in addition to blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue: skin, which is exposed exteriorly; mucous membrane, which is the surface in contact with the glans penis when the penis is flaccid; and a band of muscle within the tip of the foreskin.
		The ring of muscle called the dartos, which normally holds the foreskin closed, is completely removed in the majority of circumcisions and cannot be regrown, so the covering achieved via stretching techniques is usually looser than that of a natural foreskin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decircumcision (1131 words)

	[No title]
		This artery passes through the thenar muscles and runs superficial to the long flexor tendons, where it joins the superficial palmar arterial arch, the continuation of the ulnar artery (the radial artery is a minor contributor of the superficial palmar arch; the ulnar artery is the main contributor).
		Because these muscles are not innervated by the median nerve, loss of the functions of these muscles would not serve as a diagnostic test for damage to the median nerve.
		The functions of the dorsal interossei muscles are to (1) aBduct the index, middle, and ring fingers away from the midline of the hand, (2) flex the corresponding metacarpophalangeal joint, and (3) extend the interphalangeal joints.
	www.ucihs.uci.edu /com/class2003/msp/anatomy.xls (6446 words)

	Encyclopedia: Dartos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A muscle fiber (American usage) or muscle fibre (British usage) is a single cell of a muscle.
		Model of the layers of human skin In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system; which is composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs.
		Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dartos (429 words)

	THE DARTOS MUSCLE A Study of its Surgical Anatomy and Role in Variococelogenesis: A new concept of its thermoregulatory ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		THE DARTOS MUSCLE A Study of its Surgical Anatomy and Role in Variococelogenesis: A new concept of its thermoregulatory function - PHYSIOANATOMY - ANDROLOGY - PROF.
		A scrotal ligament could be identified between the muscle and the tunica vaginalis at the lower testicular pole.The structural- functional relationship of the muscle was discussed.
		The role of the muscle in varicocele and in the weight-bearing mechanism of the testical was presented.
	www.micainc.org /profshafik1g003.htm (217 words)

	Anatomy_Exam_3
		The sphincter ureter is skeletal muscle found at the level of the UG diaphragm.
		Colle's fascia is superficial to the bulbospongiosus muscle.
		The dartos muscle is smooth muscle found in the scrotum.
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/sbaldwin/Anatomy_Exam_3.htm (1152 words)

	Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		is a muscle, located in the forearm of humans that acts to extend and adduct the wrist.
		Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm.
		Extensor hallucis longus muscle The extensor hallucis longus is a muscle in the human leg and foot.
	bonose.com /Muscle-20.html (823 words)

	eMedicine - Leiomyoma : Article Excerpt by: Marion C Miethke, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Piloleiomyomas are believed to arise from the arrector pili muscle of the pilosebaceous unit, whereas angioleiomyomas originate from smooth muscle (ie, tunica media) within the walls of arteries and veins.
		Leiomyomas derived from the dartos muscle of the scrotum and the labia majora, as well as those derived from the erectile muscle of the nipple, are classified as genital leiomyomas.
		The arrector pili muscle, from which piloleiomyomas originate, attaches proximally to the hair follicle and distally to multiple attachment points within the papillary and reticular dermis, as well as to the basement membrane.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/byname/leiomyoma.htm (511 words)

	dartos muscle (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dartos is the only muscle within the wall of the scrotum.
		It arises from the layer superficial to the superfical fascia.
		Dartos acts to regulate the temperature of the scrotum.
	www.gpnotebook.com /cache/-711327667.htm (147 words)

	The Prepuce: Anatomy, Physiology, Innervation, Immunology, and Sexual Function
		The male prepuce is formed by a midline collision of ectoderm, neuroectoderm and mesenchyme, resulting in a pentalaminar structure composed of a squamous mucosal epithelium lamina propria (corion) dartos muscle, dermis and outer glabrous skin [10].
		The dartos smooth muscle is specific to the male external genitalia and the vast majority of the penile dartos muscle is contained within the prepuce.
		From the prepuce, the delicate, attenuated penile dartos muscle surrounds the shaft of the penis and is continuous with the scrotal dartos muscle.
	www.cirp.org /library/anatomy/cold-taylor (5643 words)

	Prépuce :: bande striée :: images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although it is less obvious in a photograph, Dartos muscle also causes shaft skin and foreskin to contract during erection.
		The wrinkling of the foreskin is due to contraction of Dartos muscle elicited by retraction of the foreskin and movement of the ridged band.
		The frenulum is a thin fold of mucosa between the foreskin and glans.
	research.cirp.org /pix1-f.html (405 words)

	Re: Why do parents keep doing this? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The dartos muscle, best known as the cause of scrotal skin wrinkles, also extends down the penis under the foreskin.
		This remarkably powerful muscle is composed of smooth muscle fibers that run parallel to the shaft of the penis." (http://www.twbookmark.com/books/70/0446678805/chapter_excerpt15690.html) I found this article to be insightful.
		It is unabashedly written by proponents of genital integrity, however, it is well-referenced: http://homepage.mac.com/dfleary/.cv/dfleary/Public/frenular%20delta.pdf-link.pdf Google will readily produce any number of articles linking the peripenic muscle and phimosis (journal abstracts), and phimosis involves the inability of the foreskin to retract.
	www.talkaboutparenting.com /group/misc.kids/messages/651144.html (337 words)

	Welcome to e-RHAM Website
		This muscle form a septum (wall) dividing the scrotum into two cavities, one testis lying in each cavity.
		Interior to the dartos muscle lies the cremaster muscle which elevates (pull up) the testes during sexual arousal and on exposure to cold.
		During ejaculation the sphincter (rings of muscle) at the base of the urinary bladder is closed, thus urine is not expelled during ejaculation and the semen does not enter the urinary bladder.
	www.e-rham.com /atcls_04.asp (1163 words)

	SKIN AND EXOSKELETON - LoveToKnow Article on SKIN AND EXOSKELETON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The hair follicle always projects somewhat obliquely into the skin, and attached to the side toward which it is leaning is a small band of non-striated muscular fibres called arrector phi.
		It is held, however, by some observers that part of the epiti-ichium remains as the stratum corneum.
		The mesodermal cells belong to the mesenchyme, and form the fibrous tissue of the true skin as well as the arrectores pilorum muscles and, in the scrotum, the dartos layer of unstriped muscle.
	93.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SK/SKIN_AND_EXOSKELETON.htm (5015 words)

	Scrotum
		In male animals, the scrotum is an external bag of skin and muscle containing the testicles.
		The function of the scrotum appears to be to keep the testicles at a temperature slightly lower than that of the rest of the body.
		This is maintained through the cremasteric reflex[?], the gradual tightening and loosening of the cremaster[?] muscle in the abdomen and the dartos[?] muscle in the scrotum.
	www.fastload.org /sc/Scrotum.html (118 words)

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