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Topic: Data Encryption Algorithm

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	International Data Encryption Algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a block cipher designed by Xuejia Lai(來學嘉) and James L. Massey of ETH-Zürich and was first described in 1991.
		The algorithm was intended as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard.
		The processes for encryption and decryption are similar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm (492 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - data encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Until 1976 the algorithms were symmetric, that is, the key used to encrypt the plaintext was the same as the key used to decrypt the ciphertext.
		This algorithm requires two keys, an unguarded public key used to encrypt the plaintext and a guarded private key used for decryption of the ciphertext; the two keys are mathematically related but cannot be deduced from one another.
		Data encryption is regarded by the U.S. government as a national-security issue because it can interfere with intelligence gathering—therefore, it is subject to export controls, which in turn make it difficult for U.S. companies to function competitively in the international marketplace.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/d/dataencr.asp (677 words)

	Data Encryption Standard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a cipher (a method for encrypting information) selected as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1976, and which has subsequently enjoyed widespread use internationally.
		The algorithm which was selected as the AES was submitted by its designers under the name Rijndael.
		DES is the archetypal block cipher — an algorithm that takes a fixed-length string of plaintext bits and transforms it through a series of complicated operations into another ciphertext bitstring of the same length.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard (3996 words)

	NESC9839: PDES, Fips Standard Data Encryption Algorithm
		The DES algorithm is designed to encipher and decipher blocks of data consisting of 64 bits under control of a 64-bit key.
		Data can be recovered from cipher only by using exactly the same key used to encipher it, but with the schedule of addressing the key bits altered so that the deciphering process is the reverse of the enciphering process.
		A block of data to be enciphered is subjected to an initial permutation, then to a complex key-dependent computation, and finally to a permutation which is the inverse of the initial permutation.
	www.nea.fr /abs/html/nesc9839.html (339 words)

	Encryption Algorithms
		Algorithms have a variety of uses in ensuring the integrity of communications.
		There are many symmetric algorithms, the most common of which is the Data Encryption Algorithm, DEA (specified in the Data Encryption Standard, DES).
		Hash algorithms are used to transform a message of arbitrary length into a "message digest" of a fixed, and relatively small, length.
	www.cescomm.co.nz /about/algorithms.html (760 words)

	FIPS 46-2 - (DES), Data Encryption Standard
		Data that is considered sensitive by the responsible authority, data that has a high value, or data that represents a high value should be cryptographically protected if it is vulnerable to unauthorized disclosure or undetected modification during transmission or while in storage.
		The algorithm is designed to encipher and decipher blocks of data consisting of 64 bits under control of a 64-bit key.** Deciphering must be accomplished by using the same key as for enciphering, but with the schedule of addressing the key bits altered so that the deciphering process is the reverse of the enciphering process.
		That is, the output of the algorithm has bit 40 of the preoutput block as its first bit, bit 8 as its second bit, and so on, until bit 25 of the preoutput block is the last bit of the output.
	www.itl.nist.gov /fipspubs/fip46-2.htm (4515 words)

	Data Encryption Standard (DES)
		DEA is an improvement of the algorithm Lucifer developed by IBM in the early 1970s.
		Data is divided into 64-bit blocks and each block is encrypted one at a time.
		So if data is transmitted over a network or phone line and there is a transmission error, the error will be carried forward to all subsequent blocks since each block is dependent upon the last.
	www.vocal.com /des.html (950 words)

	Encryption algorithms
		Encryption is the process of converting a plaintext message into ciphertext which can be decoded back into the original message.
		An encryption algorithm along with a key is used in the encryption and decryption of data.
		A symmetric encryption algorithm that processes the data a bit or a byte at a time with a key resulting in a randomized ciphertext or plaintext.
	www.networksorcery.com /enp/data/encryption.htm (692 words)

	Data Encryption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Still, the methods of data encryption and decryption are relatively straightforward, and easily mastered.
		The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a cipher (a method for encrypting...
		Data encryption keys are determined at connect time between a connection...
	www.data-recovery-guru.com /about/data-encryption.php (214 words)

	A Bulk Data Encryption Algorithm
		The preferred way and the most straight forward is to extend the data by 2 or more words at the head and tail, and fill the new head and tail with a nonce or fresh random data, the same at both ends.
		The security can be enhanced by increasing the number of stages in the basic algorithm from the four given, but at a reduction in speed, however it is hoped that four stages will suffice.
		We have given a simple fast encyphering algorithm, suitable for large bulk data, and for short messages where one key is changed.
	www.cix.co.uk /~klockstone/wake.htm (2074 words)

	FIPS 46-3 Data Encryption Standard (DES)
		A DEA key consists of 64 binary digits ("0"s or "1"s) of which 56 bits are randomly generated and used directly by the algorithm.
		Data that is considered sensitive by the responsible authority, data that has a high value, or data that represents a high value should be cryptographicalIy protected if it is vulnerable to unauthorized disclosure or undetected modification during transmission or while in storage.
		When an algorithm is implemented in software or firmware, the processor on which the algorithm runs must be specified as part of the validation process.
	www.cerberussystems.com /INFOSEC/stds/fip46-3.htm (4383 words)

	data encryption. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The operation of the algorithm requires the use of a key.
		The advantages of asymmetric algorithms are that compromising one of the keys is not sufficient for breaking the cipher and fewer unique keys must be generated.
		In 1977 the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a symmetric algorithm, was adopted in the United States as a federal standard.
	www.bartleby.com /65/da/dataencr.html (520 words)

	Data Encryption
		A data encryption algorithm is a perfect example of such a process.
		In the triple-DES algorithm, for example, an accelerated encryption engine must apply a series of computations to the incoming data, eight characters at a time, and produce a corresponding stream of encrypted blocks.
		Using Impulse C, it's easy to explore alternative implementations of a given algorithm in order to find the best balance between performance and size, and to experiment with design tradeoffs that only the algorithm developer and/or system designer may be aware of.
	www.impulsec.com /application_encryption.htm (205 words)

	Data Encryption Standard - Gurupedia
		The suspicion was that the algorithm had been deliberately weakened by the intelligence agency so that they would be able to easily read encrypted messages.
		DES is the archetypal block cipher —; an algorithm that takes a fixed-length string of plaintext bits and transforms it through a series of complicated operations into another ciphertext bitstring of the same length.
		The benefit of the Feistel structure is that decryption and encryption are very similar processes — the only difference is that the subkeys are applied in the reverse order when decrypting.
	www.gurupedia.com /d/de/des.htm (1710 words)

	New 64-Bit RISC Microprocessor From Toshiba Has Built-In Data Encryption Standard Algorithm
		The new MPU supports the data encryption standard (DES) algorithm, the most widely used encryption standard, and achieves highly secure data transfers in various networking and communications applications.
		Secure data transmission first encrypts data to be transmitted, turning it into unintelligible code, and decrypts it into its original form on receipt.
		Although the encryption algorithm specified in the DES algorithm is common, a unique key for each transaction protects the security of data.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/09-20-2002/0001803605&EDATE= (775 words)

	DES - the Data Encryption Standard
		The Data Encryption Standard (DES) cryptographic algorithm was approved in the 1970s as a US federal standard for use on unclassified government communications.
		The DES algorithm is based on a 128-bit block algorithm developed in the 1960s by IBM.
		The improved algorithm was adopted in 1976 as the standard for securing data on computer or telecommunications systems, and all US Federal agencies (and other organisations that process information on behalf of the Federal Government) were required to use DES to secure sensitive data.
	www.cescomm.co.nz /about/des.html (954 words)

	data security, data encryption,IDEA Algorithm
		Data encryption uses a secret code to scramble information so that it can be read only by computers using the same code.
		The quality or strength of an encryption depends both on the algorithm and the length of the key used.
		An attacker has two ways of breaking a cipher text : he can try to be clever and exploit weaknesses of the algorithm, or he can use brute force and simply try all possible keys until a useful message appears.
	www.zoomgroup.com /mediasolutions.asp (182 words)

	international data encryption algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm) IDEA, unlike the other block cipher algorithms discussed in this section, is patented by the Swiss firm of Ascom.
		Data encryption uses a secret code to scramble information so that it can be read...
		IDEA is the name of a proven, secure, and universally applicable block encryption algorithm, which permits effective protection of...
	www.linkfinding.com /l/international+data+encryption+algorithm.html (493 words)

	The DES Algorithm Illustrated
		The DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm is the most widely used encryption algorithm in the world.
		It is recognized that encryption (otherwise known as scrambling, enciphering or privacy transformation) represents the only means of protecting such data during transmission and a useful means of protecting the content of data stored on various media, providing encryption of adequate strength can be devised and validated and is inherently integrable into system architecture.
		Before DES was adopted as a national standard, during the period NBS was soliciting comments on the proposed algorithm, the creators of public key cryptography, Martin Hellman and Whitfield Diffie, registered some objections to the use of DES as an encryption algorithm.
	www.aci.net /kalliste/des.htm (3738 words)

	Data Security : Encryption Services, Algorithms, and Comparisons of Services
		The SAS proprietary algorithm is strong enough to protect your data from casual viewing.
		A block cipher is an encryption algorithm that breaks down a message into blocks and encrypts each block.
		TripleDES executes the DES algorithm on a data block three times in succession by using a single, 56-bit key.
	support.sas.com /91doc/getDoc/shrref.hlp/sascrypt.htm (791 words)

	IDEA Algorithm - Ascom Systec Ltd. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		- (International Data Encryption Algorithm) is the name of the new, universally applicable block encryption algorithm, which permits the effective protection of transmitted and stored data against unauthorized access by third parties.
		They predestine the algorithm, which is immediately available, for use in a great number of commercial applications.
		The aim of the project was to develop an encryption algorithm which would replace the DES procedure developed in America in the seventies.
	home.flash.net /~aarond/ORDENEX/ideaShrt1.html (253 words)

	Basic Cards have all major encryption techniques built in
		The DES algorithm is the internationally recognized Data Encryption Standard, defined in the ANSI standard documents X3.92-1981 (Data Encryption Algorithm) and X3.106-1983 (Data Encryption Algorithm – Modes of Operation).
		RSA encryption with key length of 1024 bits is not broken and because of that recommended to be used today.
		In the first place, it is specified in the proposed IEEE standard P1363 as one of the approved hashing algorithms for use in Elliptic Curve digital signature generation; and in the second place, it provides a source of cryptographically strong pseudo-random numbers, for the generation of keys and signatures.
	www.smartcardsource.com /crypto.htm (887 words)

	THE "GODSAVE" ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-23)
		Normal encryption algorithms, such as the IDEA encryption algorithm that is used by PGP, apply a single complex function to the plaintext and the key in order to produce the ciphertext.
		Since the algorithm is public this means that even though the data flow in the algorithm is unknown, the operations applied to this data flow are known.
		For example with level set to 10, the algorithm executes between 15 and 30 iterations (the definite number is defined as a function of the current state of the encryption).
	www.tecapro.com /godsave.html (10328 words)

	RFC 3058 (rfc3058) - Use of the IDEA Encryption Algorithm in CMS
		Each algorithm which is used for encryption purposes must be specified by a unique algorithm identifier.
		However, according to [CMS] any symmetric encryption algorithm that a CMS implementation includes as a content-encryption algorithm must also be included as a key-encryption algorithm.
		J.L. Massey) and Ascom Ltd. The aim of the project was to develop a strong encryption algorithm that could replace the DES algorithm.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3058.html (1793 words)

	Encrypting Data [Security]
		The encryption algorithm to use is also specified at this point.
		Note As the data is encrypted, the data may be slightly expanded by the encryption algorithm.
		Include the following in the digitally enveloped message: the data encryption algorithm, the encrypted data, the encrypted symmetric key, and the recipient identifier.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/seccrypto/security/encrypting_data.asp?frame=true (574 words)

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