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	Webmaster.Info : Glossary
		An HTTP cookie is data sent by an HTTP server to a browser and then sent back by the browser each time it accesses that server.
		A protocol that enables packets of data to be transmitted throughout the Internet using the transmission control protocol (TCP).
		Each packet is wrapped with header information that indicates where the packet came from, where it is going, and what part of a whole entity it belongs to.
	webmaster.info.aol.com /glossary.html (1376 words)

	RFC 2198 (rfc2198) - RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data
		If a packet is lost then the missing information may be reconstructed at the receiver from the redundant data that arrives in the following packet(s), provided that the average number of consecutively lost packets is small.
		The use of an unsigned offset implies that redundant data must be sent after the primary data, and is hence a time to be subtracted from the current timestamp to determine the timestamp of the data for which this block is the redundancy.
		Since CSRC data in an audio stream is expected to change relatively infrequently, it is recommended that applications which require this information assume that the CSRC data in the RTP header may be applied to the reconstructed redundant data.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2198.html (2745 words)

	Howstuffworks "What is a packet?"
		Each packet is then sent off to its destination by the best available route -- a route that might be taken by all the other packets in the message or by none of the other packets in the message.
		The header of each packet is 96 bits long and the trailer is 32 bits long, leaving 896 bits for the payload.
		Each packet's header will contain the proper protocols, the originating address (the IP address of your computer), the destination address (the IP address of the computer where you are sending the e-mail) and the packet number (1, 2, 3 or 4 since there are 4 packets).
	www.howstuffworks.com /question525.htm (728 words)

	[No title]
		Application data unit confirmation is useful at the application level, e.g., to inform the application about receiver progress and to decide when to stop sending packets about a particular application data unit.
		Packet confirmation is useful at the transport level, e.g., to inform the transport level when it can release buffer space being used for storing packets for which delivery has been confirmed.
		To apply FEC the sender groups data packets into rounds, and encoding packets are produced based on all the data packets in a round.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2887.txt (6676 words)

	RFC 1976 (rfc1976) - PPP for Data Compression in Data Circuit-Terminating
		packet The basic unit of encapsulation, which is passed across the interface between the network layer and the data link layer.
		A packet is usually mapped to a frame; the exceptions are when data link layer fragmentation is being performed, or when multiple packets are incorporated into a single frame.
		These packets include the capabilities of DCP: Reset-Request and Acknowledge, Compressed/Transparent, etc. Since the packets include signalling, these packets can be sent with an empty data field to signal a reset request if no data packets are ready for piggy-backed signalling.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1976.html (1844 words)

	Introduction to Packet Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Packet radio is so named because it sends the data in small bursts, or packets.
		Data packet technology was developed in the mid-1960's and was put into practical application in the ARPANET which was established in 1969.
		The operation of a packet station is transparent to the end user; connect to the other station, type in your message, and it is sent automatically.
	www.tapr.org /pr_intro.html (2366 words)

	[No title]
		If a packet is lost then the missing information may be reconstructed at the receiver from the redundant data that arrives in the following packet(s), provided that the average number Perkins, et.
		Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 2198 RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data September 1997 It is felt that the complication inherent in distributing the mapping of payload types onto combinations of redundant data preclude the use of this mechanism.
		Since CSRC data in an audio stream is expected to change relatively infrequently, it is recommended that Perkins, et.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2198.txt (2796 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Packet data is transmitted and received through the antenna 24, in accordance with the teachings herein.
		Since the receiver knows from the absence of the LI field in block 1 that packet C is not yet completely received, when the flow change is again signaled in block 3 by the presence of another special value in the Length Indicator field, the remainder of packet C is transmitted and received.
		At the end of packet Y another Flow ID is inserted to again indicate the identification of the first flow, followed by the remainder of packet C, which in turn is shown followed by the start of a packet D that is also associated with the first flow.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=02/73894.020919&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3631 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Because the end-users of RF packet networks are typically charged on a per-packet basis by the operator of the gateway and the wireless data links, it is convenient to refer to the end-users as subscribers, which connect to the RF packet networks through access devices.
		The internet solves the problem of data packets traversing two or more heterogeneous data links between source and destination computing devices, whereas hybrid networking deals with the choice of only one of several alternative RF paths to traverse along a route between the source and destination.
		Input 1 from a network access device to an RF packet network interface 45 represents an error report which is assumed to encapsulate both the cause of the error and an identifier for the transmitted packet which failed to cross the airlink.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/22497.990506&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3927 words)

	Level 0 Instrument Source Packet Description
		The Length word represents data lengths from 1 to 65536, except the minimum length is actually 1008 due to data transmission requirements.
		The Wave Mode packets consist of compressed echo packets (compressed 8 to 2), calibration packets and noise packets, interleaved as shown in table 2.22, below.
		GM Mode echo packets are as described in Table 2.19, Averaging Mode.
	envisat.esa.int /dataproducts/asar/CNTR2-5-2.htm (1245 words)

	OggWrit - XiphWiki
		Decoders should ignore header packets beyond what they were written to support and also ignore extra fields in data packets beyond their current version.
		Phrase packets with long durations should be repeated in the logical bitstream at regular intervals to ensure that a player seeking to the middle of their duration will still see them.
		These packet copies will be identical to their original, including the start and duration fields, the granulepos of the page they reside on will be incremented for each copy to place it forward on the logical bitstream.
	wiki.xiph.org /OggWrit (1388 words)

	USB in a NutShell - Chapter 3 - USB Protocols
		PID stands for Packet ID. This field is used to identify the type of packet that is being sent.
		Token packets indicate the type of transaction to follow, data packets contain the payload, handshake packets are used for acknowledging data or reporting errors and start of frame packets indicate the start of a new frame.
		The function hardware will read the setup packet and determine from the address field whether the packet is for itself, and if so will copy the payload of the following data packet to the appropriate endpoint buffer dictated by the value in the endpoint field of the setup token.
	www.beyondlogic.org /usbnutshell/usb3.htm (1275 words)

	Transfer Data Structures & Macros
		This element is a pointer to the associated transfer buffer which contains data transferred from or to a device.
		For interrupt and control transfers the value has to be less or equal the maximum packet size of the associated endpoint.
		A single requests transfers a data packet up to the maximum packet size of the specified endpoint (pipe).
	www.lrr.in.tum.de /Par/arch/usb/usbdoc/node23.html (1090 words)

	Privateline.com: Packet and circuit switching
		Other packets from other calls race upon these circuits as well, making the most use of each track or path, quite unlike the circuit switched calls that occupy a single single path to the exclusion of all others.
		Packet Video is promising video clips at 60Kbs over conventional circuit switched cellular radio channels, indeed, they say they are platform independent, that is, their technology will work over whatever radio technology a carrier is using.
		But if he maintained that packet could not be substituted for circuit switching in the PSTN because of call quality, well, that man would be right, especially for the times.
	www.privateline.com /Switching/packet.html (2416 words)

	VPN Tunnels - GRE Protocol 47 Packet Description and Use (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The data or payload that is going to pass through the tunnel is given a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) header and then placed inside a GRE packet.
		After the GRE packet has arrived at the final destination (the endpoint of the tunnel), it is discarded and the encapsulated packet is then transmitted to its final destination.
		It is used instead to determine the rate at which user data packets are to be transmitted over the tunnel for a given user session.
	support.microsoft.com /support/kb/articles/Q241/2/51.ASP (934 words)

	Packet Writing
		Packet writing is a term for software that lets you record data onto a CD-R or CD-RW disk directly from Windows Explorer, My Computer, or from the File/Save As section of any computer program.
		Packet writing makes it simpler to create disks, since don't have to learn how to use other CD recording software programs.
		All you have to do is copy or move data to a CD normally, as though it were a floppy disk.
	pages.prodigy.net /jdjd/cdr/packet.htm (1861 words)

	Telecommunications Department
		Data plus is the acronym for Data Packet Link usage Service.
		It provides a common public network for simultaneous use by a number of varied data terminals and computers users, and to facilitate the interconnection of equipment of various origin.
		Dialing access code from a packet user in Data Plus to another international packet user is "0" followed by the Data Network Identification Code and the Called User Number.
	www.telecom.gov.bn /services/data.htm (212 words)

	Packet Radio Data Networks (Linktionary term) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Packet radio is a method of sending blocks of digital information in packets over radio frequencies.
		Several forms of packet radio exist, including amateur packet radio, cellular packet radio, and satellite packet radio.
		Packet radio systems benefit from most of the features of packet-switching systems as described under Packets and Packet-Switching Networks"
	www.linktionary.com /p/packet_radio.html (161 words)

	Cisco - NetFlow Services and Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		NetFlow data export packets are sent to a user-specified destination, such as the workstation running FlowCollector, either when the number of recently expired flows reaches a predetermined maximum, or every second—whichever occurs first.
		Because export data aggregation is performed in memory prior to being flushed to disk, use of a small period parameter results in lower platform RAM requirements, while increasing disk storage requirements.
		The aggregate data included such things as port and protocol data (packets and bytes per port and per protocol) and net matrix data (how many packets and bytes were sent from network X to network Y).
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/ioft/neflct/tech/napps_wp.htm (11264 words)

	OptOut -- Packet Sniffing Details and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		By comparison, a firewall sees all of a computer's packet traffic as well, but it has the ability to block and drop any packets that its programming dictates.
		One disturbingly powerful aspect of packet sniffers is their ability to place the hosting machine's network adapter into "promiscuous mode." Network adapters running in promiscuous mode receive not only the data directed to the machine hosting the sniffing software, but also ALL of the traffic on the physically connected local network.
		This is the packet capturing tool that I have used exclusively for all of my research.
	grc.com /oo/packetsniff.htm (1911 words)

	X.25 Protocol
		The data units are transmitted one at a time with no guarantee of final delivery,and no guarantee of orderly delivery.
		The packet level deals with flow control to ensure that a user(DTE) does not overwhelm the other user with packets, and to maintain timely and efficient delivery of packets.
		The Q bit indicates qualified data, the intention is to allow protocols in the higher layers to set this bit to 1, to separate their control packets from their data packets.
	www2.rad.com /networks/1996/x25/x25.htm (2341 words)

	Exploring the anatomy of a data packet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		PSH—Indicates that data should be passed to the application as soon as possible.
		TCP packets are very complex and incorporate several mechanisms to ensure connection state, reliability, and flow control of data packets:
		Round-trip time estimation: TCP continuously monitors the exchange of data packets, develops an estimate of how long it should take to receive an acknowledgement, and automatically retransmits if this time is exceeded.
	techrepublic.com.com /5100-6265-1041907-2.html (1013 words)

	Fusion Developer's Manual (6378-13): Introduction
		Voice data can be sent over packet networks to compatible computer client terminals, or transferred to other Fusion gateways.
		H.323 is the specification that defines packet standards for terminals, equipment, and services for multimedia communications over any packet network, including the Internet.
		The H.323 stack also includes functions for controlling calls between remote hosts at different points on packet networks (according to the H.245 protocol), and functions for controlling the flow of data through channels on remote hosts (according to the H.225 protocol).
	www.nmscommunications.com /manuals/6378-13/chap1.htm (1048 words)

	Experts Meet to Harmonize Mobile High-Speed Packet Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The meeting explored issues and options associated with harmonization of HSDPA (High Speed Download Packet Access), defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and 1xEV-DV (cdma2000 1x Evolution for Data and Voice), defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2).
		The radio access technologies being defined by the two projects differ considerably, although meetings between the groups during 1999 have ensured a basis for interoperability between systems using the different technologies, as well as for dual mode terminals that will allow users to roam between such systems.
		Harmonization of high-speed packet data ultimately benefits the user, since commonalities in the design of terminals can be expected to reduce costs, simplify use, and facilitate global roaming.
	www.etsi.org /pressroom/Previous/2001/HS_Packet-data_harmonization.htm (1035 words)

	Network Analyzer and Packet Sniffer - CommView
		This application captures every packet on the wire to display important information such as a list of packets and network connections, vital statistics, protocol distribution charts, and so on.
		Being a network analyzer (also commonly referred to as a packet analyzer, network monitor, or packet sniffer), it captures and decodes network traffic and makes sense of it, allowing you to see what, where, and how information leaves and enters your computer -- which is critically important for a secure Internet experience.
		Map packets to the application that is sending or receiving them.
	www.tamos.com /products/commview (736 words)

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