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Topic: Datagrams

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	DRAN Software - IP Group
		Detects the number of output IP datagrams that were discarded even though no problems were encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination (for example, for lack of buffer space).
		Detects the number of input IP datagrams that were discarded because the IP address in their IP header destination field was not valid for the computer.
		Detects the number of input IP datagrams that were discarded due to errors in the IP headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatch, other format errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered while processing their IP options, and so on.
	www.dransoft.com /IPGroup.htm (567 words)

	IP Object
		Shows the number of output IP datagrams that were discarded even though no problems were encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination (for example, for lack of buffer space).
		Shows the number of input IP datagrams that were discarded because the IP address in their IP header destination field was not valid for the computer.
		Shows the number of input IP datagrams that were discarded due to errors in the IP headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatch, other format errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered while processing their IP options, and so on.
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/Windows/2000/server/reskit/en-us/counters/counters1_jcvn.asp?frame=true (578 words)

	Manual page for ip(7P)
		This option forces datagrams being sent to bypass routing and forwarding by forcing the IP Time To Live field to 1 (meaning that the packet will not be forwarded bu routers).
		If the datagram is addressed to the local host but is destined for a protocol that is not supported or a port that is not in use, a destination unreachable message will also be sent.
		Datagrams are fragmented on output if the datagram is larger than the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the network interface.
	www.cs.utk.edu /~cs460.is&r/cgi-bin/group4/collection/ip.7p.html (1249 words)

	Net-SNMP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The number of input datagrams discarded because the IP address in their IP header's destination field was not a valid address to be received at this entity.
		The number of input datagrams for which this entity was not their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt was made to find a route to forward them to that final destination.
		The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded because they needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not be, e.g., because their Don't Fragment flag was set.
	net-snmp.sourceforge.net /docs/mibs/ip.html (1079 words)

	Internet Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Data in an IP internetwork are sent in blocks referred to as packets or datagrams (the terms are basically synonymous in IP).
		In particular, in IP no setup of "path" is needed before a host tries to send packets to a host it has previously not communicated with.
		Packet switches, or internetwork routers, forward IP datagrams across interconnected layer 2 networks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Internet_Protocol (426 words)

	Licensing management system and method in which datagrams including an address of a licensee and indicative of use of a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For example, if datagrams are sent after every hour of product use, the licensee will be billed for the amount equal to the number of request datagrams received by the licensor multiplied by the hourly rate.
		History of license datagrams 6 is an archive of datagrams 3 received from the licensee.
		Datagrams which are retransmitted have the same datagram number 25 as the original.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5940504.html (10496 words)

	IP Group Window (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Displays the number of received datagrams discarded when the IP address in the destination field of the header is invalid (to be received at this device).
		Displays the number of received datagrams which have not found their final destination (at this device) when attempts were made to find an alternative route.
		Displays the number of received datagrams that were discarded even though no problems were encountered to prevent their continued processing.
	www.enterasys.com /support/manuals/Eman3_1-web/docs/dm_at_ip_group.html (571 words)

	RFC 894 (rfc894) - Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Eth
		The procedure for transmission of IP datagrams on the Experimental Ethernet (3-megabit/second, 8-bit addresses) is described in [3].
		Note: Datagrams on the Ethernet may be longer than the general Internet default maximum packet size of 576 octets.
		It may be appropriate to send smaller datagrams to avoid unnecessary fragmentation at intermediate gateways.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc894.html (862 words)

	Sending and Receiving IP Multicast Datagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		That is, the datagrams are not guaranteed to arrive intact at all members of the destination group or in the same order as the datagrams were sent.
		Normally, multicast datagrams are sent through the interface that is associated with the default route, if one is configured.
		Normally, if a multicast datagram is sent to a port from which an application on the local system is reading, a copy of the datagram is looped back and delivered to the application.
	docs.hp.com /en/B2355-90136/ch05s05.html (1063 words)

	RFC 1042 (rfc1042) - Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over IE
		IP datagrams are sent on IEEE 802 networks encapsulated within the 802.2 LLC and SNAP data link layers, and the 802.3, 802.4, or 802.5 physical networks layers.
		This padding is not part of the IP datagram and is not included in the total length field of the IP header.
		Datagrams on IEEE 802 networks may be longer than the general Internet default maximum packet size of 576 octets.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1042.html (4199 words)

	Datagrams Versus Virtual Circuits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Two basic approaches to packet switching are common: The most common is datagram switching (also known as a "best-effort network" or a network supporting the connection-less network service).This is what is used in the network layer of the Internet.
		Datagram transmission uses a different scheme to determine the route through the network of links.
		One merit of the datagram approach is that not all packets need to follow the same path (route) through the network (although frequently packets do follow the same route).
	www.erg.abdn.ac.uk /users/gorry/course/intro-pages/datagrams.html (605 words)

	Packet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A datagram is a self-contained packet, one which contains enough information in the header to allow the network to forward it to the destination independently of previous or future datagrams.
		Thus, no setup is needed before a computer tries to send datagrams to a computer with which it has not previously communicated, unlike with virtual circuit protocols.
		Other packet switched networks, for instance the Internet Protocol, do not require prior setup, and there the two terms are used interchangeably.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Datagram (801 words)

	Networking: Datagrams, Transactions, Streams
		Datagram protocols, such as IP, UDP, or DDP, are the simplest to use, and all other network protocols are layered on top of them.
		Transaction protocols, such as ATP, are composed of sequenced datagrams, often called "requests" and "responses." A request packet is sent repeatedly to a remote host until he receives and acknowledges it by sending a response, adding simple reliablility to datagram protocols.
		Datagrams are simple packets that carry data from one host to another.
	www.codewhore.com /intro2.html (832 words)

	IP Datagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		An IP datagram is the unit of data exchanged between IP modules.
		When the value reaches zero, the IP router discards the datagram, unless it is destined for the router itself, thus preventing undeliverable datagrams from looping endlessly through the network, consuming Internet resources.
		This field may or may not be present in a datagram; therefore, IP datagrams vary in length.
	www.ifb.pl /~mateo/bgp/ip/2917A-16.html (250 words)

	NETBOOK - Chapter 20 Materials
		The router extracts the datagram and retransmits it in a new hardware frame to the next router on the path to the destination; the destination extracts the original datagram from the last hardware frame and delivers the data to the application.
		The fragmentable part of the original datagram (a), is placed in the payload area of fragments (b, c, and d).
		The ICMP message is encapsulated in a datagram, which is encapsulated in a frame for transmission across a physical network.
	www.netbook.cs.purdue.edu /othrpags/ch20.htm (673 words)

	Datagrams and Streams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In modern data networking, it is important to distinguish between datagrams and streams.
		A datagram, often called a packet, is much more atomic in nature.
		It is a small piece of data, often required to be less than a maximum length (typically in the 256 to 2000 byte range).
	www.freesoft.org /CIE/Topics/21.htm (205 words)

	TLC210 Telecommunications III: Video Basics
		The same number of UDP datagrams are required for 24-bit color frames.
		For 256 colors and 1024 pixels per UDP datagram, we have 16 datagrams per frame times 30 frames/sec times 1078 bytes (1024 data plus 54 bytes of overhead) gives 517,440 bytes/second.
		For 24-bit color and 256 pixels per UDP datagram, we have 64 datagrams per frame times 30 frames/sec times 822 bytes (768 data plus 54 bytes of overhead) gives 1,578,240 bytes/second.
	www.sunybroome.edu /~antonakos_j/tlc210/video2.htm (409 words)

	Datagrams and Multicasting (Part 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		User Datagram Protocol (UDP), on the other hand, lets you send and receive individual datagrams, which are a sequence of packets grouped into discrete messages.
		The datagram is limited to less than 64KB of data; a program designed to transmit a file would have to break it up into smaller pieces and send each piece in succession.
		Even sending individual pieces may not work, though, because UDP doesn't ensure that the datagrams would arrive in the same order as they were sent—or even arrive at all.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=22081 (680 words)

	Pocket PC and Palm software available for your PDA!
		Datagrams with Unknown Protocol: Specifies the number of datagrams received that have an unknown protocol.
		Outgoing Datagrams: Specifies the number of outgoing datagrams that IP is requested to transmit.
		Datagrams Unsuccessfully Fragmented: Specifies the number of datagrams that cannot be fragmented because the "don't fragment" bit in the IP header is set.
	www.isimus.com /main/products/iper/manual.htm (1556 words)

	How Remote Access Service Processes Datagram Traffic
		After the designated number of seconds, the gate opens and all datagrams arriving at the server are forwarded to remote clients.
		Because of the difference between the LAN speed and the asynchronous line speed, datagram traffic must be buffered.
		Datagram traffic is not counted in the auto-disconnect time-out.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/97559/EN-US (1166 words)

	Datagrams and Streams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Datagrams have no relationship to any others that came before or after them.
		Although most networking communication uses streams, all Internet transfers are in the form of datagrams.
		Internet streams are actually emulated using datagrams by the TCP Protocol.
	freesoft.org /CIE/Topics/21.htm (205 words)

	[No title]
		This is either one of the IP addresses for which this node is receiving packets, or a null octet-string (''h) to represent that datagrams destined to any address to which the system is listening of an IP version consistent with udpEndpointLocalAddressType (or any IP version, if udpEndpointLocalAddressType is unknown(0)) will be accepted.
		If datagrams from any remote system are to be accepted, this value is ''h (a zero-length octet-string).
		Otherwise, it has the type described by udpEndpointRemoteAddressType, and is the address of the remote system from which datagrams are to be accepted (or to which all datagrams will be sent).
	www.icir.org /fenner/mibs/extracted/UDP-MIB-ipv6-03.txt (866 words)

	Zvon - RFC 1546 [Host Anycasting Service] - Transmission and Reception of Anycast Datagrams
		When a router receives an anycast datagram, the router must decide if it should forward the datagram, and if so, transmits one copy of the datagram to the next hop on the route.
		Because hosts may multicast any datagrams, routers should take care not to forward a datagram if they believe that another router will also be forwarding it.
		When a host receives an IP datagram destined for an anycast address it supports, the host should treat the IP datagram just as if it was destined for one of the host's non-anycast IP addresses.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC1546/Output/chapter4.html (716 words)

	rfc1793 - RFC - Know24.com - The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource
		When a router cannot simultaneously open all of its circuits' underlying data-link connections due to resource limitations, we say that the router is oversubscribed.
		In these cases, datagrams to be forwarded out the (temporarily unopenable) data-link connections are discarded, instead of being queued.
		MC-bit This bit describes whether IP multicast datagrams are forwarded according to the specifications in [4].
	www.know24.com /encyclopedia/rfc/rfc1793.html (8962 words)

	All About Datagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rather, your application might benefit from a mode of communication that delivered independent packages of information whose arrival and order of arrival were not guaranteed.
		A datagram is an independent, self-contained message sent over the network whose arrival, arrival time, and content are not guaranteed.
		The server side is a quote server that listens to its DatagramSocket and sends a famous quotation to a a client whenever the client requests it.
	journals.ecs.soton.ac.uk /java/tutorial/networking/datagrams (152 words)

	Zvon - RFC 988 [Host Extensions for IP Multicasting] - RECEIVING MULTICAST IP DATAGRAMS
		To support the reception of multicast IP datagrams, the IP module must be extended to recognize the addresses of IP host groups to which the host currently belongs, in addition to the host's individual IP address(es).
		An incoming datagram destined to one of those group addresses is processed exactly the same way as datagrams destined to one of the host's individual addresses.
		On hosts attached to more than one network, if a datagram arrives via one network interface, destined for a group to which the host belongs only on a different interface, the datagram is quietly discarded.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC988/Output/chapter7.html (574 words)

	ACE Tutorial 008 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A datagram will fail to open if there is already a datagram listening at the port we've chosen.
		This is because datagrams are UDP and SOCK_Stream is TCP and the two don't cross paths.
		Because datagrams are unconnected, we use the addr object provided to recv().
	www.apl.jhu.edu /~jsl/ace_docs/tutorials/008/page02.html (711 words)

	Zvon - RFC 988 [Host Extensions for IP Multicasting] - SENDING MULTICAST IP DATAGRAMS
		To support the sending of multicast IP datagrams, the IP module must be extended to recognize IP host group addresses when routing outgoing datagrams.
		All that is needed to support the sending of multicast IP datagrams is a procedure for mapping IP host group addresses to Ethernet multicast addresses.
		For a network that supports broadcast but not multicast, such as the Experimental Ethernet, all IP host group addresses can be mapped to a single local broadcast address (at the cost of increased overhead on all local hosts).
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC988/Output/chapter6.html (611 words)

	RIPSO Interface Parameter Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		If the datagram is unlabeled, the router adds the implicit or default label to the datagram before forwarding it.
		All: The router requires all datagrams (both those that it forwards and those it originates) on this interface to contain basic IP security options.
		If you do not select any authority flags (the default setting), then the router does not require a datagram to have authority flags set, but still accepts the datagram if any flags are set.
	www.ifb.pl /~mateo/bgp/ip/2917A-88.html (1360 words)

	Using datagrams in Java
		The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) allows an application to send data in packets with a low overhead and is employed in some important standards, like DNS and RADIUS.
		And when several datagrams are sent to the same address, they can even be delivered in a different order.
		If you need services like guaranteed delivery and guaranteed ordering, they must be implemented by the application as a higher level protocol on top of UDP in the form of confirmation packets, timeouts and retransmission, packet numbering, etc. Or you should consider using TCP instead.
	builder.com.com /5100-6370_14-5099670-1-1.html (1254 words)

	Datagrams and Multicasting (Part 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This conclusion of a two-part series on datagrams describes how to take the strengths of TCP and integrate them into UDP to create a new, reliable datagram protocol.
		The problems with each protocol are based on their strengths: TCP is slower than UDP, and UDP is unreliable.
		Datagrams have some limitations, and before using datagrams to send and receive messages these limitations need examination and prioritization:
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=22080 (488 words)

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