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Topic: Dawes Commission

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	Dawes Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dawes Commission, set up under a Native American Office appropriation bill in 1893, was created, not to administer the Dawes Act, but to attempt to persuade the tribes not covered by the Act to agree to the allotment plan established under the Dawes Act.
		Dawes was convinced that the white man's ways were superior to the historical ways of the Native Americans and he gainsayed the idea of communal property, although he did express sympathy for the Natives themselves.
		Dawes explained that selfishness was the root of advanced civilization and he could not understand why the Native Americans were not motivated to possess and achieve more than their neighbors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dawes_Act (1585 words)

	Establishment of Commission
		Former Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts was appointed chairman of the commission on November 1, 1893 and it was commonly referred to thereafter as the Dawes Commission.
		The Dawes Commission was abolished by an act of Congress of March 3, 1905 and replaced by a single Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes who supervised the large staff involved with the completion of enrollment and allotment.
		The records of the Dawes Commission and the Commissioner became the property of the Five Civilized Tribes Agency under the terms of the act and were heavily used by the agency staff to manage the affairs of individual Indian allottees.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/finalrolls/commission.htm (532 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		In addition to those filed for private clients, the nations filed many appeals from decisions in which the Dawes Commission had admitted new citizens to their rolls, until there were about one thousand such cases filed in the United States courts by the expiration of the period of appeal.
		In the ensuing hearings, the confusion experienced by the Dawes Commission, during the preceding summer, was intensified in the courts.
		Finally, the Commission was bound by all decisions of the Court in subsequent enrollment work, and it received all the decrees, orders, and opinions of that body, which were certified to it before the Court's final dissolution.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /chronicles/v016/v016p425.html (5723 words)

	Printable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Commission reported that the reason the Indian nations were not cooperating with them was because their leaders were personally benefitting from the status quo.
		The Commission charged that although the tribal lands were held in common, a relatively small group of mixed bloods and intermarried citizens were actually controlling much of the most lucrative tribal lands (mineral land and townsites) for their own personal gain.
		In concert with the views of the Dawes Commission were reports from a U.S. Senate Committee which had investigated the Indian Territory in 1894, and the Indian reform delegates at the annual Lake Mohonk Conference in New York in 1895.
	www.chickasaw.net /heritage/print/250_1621.htm (4653 words)

	Dawes Commission - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dawes Commission commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, created by the U.S. Congress in 1893 under the Dawes Act with H. Dawes as chairman.
		Its aim was the reorganization of the Indian Territory by securing the assent of the chiefs to the extinguishing of tribal land titles and by allotting lands to individuals.
		Witness Systems appoints Phil Dawes as General Manager, International Operations; New role to drive major global sales effort for Impact 360, the company's market-leading workforce optimisation solution.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-dawesc1om.html (226 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		In searching the annual report of the Dawes Commission to Congress, we are led to believe that the Chickasaw Commission took rather long in the organization work, as nothing more was heard from them until after the end of the year.
		The authority and scope of work of the Dawes Commission was greatly enlarged and the bill stated, definitely that it was the intention of Congress to form a territory of the area inhabited by the Five Nations.
		Dawes, because of ill health was unable to spend much time in the territory, and his colleagues were compelled to carry on largely without him.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /chronicles/v009/v009p071.html (10089 words)

	DAWES ACT PLUS
		(Dawes Roll) provided for a commission to negotiate with the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw and Seminole Nations of Oklahoma in order to dissolve their tribal governments and to allot their land to each tribal member as individual citizens,landholdings (allotments),were usually 160 acres.
		In cases where the husband was from one tribe and the wife from another, in most cases the spouse would return home to register with her tribe under her maiden name, she may be listed as intermarried with white on her husbands card or listed as parent of children.
		The first commission consisted of Henry L. Dawes, Meredith H. Kidd of Indiana, and Archibald S. McKennon of Arkansas, and was known as the Dawes commission, from the name of its chairman.
	www.angelfire.com /la/brantley/dawes.html (1085 words)

	The Dawes Commission-1908 OK History- Ch. 25
		The allotment of lands in severalty to the members of the tribes by the Dawes Commission, so far as the use and occupancy of the lands were concerned, reserving all minerals for the benefit of the tribes.
		In the records of the commission might be found the history of nearly every family of the Territory that laid claim to a share in the allotment of tribal lands and funds.
		The work of the allotting commissions can now be completed, and there will be left only the final disposition of the surplus lands and the execution of such laws as Congress may enact relative to the disposition of the tribal funds and the removal of the property restrictions remaining upon certain classes of Indians.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/historical/ok_28.htm (4869 words)

	AAA Native Arts - The Dawes Commission and the Enrollment of the Creeks
		The Dawes Commission and the Enrollment of the Creeks
		The commission, which would spend the next fourteen years trying to fulfill its mission, came to be commonly known as the Dawes Commission after its first chairman, Henry Laurens Dawes, the recently retired U.S. senator from Massachusetts.
		Dawes was widely regarded as a friend of the tribes and an expert on Indian affairs.
	www.aaanativearts.com /printout1257.html (1014 words)

	Ancestry.co.uk - The Dawes Commision and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914
		Editor’s note: Below is the foreword and preface from Ancestry’s newest publication, The Dawes Commission and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914, by Kent Carter, Director, National Archives—Southwest Region, Foreword by Curt Witcher, MLS, FUGA.
		However, when the tribal governments refused to cooperate in their own demise, Congress used its legislative power to abolish them and gave the Dawes Commission the almost impossible task of determining who was entitled to a share of land roughly the size of Indiana and worth millions of dollars.
		A study of the Dawes Commission’s activities shows that it is much harder to implement a policy than it is for Congress to formulate it; and also that bureaucracies can produce disastrous consequences even when they have the best intentions.
	www.ancestry.co.uk /learn/library/article.aspx?article=1876 (1331 words)

	Prologue - Prologue: Selected Articles
		Shortly after the Dawes Commission arrived in Indian Territory, the Creeks took a census under an act of the National Council of November 6, 1893.
		Despite all the criticism, the Dawes Commission was only authorized to add names to the "existing rolls" and had to produce a "complete roll within six months that could be used as the basis for allotment."31
		The commission reported to the secretary of the interior on April 15 that "the full bloods of the Creek Nation have been very slow to accede to the policy of the Government.
	www.archives.gov /publications/prologue/1997/spring/dawes-commission-1.html (799 words)

	Dawes Commission
		The Act of Congress providing for the appointment of a commission to the Five Civilized Tribes was the most important law enacted by Congress, looking toward the abolishment of the tribal governments and the settlement of their vast estates.
		By Act of Congress of March 2, 1895, the Dawes Commission (so called in honor of its first chairman, who, as United States Senator from Massachusetts, had manifested an active interest in Indian legislation) was increased to five members, Thomas B. Cabaniss and Alexander B. Montgomery being the new appointees.
		Opposition to entering into any agreement with the commission continued to manifest itself in numerous meetings and resolutions, but as the commission began its task of determining who were entitled to enrollment as Indian citizens, its members were brought into closer contact with the Indians, and feelings of mutual respect and confidence began to develop.
	www.oklahomagenealogy.com /dawes_commission.htm (1221 words)

	THE DAWES COMMISSION
		Both Congress and then President Benjamin Harrison believed that the task of negotiating an allotment agreement with these tribes was too important to entrust to the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Union Agency, which managed the day-to-day relations between the federal government and the Five Civilized Tribes.
		As a result, Section 16 of the 1893 Indian Office appropriation bill authorized the president to appoint three commissioners to negotiate the "extinguishment of the national or tribal title" to land either by "cession" or "allotment in severalty." Thus was born the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes.
		The Dawes Commission, regarded by some as a human tragedy, is one of the most highly controversial subjects involving U.S. government treatment of Native Americans.
	www.obcgs.com /dawes.html (633 words)

	Dawes Act, 1887
		In 1893 President Grover Cleveland appointed the Dawes Commission to negotiate with the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles, who were known as the Five Civilized Tribes.
		Once enrolled, the individual's name went on the "Dawes rolls." This process assisted the BIA and the Secretary of the Interior in determining the eligibility of individual members for land distribution.
		The purpose of the Dawes Act and the subsequent acts that extended its initial provisions was purportedly to protect Indian property rights, particularly during the land rushes of the 1890s, but in many instances the results were vastly different.
	www.classbrain.com /artteenst/publish/dawes_act.shtml (786 words)

	Dawes Commission Index, 1898-1914
		This is an index of the original applications for tribal enrollments under the act of June 28, 1898, and is also an index to documents such as birth and death affidavits, marriage licenses, and decisions and orders of the Commission.
		The Dawes enrollment cards and applications, are part of the U.S. Archives records of the Office of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75.
		Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes / and Title: Applications for enrollment of the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, 1898-1914 - Authors: United
	clanboyd.info /native/dawes1898 (296 words)

	- The Dawes Commission adopted a very narrow view of their powers -Native American Indian Tribes - Over 2,000 articles ...
		Realizing that the Dawes Commission now had the power and the will to act unilaterally, Isparhecher wrote Commissioner McKennon on December 22, 1898, enclosing a resolution of the National Council inviting him to come to Okmulgee to begin enrollment and to negotiate amendments to the Curtis Act with a seven-member commission chaired by Roley McIntosh.
		The commission insisted on using the 1895 roll as the basis for its decisions even though Isparhecher wrote them on October 31, 1899, that it was "not an authenticated one" and that the commission would not be "wisely guided by the census roll of 1895."(55)
		The Dawes Commission adopted a very narrow interpretation of its enrollment powers, claiming that the Curtis Act limited eligibility to those people who were on an authenticated roll or had been added by either the commission or the U.S. court under the 1896 act.
	www.aaanativearts.com /article1259.html (1630 words)

	American Indian Genealogy - Dawes Final Rolls - Genealogy
		The Commission was to negotiate land with the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole tribes.
		This commission was commonly called the Dawes Commission, after Henry L. Dawes the chairman.
		Under the Dawes Commission tribal members were entitled to an allotment of land in return for abolishing their tribal government in favor of recognizing federal laws.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art20770.asp (509 words)

	Indianz.Com Message Board - Hey Steve Help!!!!
		However, because the 1976 and 1999 Constitutions make the Dawes Rolls the sole source of proof of citizenship and all rights tied to it, including running for council, the Court ruled that no other records, no matter how damning they may be, can be used to override the enrollment records created by the Dawes Commission.
		This is a poor construction of the words of the Court and of the significance of the Dawes Commission's records which show, beyond any reasonable doubt, that a significant number of the Freedmen have Cherokee blood ancestry.
		In Anglen, the Court held that the Dawes Commission testimony was enough evidence to prove that Buel Anglen's ancestor was a Cherokee by blood.
	www.indianz.com /board/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=21749 (2083 words)

	Bixby Historical Society - Memory Lane
		The commission was formed and directed by Vice President Charles G. Dawes, he from Marietta, Ohio (Dewey Bartlett's hometown) and co-owner of the Pure Oil Company, Pure Building, 35 E. Wacker, Chicago.
		Bixby, Indian Territory, had to be commissioned as a town, and incorporated, by the Dawes Commission.
		Henry Laurens Dawes (1816 -1903) of Massachusetts was appointed chairman of the Dawes Commission by the president in 1893.
	www.rootsweb.com /~okbhs/stories/wamsley/tams_bixby.htm (609 words)

	CCGSILIB The Dawes Roll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Senator Henry Dawes was appointed the commissions chairman and consequently the commission became known as the Dawes Commission.
		The work of the commission was very slow, until Congress passed the Curtis Act in June of 1898 which provided that a new roll would be created that would supersede all previous rolls.
		The Dawes Roll was supposed to be the final roll of the Cherokee Nation that dissolved the Tribe forever.
	www.ccgsilib.org /Articles/dawesroll.htm (467 words)

	Sample Freedman Documents
		This roll is often spoken of when one mentions the Rolls of the Dawes Commission.
		However, the Dawes Commission sought to prevent further enrollment of descendants of Freedmen, by refusing to note their "blood quantum" a measurement of no scientific merit but was used to exclude people from the rolls.)
		However, there are several thousand documents of the Creek Freedmen, that illustrate that many of the Freedmen, not only were related by blood to their Muskogee brethren, they were removed, by the Dawes Commission, for the sole reason of their having African blood.
	www.african-nativeamerican.com /7-docs.htm (516 words)

	All Things Cherokee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Dawes Commission divided the roll into sections for Cherokee by Blood, which included a blood quantum calculation, and Freedmen, which included no blood quantum data.
		The Dawes Commission allotted a smaller portion of land to Freedmen.
		The CDIB was based on the blood quantum field of the Dawes Roll -- a field not included on the Freedmen roll -- effectively removing Freedmen from the tribe.
	www.allthingscherokee.com /atc_sub_gene_feat_040106.html (714 words)

	Dawes Act — FactMonster.com
		Dawes Commission - Dawes Commission, commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, created by the U.S. Congress in 1893...
		Henry Laurens Dawes - Dawes, Henry Laurens, 1816–1903, U.S. Senator (1875–93), b.
		Bureau of Indian Affairs - Indian Affairs, Bureau of, created (1824) in the U.S. War Dept. and transferred (1849) to the U.S. Indian wars: Wars in the West - Wars in the West After 1860 the wars continued but they now took place W of the Mississippi; the...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0814821.html (243 words)

	a-4essen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Commission t o the Five Civilized Tribes was authorized to determine who was eligible for tribal membership and thus entitled to an allotment of land.
		The Dawes Commission Roll Book, the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes, which is used for Certification of Degree of Indian Blood, was compiled mainly during the years 1899-1906.
		If your direct ancestor was an original enrolled on the Dawes Commission Rolls and you apply for Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood, based on that relationship, you will be required to furnish certain proof such as birth certificate, death certificate, or judicial determination of heirs showing relationship to the nearest lineal enrolled ancestor.
	www.okhistory.org /res/indiancitzen.htm (710 words)

	Dawes Rolls
		Will's application to the Dawes Commission in 1900 was accepted, and he was enrolled as a member of the Cherokee Nation.
		The Dawes Rolls, also known as the "Final Rolls", are the lists of individuals who were accepted as eligible for tribal membership in the "Five Civilized Tribes": Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles.
		The Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes was appointed by President Grover Cleveland in 1893 to negotiate land with the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole tribes.
	www.archives.gov /genealogy/tutorial/dawes (842 words)

	Charlotte and Lee County Genealogical Societies
		The Dawes Commission, was created by the United States Congress in 1893 under the Dawes Act with Senator H. Dawes as chairman.
		The goal of the commission was to exchange Indian tribal lands in the southeastern United States for new land allotments to individuals in Oklahoma.
		The Dawes Commission was also known as the "Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes".
	www.electricscotland.com /familytree/magazine/augsep2004/gensoc.htm (485 words)

	Dawes Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Dawes Commission, named for its first chairman Henry L. Dawes, was authorized under a rider to an Indian Office appropriation bill, March 3, 1893.
		During this process, the Indian nations were stripped of their communally-held national lands, and the land was divided up into single lots and given to individual members of the nation.
		The result of the Dawes Commission was that Indian nations lost most of their national land.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dawes_Commission (422 words)

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