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	De Broglie hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1923 Louis de Broglie claimed that all matter has a wave-like nature and related its wavelength and momentum by the equation:
		The greater the energy, the larger the frequency and the shorter (smaller) the wavelength.
		When the De Broglie wavelength was inserted into the Bragg condition, the observed diffraction pattern was predicted, thereby experimentally confirming the De Broglie hypothesis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/De_Broglie_hypothesis (302 words)

	Thermal de Broglie wavelength - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The thermal de Broglie wavelength is roughly the average de Broglie wavelength of the gas particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature.
		When the thermal de Broglie wavelength is much smaller than the interparticle distance, the gas can be considered to be a classical or Maxwell-Boltzmann gas.
		On the other hand, when the thermal de Broglie wavelength is on the order of, or larger than the interparticle distance, quantum effects will dominate and the gas must be treated as a Fermi gas or a Bose gas, depending on the nature of the gas particles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thermal_de_Broglie_wavelength (431 words)

	Encyclopedia: Wavelength (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The wavelength is equal to the speed of the wave type divided by the frequency of the wave.
		Louis de Broglie discovered that all particles with momentum have a wavelength associated with their quantum mechanical wavefunction, called the de Broglie wavelength.
		Amplitude is a nonnegative scalar measure of a waves magnitude of oscillation, that is, magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium during one wave cycle.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wavelength (873 words)

	Matter Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		De Broglie's matter waves proved to be the justification for Bohr's assumption that electrons maintained stable orbitals at special designated radii and did not spiral into the nucleus because they had quantized angular momentum.
		In 1929 de Broglie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons.
		De Broglie's matter waves were experimentally substantiated by the work of Davisson and Germer when they observed that streams of electrons, after passing through a graphite crystal, produced a diffraction pattern similar to that produced when a beam of x-rays passed through the same crystal.
	online.cctt.org /physicslab/content/phyapb/lessonnotes/dualnature/deBrogliewaves.asp (196 words)

	De Broglie hypothesis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the De Broglie wavelength was inserted into the (Click link for more info and facts about Bragg condition) Bragg condition, the observed diffraction pattern was predicted, thereby experimentally confirming the De Broglie hypothesis.
		This was a pivotal result in the development of (The branch of quantum physics that accounts for matter at the atomic level; an extension of statistical mechanics based on quantum theory (especially the Pauli exclusion principle)) quantum mechanics.
		Note: in (The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) French "de Broglie" is pronounced, which sounds close to "de Broy".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/de_broglie_hypothesis.htm (421 words)

	Louis-Victor de Broglie - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		De Broglie had a mind of a theoretician rather than one of an experimenter or engineer.
		De Broglie was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.
		He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1929 for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons, known as the de Broglie hypothesis or mécanique ondulatoire.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /l/lo/louis_victor_de_broglie.html (285 words)

	The Wave Nature of Matter
		At first, de Broglie had no idea what he meant by matter being waves, either; it was just a mathematical construct that unexpectedly turned out to be very helpful.
		What de Broglie did was to assume that any particle--an electron, an atom, a bowling ball, whatever--had a "wavelength" that was equal to Planck's constant divided by its momentum...
		According to de Broglie, the wavelength is equal to Planck's constant divided by the object's momentum; Planck's constant is very, very, very tiny, and the momentum of a bowling ball, relatively speaking, is huge.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/2000/quantumzone/debroglie.html (1020 words)

	[No title]
		What we shall assume, to determine the de Broglie wavelength, is that the electric current passing through the wire is rather like an incompressible fluid passing through a large diameter pipe, which feeds a very restricted nozzle at its end.
		Since the de Broglie wavelength is seven times larger than the wire diameter, all the conduction-band electrons in a cross-section of the wire are within the first node of each other's matter waves.
		Of course, the wavelengths of these hovering oscillators are much too small (c/f = 3e10/1e23 = 3e-13 cm.) compared to the average separation of "pipe" electrons (1/4.39e7 = 2.3e-8 cm.) to effect synchronization of the hovering frequencies of adjacent "pipe" electrons directly.
	www.infiniteparticlephysics.com /articles/rootmag.html (2677 words)

	Frozen Hydrogen - A Molecular Quantum Solid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Louis de Broglie was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1929 for his postulate that matter has wavelike properties.
		De Broglie reasoned that if light can display wave-particle duality, then matter, which certainly appears to be particle like, might also display wavelike properties under certain conditions.
		The reason for this is related to the ideas of de Broglie; the hydrogen molecules are not well described as just particles or billiard balls, but have observable wavelike properties as well.
	picasso.uwyo.edu /anderson/quantum.html (1228 words)

	Quantum Physics: Louis de Broglie: Confirming de Broglie's Matter Waves / WaveLength of Quantum Physics Biography
		His brother Maurice de Broglie was at that time carrying out experimental work on X-rays and this proved a considerable interest to de Broglie during the first few years of the 1920s during which he worked for his doctorate.
		Louis de Broglie became a member of the Académie des sciences in 1933, and was the academy's perpetual secretary from 1942.
		De Broglie noted that relativity theory predicts that, when such a particle is set in motion, its total relativistic energy will increase, tending to infinity as the speed of light is approached.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-Louis-de-Broglie.htm (4106 words)

	Portrait of an Atom 4
		De Broglie proposed that just as light had been shown to have both a wave and a particle aspect, so might matter.
		Its growth rate in the Bohr-de Broglie picture is additive, for astonishingly, at each new shell the wave is longer than it was in the previous shell by the dimension of the first shell wave.
		The de Broglie standing wave is extended in Snelson's model to provide the required orbital choices for the electron.
	www.kennethsnelson.net /atom/Portrait4.html (1080 words)

	I have heard that humans have a wavelength. Is this true?
		Thus de Broglie supposed that matter might also be related to the frequency of waves.
		The elementary particle of light, the photon, had been shown to exhibit wave-properties; de Broglie wanted to extend this fact to all matter.
		The momentum of a photon, p, was given by the ratio between Plank's constant and the photon's wavelength.
	www.physlink.com /Education/AskExperts/ae307.cfm (830 words)

	Calphysics Institute: Nature of Mass
		In the 1920's de Broglie proposed that just as a wave of light can sometimes act like a particle (a photon) depending on what measurement you make, so too can a particle sometimes behave like a wave.
		He postulated that the wavelength of a moving particle would be h/p, where h is Planck's constant and p the momentum.
		de Broglie's conjecture was that the Compton frequency reflected, in the case of the electron (quarks were not yet discovered), some kind of fundamental intrinsic oscillation or circulation of charge associated with the electron.
	www.calphysics.org /mass.html (939 words)

	Chapter 5: Matter and Waves
		It might surprise you that the de Broglie wavelength associated with photons is equal to the usual electromagnetic wavelength.
		Ordinary objects, such as balls and bullets, also have de Broglie waves associated with them, but the wavelengths are so small that they can be neglected.
		Wavelength is a measure of the length of a wave, and is given by the distance between two consecutive 'crests' or 'troughs' of the wave.
	www.faqs.org /docs/qp/chap05.html (828 words)

	History and Theory
		De Broglie’s wave hypothesis received experimental verification in 1927.
		Both gentlemen were aware of de Broglie’s hypothesis, and they noticed the similarity of their observations to x-ray diffraction.
		It is also possible to express the de Broglie wavelength of a particle in terms of its kinetic energy.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /engin/sem/history.html (618 words)

	Wave Mechanics; Prince Louis de Broglie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		De Broglie presented a more detailed exposition of the ideas contained in his 1923 note in the first chapter of his doctoral thesis Recherches sur la théorie des Quanta (University of Paris, 1924).
		A consequence of de Broglie's reasoning is that a phase wave, often referred to as the "pilot" wave, appears to accompany the particle.
		Given de Broglie's assumptions, quantum mechanics, which is to say the study of the behavior and interpretation of the phase wave, is the study of an inherently relativistic phenomenon.
	www.davis-inc.com /physics (869 words)

	index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		So, as projected by Quantum Physics today, the Compton wavelength of a particle is a seen to be a totally different mathematical value as compared to its de Broglie wavelength when the particle is located in its own rest frame of reference.
		This is why current Quantum Mechanics incorrectly uses: Vo (vector velocity), and the electron’s mass, in the denominator of de Broglie wavelength equation which, when applied to the observed configuration of the electron (orbit) pilot waves that concentrically structure the atom, produces totally meaningless results.
		As the particle’s vector velocity increases, the de Broglie wavelength does not contract (as it is currently misassumed to do by present day Quantum Mechanics), but expands as the particle’s photon spin velocity: Vp decreases.
	www.realityphysics.com (1791 words)

	PHY471 Fall 1999 - HW 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for a billiard ball of 0.05 kg moving at 0.1 m/s.
		Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for the Earth orbiting the Sun.
		Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for thermal neutrons (T=500 K) from a reactor.
	www.pa.msu.edu /courses/1999fall/PHY471/set1.html (188 words)

	The de Broglie Wavelength of a Packet of Light
		In his 1924 doctoral dissertation the French physicist Louis de Broglie suggested that a wavelength is associated with any particle, and it was found that on a quantum level particles like electrons do indeed exhibit wavelike phenomena such as interference and diffraction.
		A dramatic reduction of the wavelength would be possible if all of the photons, as a whole, were divided into two paths by a special beam splitter--a 1,000 photon wave packet of green light would have the de Broglie wavelength of an x-ray, for example.
		Sebastião de Pádua and his colleagues at Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil were able to verify this prediction for the two-photon case (abiphoton) by performing a clever experiment that measures the interference effects of the wave packet after it was sent through a simple double slit.
	focus.aps.org /story/v3/st21 (595 words)

	Quantum Physics
		We can measure the wavelength of a particle but we do not know what is "waving." We do not know what quantity in a matter wave corresponds to the electric field in an electromagnetic wave.
		If the wavelength of the wave was such that the wave did not close in upon itself, destructive intereference would occur.
		Calculating the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is usually incorporated into free response questions dealing with transitions between energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
	www.pschweigerphysics.com /quantum.html (3719 words)

	Beating the sub-wavelength limit (October 2005) - News - PhysicsWeb
		If the de Broglie wavelength is larger than the aperture, the atoms cannot pass through, even if their physical size is smaller than the aperture.
		Since the de Broglie wavelength of the atoms was around 800 nm, transmission through the slits should have been negligible.
		However, by carefully tuning the van der Waals interactions between the atoms and the surface, and also the dipolar repulsion created by optical fields in the structure, they showed that 100% of the atoms should be able to pass through the slits with the help of surface matter waves.
	physicsweb.org /archive/news/9/10/17/1?rss=2.0 (458 words)

	Lecture 4/29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since the wavelength of electrons is much shorter than the wavelength of visible light, they can be used to study much smaller objects.
		The optical microscope would not work because the wavelength of light is much larger than the size scale we wish to study.
		The X-ray microscope has the right wavelength, but X-rays don't interact with matter very much so they wouldn't be very good for something this thin -- they would just pass right on through.
	galileo.harvard.edu /galileo/course/lectures11b/lect22b.html (381 words)

	de Broglie Waves
		In 1924 a young physicist, de Broglie, speculated that nature did not single out light as being the only matter which exhibits a wave-particle duality.
		Relatively straightforward tests are offered by diffraction and interference - if a beam of such ``particles'' were shone at a diffraction grating and a diffraction pattern of a series of light and dark fringes results, then one would be forced to adopt the wave picture for this phenomena.
		We recall that for a good diffraction pattern to result the size of the diffraction slits should be of the same order as the wavelength of the light used.
	theory.uwinnipeg.ca /physics/quant/node6.html (284 words)

	Physics 202 Exam IV Spring 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Use the Bohr model to calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron in the state of the hydrogen atom that has energy -13.6 eV.
		Coherent light with wavelength 600 nm passes through a narrow silt and the diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 3.00 m from the slit.
		The longest wavelength of light that produces photoelectrons from a certain metal surface is 500 nm.
	faculty.physics.tamu.edu /ford/s03ex4ans.html (265 words)

	Re: The de Broglie wavelength of a photon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The measured wavelength (given enough >photons, all of energy, E) is decreased in the ratio 1/n.
		It seems to me the photon retains its usual wavelength and momentum, while the quasi-photon (the quasiparticle born out of the photon-atoms system) has different wavelength*, but violates E = pc (because it is non-relativistic).
		In any case, the de Broglie relation is preserved.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2001-04/msg0032631.html (224 words)

	Electromagnetic Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since the wavelength of macroscopic matter is much smaller than the size of an atom, macroscopic matter never exhibits its wave-like properties.
		On the other hand, if you calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the electron in the ground state of hydrogen, you will find a value close to the Bohe radius.
		In fact, de Broglie used the wave idea to explain the orbits of the electron in the hydrogen atom.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~pberman/20debr.html (369 words)

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