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	Adventures in CyberSound: Gilbert, William, Dr Sir
		De Magnete is a comprehensive review of what was known about the nature of magnetism, and Gilbert added much knowledge through his own experiments.
		His De magnete (1600) propounded the theory that the earth was a giant lodestone with north and south magnetic poles.
		His theory that the earth exerted a magnetic influence throughout the solar system was a precursor to the modern conception of gravity as an attracting force between masses.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/GILBERT_BIO.html (2467 words)

	William Gilbert
		For example, he found that when a steel rod was stroked by a natural magnet the rod itself became a magnet, and that an ion bar aligned in the magnetic field of the earth for along period of time gradually developed magnetic properties of its own.
		Using a spherical magnet and magnetic needle that was free to rotate in a vertical plane that included the magnetic poles of the sphere, he found that the needle dipped below the horizontal (the tangent plane to the sphere) at different angles, depending on its position on the sphere.
		Although he is chiefly noted for his work in magnetism, Gilbert made many important contributions to the science of electricity, ranging from the invention of the electroscope to the study of conductors and insulators.
	www.rare-earth-magnets.com /magnet_university/william_gilbert.htm (634 words)

	De Magnete
		But whenever iron or other magnetic body of suitable size happens within its sphere of influence it is attracted; yet the nearer it is to the loadstone the greater the force with which it is borne toward it.
		The magnetized needle turns to the poles of the terrella, and quits the earth's poles; for a general cause that is remote is overcome by a particular cause that is present and strong.
		Therefore true direction is the movement of a magnetized body in the line of the earth's verticity toward the natural position and unition of both, their forms being in accord and supplying the forces.
	www.udayton.edu /~hume/Gilbert/gilbert.htm (2201 words)

	The Galileo Project
		De magnete, 1600, is the enduring basis of Gilbert's fame.
		There is good evidence that De magnete was completed quite a few years before it was published, and possibly Gilbert devoted these unknown years to his magnetical research.
		Duane H.D. Roller, The DE MAGNETE of William Gilbert, (Amsterdam, 1959), pp.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/gilbert.html (733 words)

	Celebrating the Book That Ushered In the Age of Science
		Dr. Stern, an expert on the magnetosphere, the huge area of charged particles trapped by the earth's magnetic field that envelop the planet, said that Dr. Gilbert was the first to explain correctly why a compass always points north and the first to propose that the earth itself was a giant magnet.
		As part of the commemoration of "De Magnete," the American Geophysical Union held a seminar at its spring meeting in Washington early this month on the impact of the work on the study of magnetism.
		And Dr. Barraclough pointed out, "De Magnete" also predates Kepler's "Astronomia Nova" (1609), in which he enunciated the first two of his three laws of planetary motion, and Galileo's "Sidereus Nuncius" (1610), in which the earliest telescopic observations of astronomical objects were reported.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/national/science/061300sci-magnet-text.html (1315 words)

	Magnetism
		De Magnete was the text in which Gilbert revealed the results of his research on magnetism and attempted to explain the nature of magnets and the five motions associated with magnetic phenomena.
		Since opposite magnetic poles attract, this means that the south magnetic pole of the earth is very near to its north geographic pole [animate].
		The SI unit of the magnetic field is the tesla [T], named in honor of the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) born in a part of the Austro-Hungarian or Hapsburg Empire that is now the independent nation of Croatia.
	www.hypertextbook.com /physics/electricity/magnetism (682 words)

	Selected Early Works: G
		De magnete, magneticisqve corporibvs, et de magno magnete tellure; physiologia noua, plurimis and argumentis, and experimentis demonstrata.
		Separated experimentally the amber effect from magnetism and is thus said to have established electricity as a science; proposed an explanation of magnetic phenomenon that was based on the earth as a giant lodestone.
		Accessit in fine oratio de luxoriosis and prodigiosis nostri aevi coviviis, eorumq; origine autoribus and asseclis, lectu utnec indigna, sic nec injucunda.
	www.thebakken.org /library/books/early_g.htm (602 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pierre de Maricourt
		According to Bacon he came from Picardy, and the village of Maricourt is situated in the Department of the Somme, near Péronne.
		The sobriquet "Pilgrim" would lead us to suppose, in addition, that he was a crusader, The "Epistola de magnete" is divided into two parts.
		Pierre de Maricourt and a treatise on the fall of bodies by Gianbattista Benedetti, The "Epistola de magnete" was later issued by Libri (Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie, II, Paris, 1838; note v, pp.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12079e.htm (519 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth) is a scientific work published in 1600 by the English physician and scientist William Gilbert and also by his partner Christopher Clews.
		From the experiments, he arrived at the remarkable conclusion that the Earth was magnetic and that this was why the compass pointed north.
		De Magnete was influential not only because of the inherent interest of its subject matter, but also for the rigorous way in which Gilbert described his experiments and his rejection of ancient theories of magnetism.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=De_Magnete (318 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Especially important is his view that the magnetic poles of the earth (magnetic north/ south) are not the same as the rotational poles (true north/ south).
		This is important, as previously magnetism was seen as due to the cosmos as a whole, with the celestial poles being the magnetic poles.
		Important in that it suggests that magnetism is a property of the earth and not the cosmos.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /sts/gregory/215/handouts/h09_wg.doc (1590 words)

	William Gilbert's De Magnete effluvia magnetic signal emissions
		Hence atomists used 'effluvia' as proposed emissions of particles said to push bodies about - including an early theory of magnetism in which magnetic particle effluvia from magnets were supposed to push away the air between a magnet and a piece of iron so that the resulting vacuum sucked iron to magnets.
		Gilbert's effluvia signal emission explains gravitational and electric charge attraction decreasing as the square of the distance from a body, as his effluvia signal emissions spread and dilute evenly and the surface of spheres increases as the square of their radius.
		(magnetism is a somewhat more complex effect that does not simply follow the inverse square rule anyway).
	www.new-science-theory.com /william-gilbert-de-magnete.html (1035 words)

	Magnetism before Gilbert "
		Around the year 1000 they discovered that when a lodestone or an iron magnet was placed on a float in a bowl of water, is always pointed south.
		The nature of magnetism and the strange directional properties of the compass were a complete mystery.
		Instead it slanted downwards at a steep "dip angle." This demonstrated that the magnetic force was not horizontal, either.
	www.phy6.org /earthmag/upto1600.htm (478 words)

	BBC - History - William Gilbert (1544 - 1603)
		The magnet - as part of a compass - was to prove invaluable to sailors on treacherous journeys across the world's oceans; ships' navigators could now chart their course with much greater accuracy.
		Gilbert's findings suggested that magnetism was the soul of the Earth, and that a perfectly spherical lodestone, when aligned with the Earth's poles, would spin on its axis, just as the Earth spins on its axis over a period of 24 hours.
		This comprehensive review of magnetism was the first of its kind, and after Gilbert's death, a collection of his unfinished and previously unpublished work was assembled by his half-brother, with the title De Mundo Nostro Sublunari Philosophia Nova ('New Philosophy about our Sublunary World').
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/gilbert_william.shtml (409 words)

	William Gilbert: forgotten genius (November 2003) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In book 5 of De Magnete Gilbert was therefore able to propose a law for the dip of a compass needle at all points on the globe.
		De Magnete also announced a new instrument called an inclinometer, with which navigators could keep a rough check on their latitude in cloudy weather.
		The direction of the internal field, the polarity of a cut magnet, as well as the processes of magnetization and demagnetization are all explored in detail.
	physicsweb.org /article/world/16/11/2 (1942 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| William Gilbert
		He likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the Earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy.
		Since the Copernican cosmology needed a new physics to undergird it, Copernicans such as Johannes Kepler and Galileo were very interested in Gilbert's magnetic researches.
		Duane H. Roller, The De Magnete of William Gilbert (Amsterdam: Menno Hertzberger, 1959).
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/gilbert.html (477 words)

	gp42a in sm00
		However, as pointed out in 1838 by Sabine, the earliest surviving survey of global magnetic intensity, showing it to strengthen away from the equator both north and south, was made by De Rossel during the 1791-1794 expedition of Bruny D'Entrecasteaux.
		In 1977 the connection was made between the microstructure and the magnetic details serving to explain the magnetic property continuum related to oxidation magnetic hardening of the iron ores and featuring the role of maghemite.
		His earliest work was on high-latitude magnetic disturbances observed by the POGO satellites, in some of the earliest surveys of the Earth's magnetic field from space.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=sm00&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/sm00/sm00&maxhits=200&="GP42A" (2249 words)

	Gilbert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In his famous book "De Magnete" (1600), he was the first to describe the earth's magnetic field and to assume the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
		Galileo said De Magnete made Gilbert "great to a degree that is enviable." In Gilbert's work we find the beginnings of seventeenth century experimental observations into connected phenomena, and he provided a starting point for scientists of the next century.
		For example, he considered comets to be wandering bodies without magnetic polarity that could be either within or outside the orbit of the moon.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/gilbert.html (2307 words)

	Expt. IV-6: Charge
		Magnetic lodestones hung from threads were used by travelers and later by sailers to provide orientation when there was no visual landmarks.
		that magnetic attraction between two bodies is not affected by placing between the bodies a sheet of paper or cloth, or immersing the bodies in water, whereas the electric attractions is readily destroyed by such screens.
		Gilbert conclude that in contrast to magnetic bodies, the electric phenomena is due to something of a material nature which the friction liberates from the body.
	homepage.mac.com /dtrapp/ePhysics.f/labIV_6.html (783 words)

	AllRefer.com - William Gilbert (Medicine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He coined the word electricity (from the Greek for "amber"), was the first to distinguish clearly between electric and magnetic phenomena, and published (1600) De Magnete, the most important work on magnetism until the early 19th cent.
		In it he described his methods for strengthening natural magnets (lodestones) and for using them to magnetize steel rods by stroking; he also outlined his investigations of the earth's magnetic field, from which he concluded that the earth as a whole behaves like a giant magnet with its poles near the geographic poles.
		He found that an iron bar that is left in alignment with the earth's magnetic field will slowly become magnetized, and that sufficient heating will cause a magnet to lose its magnetism.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GilbertWi.html (243 words)

	Zum 400jährigen Jubiläum von De Magnete
		In Erinnerung an das 400jährige Jubiläum von "De Magnete" von William Gilbert of Colchester
		"De Magnete" leitete die Ära der modernen Physik und Astronomie ein und und führte in ein neues Jahrhundert, das geprägt war von den großen Leistungen bedeutender Naturforscher wie Galileo, Kepler, Newton und anderer.
		Sie entführt ins London des Jahres 1600, berichtet über Studien des Magnetismus vor Gilbert und gibt eine Einführung in spätere Entwicklungen geomagnetischer Forschung, u.a.
	www.phy6.org /earthmag/Dmagint.htm (350 words)

	Welcome to Chaotic Software
		If you wax nostalgic for those little refridgerator magnets you used to play with as a child, or want to introduce your children to them as well, then Fridge Magnets is just what you need!
		Multiple selection and manipulation of magnets using the shift key.
		Magnet positions and rotation can now be (optionally) saved on quit and restored on launch.
	www.chaoticsoftware.com /ProductPages/FridgeMagnets.html (253 words)

	400 Years of "De Magnete"
		It gave the first rational explanation to the mysterious ability of the compass needle to point north-south: the Earth itself was magnetic.
		"De Magnete" opened the era of modern physics and astronomy and started a century marked by the great achievements of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and others.
		The strange reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity.
	www.phy6.org /earthmag/demagint.htm (498 words)

	Magnet / Magnetismus - Permanentmagnet / Dauermagnet (Ferrit, AlNiCo, Neodym, NdFeB) und Elektromagnet
		Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen: Eine Änderung des Magnetfelds induziert in einem Leiter einen Strom, d.h.
		Fazit: Bei einer Änderung des Magnetfelds wird in einer Leiterschleife ein Strom induziert.
		Wenn Sie sich mit Literatur rund um Magnete und Magnetfelder befassen, werden Sie zwangsläufig mit bestimmten Begriffen konfrontiert, die in den Erklärungen oben nicht benutzt wurden, um Sie nicht unnötig zu verwirren.
	www.elektronikinfo.de /magnete/magnet.htm (2604 words)

	William Gilbert (1540-1603) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On the loadstone and magnetic bodies and on the great magnet, the earth / William Gilbert -- Dialogues concerning two new sciences / Galileo Galilei -- An anatomical disquisition on the motion of the heart and blood in animals.
		De magnete magneticisque corporibus et de magno magnete tellure physiologia nova Notes: LCCN 48-20507: Dibner, B. Doctor William Gilbert, 1947.
		On the loadstone and magnetic bodies Notes: LCCN 58-11680: His On the magnet, 1958.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~mcneil/cit/citlcgilbert1.htm (517 words)

	Terrella (Pepys' Diary)
		Evelyn was shown “a pretty terrella described with all ye circles and skewing all y magnetic deviations” (Diary, July 3rd, 1655).
		Other magnets and pieces of iron react to this orb of virtue and move or rotate in response.
		Magnets within the orb are attracted whereas those outside are unaffected.
	www.pepysdiary.com /p/6792.php (643 words)

	Review of "De Magnete"
		Gilbert accurately noted that cast iron was feebly magnetic, and that long iron rods had magnetic poles at their ends.
		It is easy for us to nod sagely and say yes, the iron captured the surrounding magnetic field of the Earth as it cooled past the Curie point, and those field lines were channeled by its elongated shape, creating a concentrated effect at its ends.
		Gilbert believed that the Earth's magnetism and its rotation had a common cause: the fact that magnetic north and astronomical north were so near to each other seemed too much of a coincidence.
	pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov /earthmag/DMGRev2.htm (1562 words)

	Bibliografía sobre vacío (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		a cargo de Joaquín Pérez Royo, Madrid : Alfaguara, 1981.
		De magnete, magnetisque corporibus et de magno magnete tellure physiologia nova.
		a cargo de de Iñaki Preciado, Barcelona : Kairós, 1987.
	inicia.es /de/aribas/biblio.html (4602 words)

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