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	De Officiis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		De Officiis (On Duties or On Obligations) is an essay by Marcus Tullius Cicero divided into three books, where Cicero explains his view on the best way to live.
		De Officiis has been described as an attempt to turn common men into good citizens.
		Following the invention of the printing press, De Officiis was the second book to be printed -- second only to the Gutenberg Bible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/De_Officiis (727 words)

	Alain de Lille - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He afterwards inhabited Montpellier (he is sometimes called Alanus de Montepessulano), lived for a time outside the walls of any cloister, and finally retired to Citeaux, where he died in 1202.
		The Anticlaudianus, a treatise on morals as allegory, the form of which recalls the pamphlet of Claudian against Rufinus, is agreeably versified and relatively pure in its latinity.
		As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alain_de_Lille (477 words)

	The Ecole Initiative: Ambrose's "De officiis"
		Ambrose's De officiis (often wrongly called De officiis ministrorum) is the earliest attempt at a systematic account of Christian ethics, and one of the most important texts of the Western patristic church.
		Almost certainly De officiis was written as a book, to be read as a new version of Cicero's handbook for a new age (1.29).
		Etude comparée des traités "Des Devoirs" de Cicéron et de saint Ambroise.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/articles/officiis.html (2365 words)

	SHAKSPER: Submitted Papers
		The book I met was one of Wordsworth's schoolbooks, the De Officiis of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a book written in the form of a letter to his son, once known in English as Tully's Offices, but now, since an "office" is the place where you pursue your career, better known as Of Duty.
		De Officiis had been for many centuries the English gentleman's handbook.
		This phenomenon is all the more difficult to understand when you consider the wholesale rejection in the last fifteen years of interpretation of literature by textual analysis in favor of interpretation by means of the historical and cultural matrix.
	www.shaksper.net /archives/files/moral.shakes-1.html (6886 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.7.8
		De Officiis is notable for its relatively colloquial style.
		As D. himself notes, one of the great tensions within de Officiis is that between Stoicism's absolute standard of behavior (nature/reason) and a more traditional Roman view based on community evaluation.
		35 on the underlying conservatism of de Officiis).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1997/97.07.08.html (3776 words)

	De Natura Deorum Libri Tres by Cicero Intro
		Besides the books De Natura Deorum Cicero dedicated to him De Finibus, the Tusculan Disputations, the Paradoxa and the Orator; and called by his name the book De Claris Oratoribus, where Brutus is one of the speakers.
		This hard stroke of fortune alluded to was the death in March, 709 A.U.C. (45 B.C.E.), of his daughter Tullia, his favorite child, to whom he was most tenderly devoted, and whose loss afflicted him most deeply.
		However keep in mind that the various conclusions reached by the editor are in fact almost 120 years old, and that much evolution in philosophical and religious arguments has occurred between then and modern-day.
	www.uah.edu /student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/latin/classical/cicero/denatdeorum.html (584 words)

	Cicero: De Officiis
		This deed does not, to be sure, belong wholly to the domain of civil affairs; it partakes of the nature of war also, since it was effected by violence; but it was, for all that, executed as a political measure without the help of an army.
		The noblest heritage, however, that is handed down from fathers to children, and one more precious than any inherited wealth, is a reputation for virtue and worthy deeds; and to dishonour this must be branded as a sin and a shame.
		To beget children in wedlock is in deed morally right; to speak of it is indecent.
	www.constitution.org /rom/de_officiis.htm (17064 words)

	TULLIUS (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The quotations from Tullius in this tale are mostly from Cicero's De officiis.
		Dame Prudence quotes De senectute, VI.17, Mel 1165; the quotation from "the book," Mel 1176, is from Cicero's Tusculan Disputations, III.30.73; Dame Prudence quotes De amicitia XXV.91 at Mel 1176; De officiis I.26.91 at Mel 1180; De officiis II.7.23 at Mel 1192; De officiis II.5.18 at Mel 1201; from De officiis I.9 at Mel 1221.
		She quotes Tullius, De officiis II.5.16-17 at Mel 1355; De officiis III.5.21 at Mel 1585; De officiis II.15.55 at Mel 1621; De officiis I.25.88 at Mel 1860.
	www.columbia.edu /dlc/garland/deweever/T/tullius1.htm (289 words)

	CICERO, Marcus Tullius and MARSO, Pietro. De officiis libri tre: Books - - Sokol Books Ltd. Antiquarian Book Dealers. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Opening with an 8 leaf preface to Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga (1461), by Pietro Marso, the manuscript comprises Cicero’s De Officiis, a philosophical and pedagogical treatise in three books on moral goodness, expediency and the conflict between right and expedience, written around 40 BC and addressed to his son Marco, then a student in Athens.
		Jean Heynlin, or de Lapide, and Guillaume Fichet were eminent humanists and pioneers of the Parisian press.
		The De Officiis was a classic schoolroom text from which centuries of schoolboys learned their Latin, Henri doubtless amongst them.
	sokolbooks.weblodge.net /product_info.php/cPath/1/products_id/266 (829 words)

	Blackwell Online - Cicero: On Duties
		De Officiis (On Duties) was Cicero's last philosophical work.
		De Officiis has often been treated merely as a key to the lost Greek works that Cicero used.
		This volume aims to render De Officiis, which was such an important influence on later masterpieces of Western political thought, more intelligible by explaining its relation to its own time and place.
	bookshop.blackwell.com /bobus/scripts/home.jsp?action=search&type=isbn&term=0521348358&source=3246541172 (250 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.08.40 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The monograph under review, which may perhaps be described not too misleadingly as a single-issue commentary, tackles head-on and in detail the question of the true relationship of Cicero's treatise to the work of his Greek predecessor (the more neutral word is preferable to terms like 'source' or 'model'), Panaetius.
		Since Cicero in the De Officiis refers to Panaetius in clearer terms than those in which he often names his Greek sources elsewhere, it was assumed that he had in reality largely transcribed the work of Panaetius peri tou kathekontos, adding only a certain (probably minimal) literary superstructure.
		The structuring principles of the books of the De Officiis must be taken into consideration and analysed on their own terms -- an analysis which certainly reveals some Stoic influence (especially in the classification of the virtues) but also shows influence from Cicero's own rhetorical training and often from Roman legal thought as well.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-08-40.html (1767 words)

	De Officiis
		Idque est viri magni rebus agitatis punire sontes, multitudinem conservare, in omni fortuna recta atque honesta retinere.] Ut enim sunt, quemadmodum supra dixi, qui urbanis rebus bellicas anteponant, sic reperias multos, quibus periculosa et calida consilia quietis et cogitatis splendidiora et maiora videantur.
		de Graecis autem dulcem et facetum festivique sermonis atque in omni oratione simulatorem, quem eirona Graeci nominarunt, Socratem accepimus, contra Pythagoram et Periclem summam auctoritatem consecutos sine ulla hilaritate.
		Itaque propter aequabilem praedae partitionem et Bardulis Illyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum, magnas opes habuit et multo maiores Viriatus Lusitanus, cui quidem etiam exercitus nostri imperatoresque cesserunt, quem C. Laelius, is qui Sapiens usurpatur, praetor fregit et comminuit ferocitatemque eius ita repressit, ut facile bellum reliquis traderet.
	www.biblio-net.com /lett_cla/testi/de_officiis.htm (19140 words)

	cameroononline.org :: Cameroon news, Actualité du Cameroun, yellow pages, chat, images, pages jaunes, annuaire, hotels
		Selon des sources officielles, alors que les besoins en poisson sont évalués à quelque 160 000 tonnes par an, la production locale ne représenterait que 120 000 tonnes, soit respectivement 55 000 tonnes pour la production industrielle, 55 000 tonnes pour la pêche maritime et 10 000 tonnes pour la pêche artisanale continentale.
		But de l'agence, qui disposera pour cela de moyens autonomes : « transmettre à la justice tout renseignement au titre de la lutte contre le blanchiment des capitaux et le financement du terrorisme ».
		L'Anif agira sur la base des « déclarations de soupçon » auxquelles sont désormais assujetties quand ils ont des doutes sur l'origine des sommes ou l'identité des donneurs d'ordres, les principaux manipulateurs d'argent du Cameroun.
	www.cameroononline.org /index.php?module=shortnews&startnum=2003 (1150 words)

	Notes
		Eventually, liturgical treatises such as the De ecclesiasticis officiis by Amalarius of Metz or the De divinis officiis by Rupert of Deutz will also have to be taken into account, as well as certain pre-Carolingian Roman documents such as the Ordines Romani or the decrees of Gregory the Great.
		De quibus propheta ait: Qui ore benedicebant et corde suo maledicebant (Ps.61, 4)." Ceremoniae Sublacenses, CCM XI, 1, 30; "[I]d studii psallentes et orantes habeant, quatenus quod ore profertur, mente versetur"; Anselm of Havelberg (tIIS8), Liber de ordine canonicorum, PL 188, col. 1 107B.
		Quod clerici, quantumlibet regulates, non poterunt observare: non etiam in ipsa sollemnitate sollemnitatum, scilicet per paschale festum, quando monachi servant consuetum in psalmis, responsoriis et lectionibus numerum, clerici propter catechumenos de consuetudo subtrahunt et in ipsa quoque missa rectius utili praedicationi quam prolixae cantioni operam dabunt.
	www.luc.edu /publications/medieval/vol8/8ch6n.html (2185 words)

	Rogatio Minia de aedilibus plebis (Nova Roma) - NovaRoma
		In the present law, "aedility of the Plebs" means either the office held by one or more Aediles of the Plebs (hereinafter called also "Aediles"), or the institution as a whole, whatever the number of Aediles of the Plebs in office at a certain time.
		The Arminian law on the functions of the Aediles of the Plebs (lex Arminia de officiis aedilium plebis) of June 2, 2004 is abrogated and replaced by the present law.
		The Arminian law on the cursus honorum (lex Arminia de cursu honorum) of June 2, 2004 is abrogated and replaced by the present law.
	www.novaroma.org /vici/index.php?title=Rogatio_Minia_de_aedilibus_plebis_(Nova_Roma)&printable=yes (1915 words)

	Marcus Tullius Cicero
		Charpin, "A propos de Pro Cluentio I,1," in Ciceroniana: Homages a Kazimierz Kumaniecki, edited by A. Michel and R. Verdière (Leiden 1975).
		Stöcklein, "De iudicio Iuniano," In Commentationes Philologicae, 196-201 (Munich 1891).
		Tatum, "The Lex Papiria de Dedicationibus," CP 88 (1993) 319-28.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/classics/documents/Cic.html (3045 words)

	Cicero: de Officiis III
		Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna; quae declarat illum et in otio de negotiis cogitare et in solitudine secum loqui solitum, ut neque cessaret umquam et interdum conloquio alterius non egeret.
		De quo alterum potest habere dubitationem, adhibendumne fuerit hoc genus, quod in divisione Panaetii tertium est an plane omittendum, alterum dubitari non potest, quin a Panaetio susceptum sit, sed relictum.
		Neque enim de sicariis, veneficis, testamentariis, furibus, peculatoribus, hoc loco disserendum est, qui non verbis sunt et disputatione philosophorum, sed vinclis et carcere fatigandi, sed haec consideremus, quae faciunt ii, qui habentur boni.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /cicero/off3.shtml (10285 words)

	NPNF210. Ambrose: Selected Works and Letters \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There are separate editions of some of the treatises of St. Ambrose, as of the Hexaëmeron and De Officiis Clericorum, in the Bibliotheca Patrum Eccl.
		The De Officiis has also been edited, with considerable improvements in the text, by Krabinger, Tübingen, 1857, and the De Fide and De Pœnitentia, by Hurter in the Vienna selections from the Fathers.
		Paulinus, who had been in constant attendance on St. Ambrose, and was with him at his death, wrote this life a few years after that event, at the request of St. Augustine.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf210.iii.i.html (533 words)

	Cicero Quotes and Quotations compiled by GIGA
		Care should be taken that the punishment does not exceed the guilt; and also that some men do not suffer for offenses for which others are not even indicted.
		Let war be so carried on that no other object may seem to be sought but the acquisition of peace.
		Guilt is present in the very hesitation, even though the deed be not committed.
	www.giga-usa.com /gigaweb1/quotes2/quautcicerox011.htm (635 words)

	Amazon.com: De Officiis (Oxford Classical Texts, Latin Edition): Books: Cicero,M. Winterbottom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		BL Completely new edition of a key Latin text Background The De Officiis (`On Duties'), written hurriedly not long before Cicero's death, has always commanded attention.
		It is based on the moral philosophy of the Greek Stoic Panaetius; but Cicero adapted the material to his audience in such a way that the book stands as an invaluable witness to Roman attitudes and behaviour.
		De Oficiis shows you how to lead a moral life, as a father would tell his son (in fact, this work is a series of libelli written from Cicero to his own son).
	www.amazon.com /Officiis-Oxford-Classical-Texts-Latin/dp/0198146736 (1192 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Divine Office
		The expression "officium divinum" is used in the same sense by the Council of Aix-la-Chapelle (800), the IV Lateran (1215), and Vienne (1311); but it is also used to signify any office of the Church.
		Thus Walafrid Strabo, Pseudo-Alcuin, Rupert de Tuy entitle their works on liturgical ceremonies "De officiis divinis".
		Hittorp, in the sixteenth century, entitled his collection of medieval liturgical works "De Catholicæ Ecclesiæ divinis officiis ac ministeriis" (Cologne, 1568).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11219a.htm (1261 words)

	Amazon.com: Cicero, Volume XXI. On Duties (De Officiis): De Officiis (Loeb Classical Library No. 30): Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		De Officiis, or "On Duties," was the second book printed on Gutenberg's printing press.
		The reason is that those great books are religious texts, claimed by those sects to be inspired by God, which is why they are incredible to many who are not members of that particular faith.
		But Cicero's De Officiis is recognized by all-because it is a secular book.
	www.amazon.com /Cicero-XXI-Duties-Officiis-Classical/dp/0674990331 (1087 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The De Officiis has also been edited, with considerable improvements in the text, by Krabinger, Tübingen, 1857, and the De Fide and De Poenitentia, by Hurter in the Vienna selections from the Fathers.
		Gratian, on his way back from Thrace, requests St. Ambrose to come to meet him and receives the first two books of the treatise De Fide, and asks for a further one of the Holy Spirit; the latter was written two years later.
		It was written probably before the De Officiis and De Abraham, but after the works on Paradise and Cain and Abel, though the exact date cannot be determined.
	www.bible.ca /history/fathers/NPNF2-10/Npnf2-10-04.htm (7115 words)

	Cicero De Officiis I (tekst)
		Nam aut inimicitias aut laborem aut sumptus suscipere nolunt aut etiam neglegentia, pigritia, inertia aut suis studiis quibusdam occupationibusve sic impediuntur, ut eos, quos tutari debeant, desertos esse patiantur.
		Deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare, falsa praesertim, et cum inrisione audientium imitari militem gloriosum.
		Modus autem est optimus decus ipsum tenere, de quo ante diximus, nec progredi longius.
	www.koxkollum.nl /cicero/officiisI.htm (13207 words)

	Zarecki: Caesar's Legacy in the De Officiis
		The rector rei publicae, the ideal statesman presented in the De Republica, has been largely ignored by modern scholarship.
		Cicero's comments at De Officiis 2.2-3 reveal that the orator believed Rome had veered dangerously from the ideals of traditional patriotism towards a kind of egotistical quest for glory and self-enrichment, one that had led to the permanent establishment of tyranny in Rome.
		Cicero's final judgment of Caesar as presented in the De Officiis presents him as the antithesis of the rector rei publicae described in the De Republica.
	www.camws.org /meeting/2006/abstracts/zarecki.html (305 words)

	Reading List for Graduate Program in Classics at Brown University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For example, you might read other works by a given writer than the ones named here (.e.g., Cicero's De officiis in place of De natura deorum), substitute roughly comparable writers (e.g., Themistius for Libanius) or read more of one author and less of another (e.g., more Persius, less Juvenal).
		Although the Greek and Latin sight exams are drawn from authors on the reading list, those exams are intended to determine your ability to read the languages at sight rather than to recall passages read previously.
		Caesar, De Bello Gallico, De Bello Civili Bk.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Classics/readinglist.htm (625 words)

	Panaetius II
		Schneider's indexing, which is still available in his online version of De Officiis at www.stoics.com.
		Those, on the other hand, whose humble and obscure origin has kept them unknown to the world in their early years ought, as soon as they approach young manhood, to set a high ideal before their eyes and to strive with unswerving zeal towards its realization.
		The emphasis on guarding property as the motive for creating the state contrasts with the indubitable Panaetian account of the social instinct natural to the human being at 1.12, where protection of property is unmentioned, or the description of the benefits through the building of cities and founding of laws.
	www.wku.edu /~jan.garrett/stoa/panaeti2.htm (9107 words)

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