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Topic: De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

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Copernicus

	De revolutionibus orbium coelestium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (English: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, Polish: O obrotach sfer niebieskich) is the seminal work on heliocentric theory and the masterpiece of the great Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
		De revolutionibus starts with an anonymous foreword stating that the whole work is only a simple hypothesis, implying that it might only be fantastic speculation.
		Gingerich: An annotated census of Copernicus' De revolutionibus (Nuremberg, 1543 and Basel, 1566).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium (1142 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus : Information and resources about Nicolaus Copernicus : School Work Guru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Legend says that the first printed copy of De revolutionibus was put in Copernicus's hands the same day of his death, so that he could say goodbye to his opus vitae.
		Copernicus' major theory was published in the book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ("On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres") in the year of his death 1543, even though he had arrived at it several decades earlier.
		Until 1543, the year that Copernicus died, and the year in which his de Revolutionibus was published, and for many years afterwards, Copernicus' description of the motion of the Earth was not ratified by empirical evidence.
	www.schoolworkguru.org /encyclopedia/n/ni/nicolaus_copernicus.html (4550 words)

	Copernicus' De Revolutionibus
		Solar Physicists : Copernicus > Copernicus' De Revolutionibus
		De Revolutionibus was suspended pending minor corrections following the 1616 Roman decree against Copernicanism.
		Following the controversy over the world systems, culminating with the publication of Galileo's Dialogues and his subsequent trial by the Roman Inquisition, the book was banned, and remained on the Index of prohibited books until 1835.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/derevolutionibus.html (304 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under strong pressure from Rheticus, and having seen that the first general reception of his work had not been unfavorable, Copernicus finally agreed to give the book to his close friend Tiedemann Giese, bishop of Chełmno (Kulm), to be delivered to Rheticus for printing in Nuremberg (Nürnberg).
		Legend says that the first printed copy of De revolutionibus was placed in Copernicus' hands on the day he died, so that he could take farewell of his opus vitae.
		Copernicus' major theory was published in the book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in the year of his death, 1543, though he had arrived at his theory several decades earlier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus (4110 words)

	Copernicus's Book
		Title page of Copernicus, De Revolutionibus, the last two words in the title, 'celestium orbium' were added without the knowledge of the author or editor, Rheticus.
		When it was finally published in March 1543, the De Revolutionibus contained an anonymous letter to the reader and two additional words to the title, celestium orbium ('of the celestial orbs'), which neither the author or Rheticus had intended.
		The De Revolutionibus was placed on the Index of Prohibited Books in 1616 as a result of the Galileo affair, but because of its contribution to the Calendrical Reform, it was not proscribed, but was to be expurgated.
	www.hps.cam.ac.uk /starry/coperbooks.html (688 words)

	De revolutionibus -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Limburg, Pol de, Hermann de Limburg, Jehanequin de Limburg
		British airplane designer and manufacturer Geoffrey De Havilland was born in Buckinghamshire on July 27, 1882, and was the uncle of actresses Joan Fontaine and Olivia de Havilland.
		Beautiful and witty, Madame de Sévigné has been called the “queen of letter writers.” She was born in Paris on Feb. 5, 1626, and was christened Marie.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9113642 (804 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - An Outline of The Copernican Revolution
		To Protestants, works like De Revolutionibus likely represented the sort of esoteric dialectic subtleties that the Catholics had (in their view) been using for centuries to obfuscate pure Christian theology as represented by the biblical literalism of men like Luther and Calvin.
		De Revolutionibus was still taught at Catholic universities up to 60 years after Copernicas’ death.
		In fact, De Revolutionibus was itself a product of the latitude given to members of the clergy to study and understand nature.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A997347 (2076 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus De Revolutionibus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognised as one of the most influential scientific works of all time.
		De revolutionibus was placed on the Index of Prohibited Books in 1616.
		An annotated census of Copernicus’ De Revolutionibus (Nuremberg, 1543 and Basel, 1566).
	www.library.rdg.ac.uk /colls/special/featureditem/copernicus (963 words)

	Copernicus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		All this is suggested by the systematic procession of events and the harmony of the whole Universe, if only we face the facts, as they say, `with both eyes open'.
		It gives a full account of the Copernican theory, namely that the Sun (not the Earth) is at rest in the centre of the Universe..
		Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres).
	www.livingmath.net /MathHistory/Copernicus.html (118 words)

	PORCELAINIA/Tretis de Lumen/877 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Copernicus' De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium - "The Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" was a landmark book in history.
		Published in the year of his death, (1543) Copernicus' De Revolutionibus gave a revolutionary new blueprint for the planetary system.
		The earth was no longer in the center of the cosmos, but was in a celestial sphere itself, spinning on its axis every twenty-four hours and circling around a distant sun.
	www.porcelainia.com /877.html (87 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Copernican System
		The result was De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ("On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs"), which was published in Nuremberg in 1543, the year of his death.
		But in the first book, Copernicus stated that the Sun was the center of the universe and that the Earth had a triple motion[1] around this center.
		The reason for this delay was that, on the face of it, the heliocentric cosmology was absurd from a common-sensical and a physical point of view.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/theories/copernican_system.html (2158 words)

	Harvard Science Historian Publishes Results of Unprecedented 30-Year Census of Copernican Masterpiece \| SpaceRef - Your ...
		First published in 1543, Nicholas Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium introduced the world to the concept of a heliocentric, or sun-centered, universe.
		But, the Inquisition decided not to ban De revolutionibus outright because its observations might be needed in the future to adjust the Gregorian calendar.
		Gingerich found that about 60 percent of the copies of De revolutionibus in Italy at the time of the decree were "corrected." However, virtually none of the copies outside Italy were touched.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=9568 (896 words)

	Concerning Things Revolutionary
		In his 1320 Commentary on the Sentences, Franciscus de Marchia begins his approach to the question with a critique of Aristotle's tortured explanation of projectile motion, which had consecutive vortices jerking the object along.
		But "it also de facto offered a model of transcendence transferred into immanence, and thus preformed, with the idea of the deposited treasure of salvation and the delegated disposition over it, the possibility of a world that is substantially lasting in and of itself."
		Franciscus de Marchia retains the Intelligences to help move the spheres, but lest he attribute infinite motion to these creatures, he takes the less evil course and says the motions of the heavens are mutable.
	www.lectorprep.org /ready_for_copernicus.html (3064 words)

	Orbits
		Although orbits were discussed by the Greeks they were attempting to derive orbits for the planets round the Earth so are of little interest to us in this article although the method of epicycles is an early application of Fourier series.
		The first to propose a system of planetary orbits which would set the scene for major advances was Copernicus who in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543), argued that the planets and the Earth were in orbit round the Sun.
		Although a major breakthrough, Copernicus proposed circular orbits for the planets and accurate astronomical observations soon began to show that his proposal was not strictly accurate.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Orbits.html (4392 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus
		Copernicus seems to have been benefited in the bishops who were his superiors in the church - Johann Dantiscus[?] (1485 - 1548) and Tiedmann Giese (1480- 1550).
		Copernicus was Polish, although there is some debate on the subject among ethnic nationalists (see Copernicus' nationality).
		The Copernican Universe from the De Revolutionibus (http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Images/Astro/Conceptions/copernican_universe.gif)
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ni/Nicolas_Copernicus.html (4266 words)

	US Studies
		Nicolaus Copernicus is probably best known for the publishing of his major work De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium and his demonstrations of the heliocentric theory.
		However, he held off publication of his major work, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, because he wasn't sure if such secrets should be revealed.
		Copernicus had finished De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium in 1530, but a Lutheran printer in Nuremberg, Germany didn't publish it until 1543.
	www.uhigh.ilstu.edu /soc/us/TLrpt.html (4039 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1497 Copernicus' uncle was ordained Bishop of Warmia, and Copernicus was named a canon at Frombork (Frauenburg) Cathedral, but he waited in Italy for the great Jubilee of 1500.
		Image:Kopernikus nikolaus krakau.jpg The book marks the beginning of the shift away from a geocentric (and anthropocentric) universe with the Earth at its center.
		Image:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.jpg Main article: De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Copernicus (3536 words)

	Full text - Nicholas Copernicus, "De Revolutionibus (On the Revolutions)," 1543 C.E.
		That Nicholas Copernicus delayed until near death to publish De revolutionibus has been taken as a sign that he was well aware of the possible furor his work might incite; certainly his preface to Pope Paul III anticipates many of the objections it raised.
		But he could hardly have anticipated that he would eventually become one of the most famous people of all time on the basis of a book that comparatively few have actually read (and fewer still understood) in the 450 years since it was first printed.
		Most of De revolutionibus requires a great deal of the modem reader, since sixteenth century methods of mathematical proofs are quite foreign to us; this is evident in the section of Book VI that is included.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/year-text-Copernicus.html (18542 words)

	Calvin and the Astronomical Revolution
		First of all, Copernicus set forth his theory in systematic form in the work De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, which was not published until Copernicus was on his deathbed.
		Copernicus was not excusing this work by saying that it was only a mathematical construct; he truly believed that this theory described the actual construction of the universe.
		Osiander believed that the work of astronomers was simply to "save the phenomena"; that is, astronomers were properly concerned only with being able to predict the motion of the heavenly bodies, without necessarily making any claim on the physical construction of the universe.
	www.nd.edu /~mdowd1/postings/CalvinAstroRev.html (5552 words)

	Copernicus
		It is equally clear that his fame as an astronomer was well known for when the Fifth Lateran Council decided to improve the calendar, which was known to be out of phase with the seasons, the Pope appealed to experts for advice in 1514, one of these experts was Copernicus.
		Some are appalled at this gigantic piece of deception by Osiander, as Rheticus was at the time, others feel that it was only because of Osiander's Preface that Copernicus's work was read and not immediately condemned.
		In De revolutionibus Copernicus states several reasons why it is logical that the sun would be at the centre of the universe:-
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Copernicus.html (3196 words)

	Copernicus, Brahe & Kepler
		A key figure in the origins of the seventeenth-century scientific revolution was Nikolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), a Polish clergyman, who wrote De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the revolution of the the celestial orbs) arguing that the earth revolves around the sun.
		Copernicus was not much of a writer, De Revolutionibus was almost unreadable.
		Kepler sent a copy of the Mysterium to Tycho de Brahe, who recognized Kepler's abilities and from 1600 employed him as his assistant.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-182.htm (1106 words)

	Stealing Copernicus
		For De revolutionibus, as it is more commonly known, was the book in which Copernicus first presented the heliocentric model of the solar system.
		Instead of De revolutionibus, which was Copernicus's title, the printed version read De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.
		For the most part, scholars seemed to view De revolutionibus in much the way that Andreas Osiander suggested in his unauthorized preface: not so much as a theory of how things really were, but rather as a useful piece of mathematics that happened to be based on a particular hypothesis.
	www.maa.org /devlin/devlin_3_00.html (2972 words)

	Harvard science historian publishes results of unprecedented 30-year census of Copernican masterpiece
		First published in 1543, Nicholas Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium introduced the world to the concept of a sun-centered universe.
		Starting in the 1970s, researcher Owen Gingerich began surveying all known copies of this work from its first two printings in 1543 and 1566.
		He compiled his results into An Annotated Census of Copernicus' De Revolutionibus, which describes the provenances, annotations and margin notes, and condition of all surviving 16th-century copies of this major Renaissance text.
	www.researchmatters.harvard.edu /story.php?article_id=535 (279 words)

	Translating Copernicus's De revolutionibus -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		More results on "Translating Copernicus's De revolutionibus" when you join.
		Located at 10° N, 20° W, near the southern rim of the Imbrium Basin (Mare Imbrium) impact structure, Copernicus measures 93 km (58 miles) in diameter and is a source of radial bright rays, light-coloured streaks on the lunar surface...
		French scientist and author Bernard le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle, was described by fellow French philosopher Voltaire as the most universal mind produced by the era of Louis XIV.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9119721 (789 words)

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