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Topic: Dead bodies and health risks

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Exhumation

Burial

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	Body - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dead bodies of vertebrate animals and insects are sometimes called carcasses.
		The human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, two arms, two legs and the genitals of the groin, which differ between males and females.
		A body is also a held-together collection or group of physical objects or abstract ideas, and in particular an organisation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Body (287 words)

	WHO \| Disposal of dead bodies in emergency conditions
		The widespread belief that corpses pose a risk of communicable disease is wrong.
		Relief workers should respect the wishes of the families and communities of the dead to observe whatever cultural and religious events are usually practised on death.
		To minimise the distress caused by the sight of dead bodies and the odours produced by their decomposition, it is important to collect and remove corpses to a collection point as quickly as possible.
	www.who.int /water_sanitation_health/hygiene/envsan/tn08/en (1325 words)

	Dead bodies and health risks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After catastrophes with extensive loss of life due to trauma, much resource is often expended on burying the dead quickly, and applying disinfectant to bodies, to prevent disease.
		According to health professionals the fear of bodies spreading disease is not justified.
		Amongst others, Steven Rottman, director of the UCLA Center for Public Health and Disasters, said that no scientific evidence existed that bodies of disaster victims increased the risk of epidemics, adding that cadavers in fact posed less risk of contagion than living people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dead_bodies_and_health_risks (275 words)

	BODY :: FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual, and contrasts with soul,
		cell are not normally regarded as possessing a body.
		Necrophilia, Respect for the dead, Dead bodies and health risks
	www.splammer.com /?req=body (222 words)

	Disaster Relief and Health Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dead or decayed human bodies do not generally create a serious health hazard, unless they are polluting sources of drinking-water with faecal matter, or are infected with plague or typhus, in which case they may be infested with the fleas or lice that spread these diseases.
		The myth that dead bodies cause a major risk of disease, as reiterated in all large natural disasters from the earthquake in Managua, Nicaragua (1972) to Hurricane Mitch and now the Turkish earthquake, is just that, a myth.
		The real challenging argument for the appropriate management of dead bodies is the recognition that identification and proper disposal of a dead body—if not clearly and unambiguously in legal terms a basic human right—is at least a basic human need.
	www.jewish-funerals.org /disaster.htm (1075 words)

	Man and His Gods
		In some localities the body was preserved by treatment with oil of cedar, myrrh, cinnamon and other drugs and spices, in others it was steeped in bitumen or, more rarely, placed in honey which preserved it almost unchanged, or in natron, a natural mixture of salt and soda which simply pickled it.
		The body was placed in the bottom of the rock pit, the top of which was closed by a roof of poles and brushwood overlaid with sand so that it resembled the desert landscape.
		The dead king was furnished jewels, rings, armlets, anklets of silver and gold, necklaces of cornelian, jasper, mother-of-pearl, lapis lazuli, amethyst, sardonyx, onyx, agate or garnet, as well as furniture elaborately decorated with painted carving, jewels and gold.
	www.positiveatheism.org /hist/homer1b.htm (6865 words)

	peter harvey
		The primary problems and risks associated with dead bodies are social and political, not health-related.
		Risks from embalming fluids, such as formaldehyde, entering the groundwater are slight since 4 per cent formaldehyde solution is usually used and most of this degrades in the body and soil before reaching the water table.
		Perhaps the biggest risk associated with dead bodies is that to the mental health of the affected population.
	www.lshtm.ac.uk /dcvbu/ehg/peter_harvey.htm (1584 words)

	WWW Virtual Library: Sri Lanka Tsunami disaster - Mass graves not necessary for tsunami victims
		Bodies should always be buried in a way that allows for later exhumation, says the report.
		The tragedy is that this concern about the health risk posed by the dead is misplaced.
		Bodies should always be buried in a way that allows for later exhumation, says the PAHO report.
	www.lankalibrary.com /news/massgraves.htm (776 words)

	After natural disasters, the risk of infection, epidemics from dead bodies is negligible
		Fears that dead bodies will cause widespread infection following a natural disaster are largely baseless and often lead to mistreatment of the bodies that unnecessarily adds to the suffering of the surviving friends and family members of victims, according to a scientific article that provides the first-ever comprehensive review of this subject.
		While the risks for rescue workers who handle dead bodies are higher than for the survivors of a disaster, those risks can be limited through a set of simple measures.
		While respect for the dead is a value deeply ingrained in all cultures and religions, “it can be difficult to separate respect for the deceased from the deep fear of death itself that is common to all human beings,” the editorial notes.
	www.eurekalert.org /emb_releases/2004-06/paho-and052504.php (742 words)

	[No title]
		Dead bodies must be managed in such a way that it is eventually possible to identify them, say PAHO experts.
		Dead bodies pose less risk of contagion than a person who is alive and infected.
		The identification of bodies is a technical process to be carried out regardless of their numbers, in accordance with established procedures.
	www.paho.org /English/DD/PIN/pr040923.htm (659 words)

	Dead bodies do not pose health risk in natural disasters -- Gottlieb 328 (7452): 1336 -- BMJ
		Fears about the dangers that dead bodies pose to the survivors of natural disasters are mistaken— and may be compounding health problems in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, the two Caribbean countries where recent flooding has caused hundreds of deaths.
		This indicates that the risk that dead bodies pose for the public is extremely small.
		He concludes: “The issue is how those informed health professionals can and should stand up to the pressure of public opinion and protect the rights of the survivors when fears of the unknown are running rampant and officials seek an easy way to alleviate them,” he concludes.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/328/7452/1336-b (513 words)

	New Scientist Dead bodies pose no epidemic threat, say experts - Breaking News
		The World Health Organization is warning that cholera, dysentery, malaria and other infectious diseases could kill a further 150,000 homeless survivors who lack clean water, food or sanitation.
		But if bodies are simply dumped in mass graves relatives never know what happened to their loved ones, which can also cause long-term distress.
		In relatively prosperous Thailand, bodies are being buried with identifying tags in ways that allow later recovery, and tissue samples are being frozen for DNA analysis.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/earth/tsunami/dn6849 (581 words)

	Outside The Beltway : Dead Bodies Pose Little Disease Risk
		His point is that, contrary to the conventional wisdom (and my own understanding), it is not necessary to bury bodies quickly because the threat of disease is wildly exaggerated.
		Even as local health officials out in the field were racing to create mass graves or pyres to deal with the rising tide of bodies, saying the bodies posed immediate health risks, officials of the World Health Organization emphasized that the biggest risk of an outbreak was posed by survivors.
		The agency's officials said Tuesday that because there was little danger of epidemics from unburied bodies, immediate mass burials and cremations were not necessary.
	www.outsidethebeltway.com /archives/8593 (356 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Disaster dead 'no health threat'
		The bodies of people who have died in natural disasters do not pose a threat to health, according to a study.
		He found no evidence to suggest that the bodies of people who die in natural disasters were a public health risk.
		In others, it is a response to fears that the bodies pose a risk to the health of survivors or aid workers.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3757199.stm (547 words)

	Definition of Burial
		Bodies are often buried wrapped in a shroud or placed in a coffin (also called a casket).
		An additional benefit of using containers to hold the body is that if the soil covering the corpse is washed away by a flood or some other natural process, the corpse will still not be exposed to open air.
		In cases of mass burial, it is commonly of importance to survivors to later have the bodies exhumed, identified, and buried properly.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Burial (1895 words)

	[No title]
		Disaster and relief experts from the Pan American Health Organization -- which serves as the regional office for the Americas of the World Health Organization -- have said that one of the most common myths associated with natural disasters is that cadavers are responsible for epidemics.
		Public health experts have repeatedly emphasized that the key to preventing diseases is improving sanitary conditions and informing people.
		Respect cultural and religious beliefs, even when the identities of the dead are unknown, showing respect for the feelings of those at the site of the tragedy.
	www.paho.org /English/DD/PIN/pr041229.htm (521 words)

	K38 Water Safety Forum - Tsunami Survivor Threats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Longer term, the risks are destruction of health facilities, and mental illness from the trauma and loss.
		The risk that this prolonged grief can cause depression is greater still, experts say, when the death of a loved one is not confirmed, or the body is swept into a mass grave without being identified - as has occurred in some areas hit by the tsunami.
		The health organization has issued guidelines for relief workers on how to deal with traumatized victims, and a group affiliated with the University of Oslo is planning a program to provide information on counseling to teachers and others in the areas hardest hit by the disaster.
	www.shawnalladio.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=54 (11248 words)

	CBC News:Low infection risk from disaster dead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The risks for rescue workers who handle dead bodies are higher than survivors of a disaster but simple measures can limit the risk, such as:
		Respect for the dead is deeply ingrained in all cultures and religions but "it can be difficult to separate respect for the deceased from the deep fear of death itself that is common to all human beings," wrote Claude de Ville de Goyet in an editorial accompanying the study.
		De Goyet, who has directed the Pan American Health Organization's emergency preparedness and disaster relief program for 25 years, said health officials should work to protect the rights of survivors that might be overlooked in efforts to alleviate unfounded public fear.
	www.cbc.ca /stories/2004/06/01/sci-tech/burial040601 (369 words)

	Circulation of disaster myths in Haiti could hinder appropriate disposal of bodies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Myths about the infectious disease threat posed by dead bodies could lead to insensitive and inappropriate treatment of victims' bodies following the floods in Haiti, and need to be checked, according to a public health researcher who has studied the potential risks at length.
		He says: 'In many natural disasters, the risk of epidemics is used to justify measures such as rapid mass burial.
		Unlike the general public, those who are involved in close contact with the dead--such as military personnel, rescue workers, volunteers, and others--may be exposed to chronic infectious hazards, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV, enteric pathogens, and tuberculosis.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=14261 (300 words)

	Nancy Ganz Body Slimmers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The oBdy of a dead person is also called a corpse (human) or cadaver.
		The dead bodies of vertebrate animalsand insects are sometimes called carcasses.
		Injury is damage or harm caused tothe structure or function of the Bocy caused by an outside agent or force, which may bephysical or chemical.
	www.musicians-resource.com /site/18458-nancy-ganz-body-slimmers.html (597 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Body [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Plant s composed of more than one cell are not normally regarded as possessing a body.
		The dead bodies of vertebrate animals and insect s are sometimes called carcasses.
		The human body consists of a head, neck, trunk, two arm s, two leg s and the genitals of the groin, which differ between male s and female s.
	encyclozine.com /Body (328 words)

	PANNA: Pesticides and the Immune System: Public Health Risks. Robert Repetto and Sanjay Baliga. Global Pesticide ...
		Pesticides and the Immune System: Public Health Risks by Robert Repetto and Sanjay Baliga Existing evidence presents substantial grounds for concern about the public health risks from pesticide-induced suppression of the immune system, especially in developing countries and countries in economic transition, such as the former Soviet Union.
		Experimental and wildlife evidence A large body of experimental evidence based on research on living cells and laboratory animals suggests that many of the pesticides to which these groups are exposed damage the immune system.
		General health effects Some evidence can be derived from health studies linking pesticide exposure to increases in illness and death from infectious disease.
	www.panna.org /resources/pestis/PESTIS.1996.85.html (2558 words)

	JesusChristIndia.com - 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Information and Resources
		One fifth of the population of the Nicobar Islands is said to be dead, injured or missing.
		The affected districts are Krishna (35 dead), Prakasam (35 dead), Nellore (20 dead), Guntur (4 dead), West Godavari (8 dead) and East Godavari (3 dead).
		The affected districts are Kollam (131 dead), Alappuzha (32 dead), Ernakulam (5 dead).
	www.jesuschristindia.com /Indian_tsunami_info.html (4763 words)

	Unpredictable and incalculable health risks of food irradiation
		Because of the substantiation of suspected health risks associated with some irradiated foods, according to the present state of information, such a release was permitted only hesitantly, for good reason, and in varying degrees in the respective communities.
		Since in this case, the danger to health is represented by the incorporation of radioactive materials, the biological evaluation should primarily be based on their relevancy to the elements, which is mainly responsible for their biochemical behaviour and danger.
		Discussions and evaluations concerning the biological risks connected with the consumption of irradiated food and with irradiation itself cannot be conducted carefully and thoroughly enough.
	www.laleva.cc /environment/foodirradiation.html (10779 words)

	VOA News - Tsunami Survivors Face Health Risks from Filthy Water
		Public health officials warn survivors of Sunday's tsunami face a grave danger, death and disease caused by filthy drinking water.
		Officials say rescue teams are focusing their attention on getting potable water to survivors of the massive undersea earthquake to keep the population of the affected areas from falling victim to its aftermath.
		World Health Organization official David Nabarro says health officials expect the first wave of sickness to be cholera and diahhreal disease, which he says will strike in about one week.
	www.voanews.com /english/2004-12-29-voa60.cfm (593 words)

	Trades Union Congress - Risks 179 - 23 October 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health (SCOTH) reported to government four months ago, concluding there is an increased risk of lung cancer for non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke of about 24 per cent, and an increase in the heart disease risk of 25 per cent.
		Ministers are preparing to publish their long-awaited public health White Paper next month, which is expected to include measures to limit smoking in public places but stop short of a total ban extended to restaurants and pubs.
		The lives of workers and members of the public are being put at risk because too few employers are receiving visits from official health and safety inspectors, according a new TUC safety survey.
	www.tuc.org.uk /h_and_s/tuc-8858-f0.cfm (3865 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Venezuela: The health risks
		But the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has warned that there is a heightened risk of disease in the country, and that this could put many others at risk.
		The presence of unburied dead bodies can also spread disease, although this is likely to be a less important factor.
		Top priorities include monitoring potential outbreaks of disease, sanitary disposal of dead bodies and setting up vaccination programmes for those at high risk of disease.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/medical_notes/573505.stm (523 words)

	In the wake of Fallujah battle, clearing the dead - Conflict in Iraq - MSNBC.com
		Bodies lay in homes, on verandahs and in shallow, makeshift graves, buzzed over by flies and darkened by days of decomposition.
		Henegar said authorities were eager to clear the city of bodies quickly, to lessen health risks for returning civilians.
		âThe city is completely isolated, and we expect the decaying of dead bodies and the spread of diseases,â he said in an interview with Al-Jazeera television.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6504719 (869 words)

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