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Topic: Dead language

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	Welsh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although Welsh is a minority language, support for the language grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of organisations such as the nationalist political party Plaid Cymru and the Welsh Language Society, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg.
		It seems that the rise of Welsh nationalism rallied supporters of the language, and the establishment of Welsh television and radio found a mass audience which was encouraged in the retention of its Welsh.
		Welsh morphology has much in common with that of the other modern Insular Celtic languages, such as the use of initial consonant mutations, and the use of so-called "conjugated prepositions" (prepositions that fuse with the personal pronouns that are their object).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Welsh_language (4381 words)

	language - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		One language may have various dialects, which may be seen by those who use them as languages in their own right.
		The term language is also used for systems of communication with languagelike qualities, such as animal language (the way animals communicate), body language (gestures and expressions used to communicate ideas), sign language (gestures for the deaf or for use as a lingua franca, as among American Indians), and computer languages (such as BASIC and COBOL).
		Language appears to develop in all children under normal circumstances, either as a unilingual or multilingual skill, crucially between the ages of one and five, and as a necessary interplay of innate and environmental factors.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /language (914 words)

	Extinct language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Normally this occurs when a language undergoes language death while being directly replaced by a different one, for example, Coptic, which was replaced by Arabic, and many Native American languages, whose languages were replaced by English, French, Spanish, or Portuguese.
		Language extinction also occurs when a language undergoes a rapid evolution or assimilation until it eventually gives birth to an offspring, yet, dissimilar language (or family of languages).
		There have been other attempts at language revival (such as Manx and Cornish), but the success of these attempts has been subject to debate, as it is not clear they will ever become the common native language of a community of speakers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dead_language (753 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:20.0
		If dead languages were in fact "dead media," they would obviously be enormously important phenomena, far overshadowing high Cahill-Rating curios such as optical telegraphy or mechanical television.
		Modern language loss is not a competition of tongues on a level demographic playing field == modern language is clearly shaped and sometimes driven into extinction by mass media.
		Dead languages number in the thousands, and the subject opens entire new sets of classification and definitional problems.
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/20/200.html (1189 words)

	Endangered Languages: Revival and Revitalization
		Language revival and language revitalization are attempts to preserve endangered languages, and that is precisely what our website project is about.
		Language revival is the resurrection of a "dead" language, one with no existing native speakers.
		Language revitalization is the rescue of a "dying" language.
	www.native-languages.org /revive.htm (900 words)

	Endangered language - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use.
		Some languages, such as those in Indonesia may have tens of thousands of speakers but be endangered because children are no longer learning them, or speakers are in the process of shifting to using the national language Indonesian (or a local Malay variety) in place of local languages.
		In contrast, a language with only 100 speakers might be considered very much alive if it is the primary language of a community, and is the first (or only) language of all children in that community.
	www.voyager.in /Endangered_languages (940 words)

	dead. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
		The period exhibiting the greatest degree of intensity: the dead of winter; the dead of night.
		dead in the water Unable to function or move: The crippled ship was dead in the water.
		Dead applies in general to whatever once had—but no longer has—physical life (a dead man; a dead leaf), function (a dead battery), or force or currency (a dead issue; a dead language).
	www.bartleby.com /61/15/D0051500.html (510 words)

	Sanskrit: Reviving a 'dead' language
		Sanskrit, perhaps Latin's eastern equivalent as a language of priests and scholars, is incredibly complex and rich, with an alphabet of 44 "functional" letters.
		Navajo code talkers in World War II employed their extremely complex, unwritten language to send American military messages that the Japanese were never able to decipher.
		Its boosters say it could prove an ideal language for the sciences and computing, as it easily allows new words to be built up logically from root syllables.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/2003/07/25/editorial_wwwedit1b25.html (419 words)

	languagehat.com: DEAD AND DYING LANGUAGES.
		It is dead in the sense that your four-year-old self is dead: that self was very different from you today, you probably don't remember much about it, you wouldn't understand much it said if you were somehow to encounter it...
		In both synchronic and diachronic views the boundaries between languages are often fuzzy to the point of invisibility, but that doesn't mean that there are no distinctions among them.
		Language extinction matters not because language doesn't change, but because we're seeing a massive die-off and a catastrophic loss of diversity in an unprecedentedly short time.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001182.php (1921 words)

	Title of Record » Blog Archive » This Language is teh Dead.
		A language’s status as a literary medium is unimportant; going back to spoken language being innate while literacy must be learned.
		After about 400 B.C., Hebrew ceased to be a spoken language in favor of Aramaic, though it still enjoyed literary status, while Sumerian died out near the beginning of the first millennium B.C., though writers continued to use it in their epics.
		6 Responses to “This Language is teh Dead.”
	rob.thecentralnode.com /2006/05/16/this-language-is-teh-dead (482 words)

	A Glossary of Lingua Franca
		Apart from a few curious and tantalizing quotes of this kind, Lingua Franca seemed to be lost forever, since it died before the advent of the tape recorder or of anthropologists anxious to record a moribund form of human speech, however bizarre, and even laughable, it may have seemed.
		And relative frequency of the four languages that are the ultimate source of the loans seems to follow the Archbishop's observation relative to Lingua Franca.
		The ancient Irish language is making some sons of Erin feel good, and the decline in the number of speakers, encouraged by those fine Englishmen who prohibited the Irish to speak their own language, seems to have been arrested.
	www.uwm.edu /People/corre/franca/lingua.html (3823 words)

	Music and Language in Joyce's "The Dead"
		Furthermore, the final exhalation of air from a dead body is conventionally referred to as the "death rattle" and this connotation is surely in the reader's mind at the end of the story as Gabriel's meditation is accompanied by Gretta's deep-drawn breaths of sleep.
		The final section of "The Dead," which Joyce delineates with a double-space between the paragraphs on the forty-seventh page of the story (page 221 in the Penguin paperback edition), strives to be musical in both its form and content.
		It seems that in his short story "The Dead" Joyce attempts such an approach to allegory, in which the literary vehicle itself is allegorized by highlighting the semantic disparity between the referentiality of language and the self-reflexivity of music.
	www.goshen.edu /facultypubs/Joyce.html (2315 words)

	Speaker of Wasco tribal language speaker dead at 91
		Madeline Brunoe McInturff, one of the last three fluent speakers of the Wasco tribal language in the Northwest, died at age 91, according to the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs.
		McInturff was born in Warm Springs to Jerry Brunoe, a tribal judge, and his wife, Sophie, in 1915 and spent most of her life on the reservation, said her son, Ted Brunoe.
		The tribes are still working to reintroduce the languages of the Wasco, Warm Springs and Paiute people, through classes for preschoolers and older students, but the loss of fluent speakers is a blow to the effort, Johnson said.
	www.rlnn.com /ArtJuly06/SpeakerWascoLanguageDead91.html (375 words)

	DevPapers - article ASP: The Beauty of a Dead Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		As a senior in college, I remember that my linguistics professor described Latin as a dead language and by that she meant that the language is no longer being developed; it's not growing or changing the way that, say, "English" or "Inuktitut" are still alive and evolving.
		A language becomes extinct when nobody speaks the language "natively" but I'd argue that there are still many programmers who feel right at home in the ASP environment.
		The language can be studied as a complete unit and one can understand all of its rules (and all of its faults and exceptions).
	www.devpapers.com /article/338 (1622 words)

	Sleepyheads on Language Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		It is possibly one of the oldest languages of the world at approximately 6000 years of age.
		Nowadays, Sanskrit is considered a dead language-at least according to linguistic definitions.
		In fact, two students from the University of Chicago, Michael Silverstein and Adi Hastings, are conducting a research project on the revival of Sanskrit as a spoken language in two regions in the state of Karnataka.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~watkinc/aparna_option.html (200 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		'Dead' language is alive and well; Resurgence: Students in Maryland and across the country flock to Latin classes.
		Data on foreign language enrollments haven't been kept in recent years, but Frank Edgerton, who oversees foreign languages for the state, said he has been hearing a lot about a renaissance in teaching and learning Latin.
		In a new course, she is introducing 20 Baltimore County instructors to the language she loves.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art121.txt (1149 words)

	The Latin Language: Dead or Alive? by Terrence Moore
		First, to say that Latin is dead, though in some sense true, is not a particularly helpful observation when it comes to education.
		The structure of Latin requires the study of the language to be intensely grammatical.
		Having a critical and historical knowledge of one’s own language that comes through the study of Latin is plainly useful.
	www.ashbrook.org /publicat/oped/moore/03/latin.html (880 words)

	Ecclesiastical Latin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The dogmatic definitions of the first seven General Councils were given in Greek, and even in Rome Greek was at first the language of the liturgy and the language in which the first Popes wrote.
		As a language no longer in common use (a "dead" language, though some would dispute the exactness of this description), Latin has the advantage that the meaning of its words is no longer subject to change from century to century.
		Study of the language of Cicero and Virgil is quite sufficient for understanding Church Latin.
	ecclesiastical-latin.iqnaut.net (741 words)

	Main Line Times - A dead language?
		In most schools, students would be as well served if they had never encountered a large part of the social studies curriculum, and many sixth-graders are more technologically apt than the teachers tasked to instruct them in the use of computers.
		Some subjects are more important than others, and the study of foreign languages at a young age is an essential part of a good education.
		The diversity czars would have us believe that all languages are created equal and that the study of Latin might fruitfully be supplanted by the study of Chinese or Algonquin.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?BRD=1676&dept_id=225412&newsid=11645951&PAG=461&rfi=9 (850 words)

	Dead programming language - GPWiki
		Dead Programming Languages are languages that once were dominant in the programming world, but are now used rarely for whatever reason.
		The question of a language being dead is a very disputable one, so no examples will be used here.
		The truth is, most languages are still being used, somewhere, somehow.
	gpwiki.org /index.php/Dead_programming_language (60 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Love in a Dead Language: Books: Lee Siegel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Love in a Dead Language is a love story, a translation of an Indian sex manual, an erotic farce, and a murder mystery.
		Love in a Dead Language exposes the complicities between the carnal and the intellectual, the erotic and the exotic, the false and the true.
		...Dead Language could be labelled as postmodern, but the truly postmodern resists such labels.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Love-in-a-Dead-Language/dp/0226756971 (1267 words)

	DaedLanguage 11/11/2005
		In a state where the most frequently taught languages are Spanish and French, recent estimates show that almost half of Maryland high school students are studying no foreign language at all, at a time when many educators regard it as increasingly important.
		Still, it's the study of dead languages Latin and ancient Greek that is so striking amid the technology that permeates the students' lives.
		According to the Linguistic Society of America, Latin and ancient Greek are considered dead because they are no longer spoken as a first language in the forms found in ancient texts.
	www.journalism.umd.edu /cns/wire/2005-editions/11-November-editions/051111-Friday/DaedLanguage_CNS-UMCP.html (879 words)

	Trinitas In Unitate » Blog Archive » G.K. Chesterton on Latin as a Dead Language
		G.K. Chesterton on Latin as a Dead Language
		Latin is an immortal language and English is a dying language.”
		2 Responses to “G.K. Chesterton on Latin as a Dead Language”
	www.trinitas-in-unitate.org /?p=619 (493 words)

	British Council: "Dutch will be a dead language" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		As you certainly know, the English language is a major economic loss for several key industries in the Netherlands, and throughout Europe.
		Your excellency, given the dominance of the English language in the Netherlands, I formally request that you issue an apology to speakers of Dutch, and other languages, for the offensive speech given by Britain's cultural attaché to the Netherlands.
		Furthermore, the staff of this Embassy and the staff of the British Council would never advocate that Dutch is a dead or dying language.
	lingvo.org /nl/2/37 (1059 words)

	Seed: Wake the Dead
		When the dead are raised in movies, usually some sort of special effect is in play.
		He's published a dictionary of the Tuscarora tribe of Virginia and North Carolina, so the process of language reconstruction is old hat to him.
		Wake the Dead, written by Maggie Wittlin, posted on January 25, 2006 11:23 AM, is in the category Entertainment & Media.
	www.seedmagazine.com /news/2006/01/dead_language_resurrected_for.php (618 words)

	Dissertations, Essays on Dead Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		“Dead Language” After graduating from high school in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine with straight A’s, a little girl went to college in order to fulfill her dream of becoming a medical doctor.
		We, as society, choose who should have the dead language and who should not by discriminating against people.
		Once we refuse to understand people, those people are left with nothing, but the dead language.
	www.essayboom.com /essay/Dead_Language-104474.html (169 words)

	What Is a Dead Language Doing in the 21^st Century? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Although centuries ago its grammar and vocabulary became essentially frozen (thus earning the designation “dead”), this language of the Roman Empire did not disappear — thanks largely to its status as the Roman Catholic Church’s official language and its inclusion in standard school curricula into the 20th century.
		Greek, a language of an even older civilization, is receiving renewed attention for the same reason.
		Latin, the language of the Romans, spread widely and served as a conduit for the dissemination of knowledge and culture in the classical world.
	www.catholicexchange.com /vm/index.asp?vm_id=2&art_id=26171 (1245 words)

	[Aireacha] WHO SAYS THE IRISH LANGUAGE IS DEAD?
		John claims in his column of 6/22/05 that the language is spoken by "probably less than 100,000.".
		John then proceeds to attack the language on an economic basis, pointing out that it would be cheaper, worldwide, if everyone were to speak English, therefore the basic human rights of non-English-speakers like the Irish should be ignored or crushed.
		Especially given John's opinion that Irish kids are too stupid to learn both their own language and English, despite the fact that most other countries around the world now teach their children their own language plus two or three or four other languages including English.
	www.scoilgaeilge.org /pipermail/aireacha_scoilgaeilge.org/2005-June/002331.html (853 words)

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