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	Death Railway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Death Railway (known also as Thai-Burma Railway or Burma Railway) was a railway built from Thailand to Burma (now Myanmar) by the Japanese during World War II to complete the route from Bangkok to Rangoon and support the Japanese occupation of Burma.
		A railway connection between Thailand and Burma was already surveyed at the beginning of the 20th century by the British, but was considered too difficult to complete.
		The construction of the Death Railway is only one of many major war crimes committed by Japan during the course of its wars in Asia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Death_Railway (946 words)

	The Death Railway
		The Death Railway stretched for 415 km from Thanbyuzayat in Burma to Nong Pladuk in Bangpong District in Ratchaburi province in Thailand.
		The railway was built with a few pulleys, derricks, cement mixers, a lot of hard labor and a tremendous amount of ingenuity.
		The Death Railway is both a testament to man's capacity for evil and to man's unfailing tenacity and bravery.
	www.scottmurray.com /bridge.htm (2089 words)

	Life and Death on the Death Railway Through the Jungle of Sumatra by American prisoner of war George Duffy
		The northern terminal of the railway was the city of Pekanbaru (new spelling), therefore the project became known as the Pekanbaru Rail Line.
		The cause of Albert's death was malnutrition, or as it was called out there, "beri-beri." Lack of protein and vitamins caused kidney malfunction which resulted in fluid retention.
		The average age at death of the 700 who perished on that railway was 37 years and 3 months.
	www.usmm.org /duffylifedeath.html (2017 words)

	BBC News \| ENGLAND \| 'Railway of death' sleepers arrive
		Parts of the notorious Thai-Burma railway have arrived in the UK to create a new memorial to the thousands of Allied prisoners who died during the line's construction.
		The section of sleepers from the track, known as the Railway of Death, were unloaded at Devonport Naval Base in Plymouth.
		Building the 260-mile (415-kilometre) railway is estimated to have claimed the lives of around 16,000 Allied troops.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/england/1747391.stm (363 words)

	Kanchanaburi
		Construction of the railway began in September 16, 1942 at existing terminal in Thanbyuzayat in Burma and Nong Pladuk in Thailand.
		The purpose of the project is to honor the Allied POW and Asian conscripts who died while constructing some of the most difficult stretches of the Burma-Thailand death railway, 80km northwest of Kanchanaburi.
		At the far end of the cutting is a memorial plaque fasten to solid stone, commemorating the death of the Allied prisoners.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /provinces/thailand_kanchanaburi.html (1137 words)

	Detail of the Letter / Codal / Manual Provisions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In case the railway servant was on extraordinary leave on the date of death, the correctness of the emoluments for a maximum period of one year which he drew preceding the date of the commencement of the extraordinary leave shall be verified.
		The Head of Office shall, within one month of the receipt of intimation regarding death of a railway servant, take steps to ascertain if any dues as referred to in Rule 15 and sub-rule (6) of Rule 16 were recoverable from the deceased railway servant.
		In the case of a railway servant who dies while on deputation to another Central Government Department, action to authorize family pension and death-cum-retirement gratuity in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter shall be taken by the Head of Office of the borrowing Department.
	c.1asphost.com /iresttrule/listChapter.asp?So=5.09 (2536 words)

	There's life on the railway of death -- ThingsAsian Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Today the "Railway of Death" and the Bridge over the River Kwai are two of Thailand's major tourist attractions.
		The "Railway of Death" left such a gruesome number of bodies in its track, in stark contrast to the number of wooden sleepers supporting the tracks themselves.
		The "Railway of Death" was built as a strategic railway between Thailand and Burma.
	www.thingsasian.com /goto_article/article.1124.html (956 words)

	Samatra Railway
		Deaths in Burma were more than 12,000, whereas on Sumatra the total was 700.
		This Railway took 15 months to build, was completed 15/8/45, and cost the lives of 700 allied POWs and 25000 native workers, and was never used for the intended purpose.
		The Burma Siam Railway was in essence done and dusted, the Nip military needed more men, the slave labour force was still in place, so move them to where they are needed, regardless of cost.
	www.fepow-community.org.uk /monthly_Revue/html/sumatra_railway.htm (2594 words)

	The Thailand Collection - The Death Railway
		The railway was finished in 17 October 1943, at a cost of thousands of lives.
		The railway was used only once before the Allies bombed it at the Bridge over the River Kwai towards the end of the war.
		After that, the construction of the Death Railway became one of the most infamous nightmares of the Second World War in Southeast Asia.
	members.tripod.com /~thailandcollection2/deathrailway.htm (572 words)

	Burma: "Death Railway" Revisited
		Alongside the 16,000 Allied soldiers who died as slaves on the Japanese "death railway" that linked Myanmar with Thailand during World War II were some 100,000 Burmese and other Asian dead.
		Although human-rights groups have documented the testimonies of the slave workers on the death railway, few outsiders have seen it or the slave camps along the route.
		Most of Mon state in the south, where the railway is being built, is closed to foreigners.
	www.webcom.com /hrin/magazine/jan97/railway.html (735 words)

	Gun Plot - Burma Thailand Death Railway, Casualty Stats & Hellfire Pass
		This railway, 415 kilometers long, and built through some of the most inhospitable disease ridden terrain in the world, it was to supply a large Japanese Army in Burma.
		The railway was constructed using an absolute minimum of mechanical equipment and a maximum of human effort.
		It has been written that 'this railway was built at the cost of a life for every sleeper in its 415 Kilometer journey'.
	www.gunplot.net /kwairailway/hellfirepass.html (266 words)

	Death Railway
		The railway was set for completion in 14 months, which was to coincide with the end of 1943.
		Accommodation for the Japanese guards had to be constructed first, at all the staging camps along the railway.
		For the duration of the railway work, food supplies were inadequate and extremely irregular.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-battles/ww2/burma-rail.htm (415 words)

	River Kwai
		After the railway was hurried to completion in 13 months' time, it was announced by the Japanese that a total of about 50,000 lives had been lost in the construction work, including 10,000 Japanese troops as well as 10,000 POWs and 30,000 labourers.
		So, for some sections of the railway at least, it is no exaggeration to say that one life was sacrificed for every sleeper laid under the track.
		It takes you to picturesque countryside to see vast expanses of green fields, a breath-taking viaduct winding along a precipice, long ranges of jungle-covered mountains and a waterfall which is quite a safe place for even children to play in because the water volume is small and the rocks are not slippery.
	www.daearly.com /photogallery/river_kwai.htm (432 words)

	COFEPOW - South East Asia Under Japanese Occupation - The Sumatra Death Railway
		They ate starch and rats, they died of exhaustion dysentery and tropical sores, but on 15 August 1945, the last year of the war, and the day that the red Japanese sun finally went down, the death railway from Pakan Baru to Muara was ready.
		The railway line built by Dutch, English and Australian prisoners of war and by press-ganged Javanese slave labour (Romushas) through marshy forest of central Sumatra under orders from Japanese occupiers had taken a toll in human lives of nearly seven hundred whites and of probably more than 10,000 people altogether.
		Even in to-day's Pakan Baru, where children happily play on the remains of locomotives and trucks, without themselves realising at all that the rusty playthings between their campong huts are the last silent witnesses to a nightmare of suffering which was also real.
	www.cofepow.org.uk /pages/asia_sumatra3.html (1811 words)

	Sandakan Death March; Japanese inhumanity
		An Australian Memorial honouring the survivors, POW's, local civilians who helped by clandestinely feeding the prisoners, and soldiers who perished at Sandakan and during the death marches into the jungle, has been erected at what was the Prisoner of War Camp in Taman Rimba close to the city of Sandakan.
		He was apprehended as a war criminal and taken to a surrender camp at Labuan Island where he committed suicide early in the morning of 16 September.
		The water bottle near his head was half filled with sand and, according to the story of his batman, Kwanaka Yoshiro, who assisted his master, Suga struck himself on the head with it several times.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-battles/ww2/sandakan.htm (1295 words)

	Hellfire Pass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hellfire Pass is the name of a railway cutting on the Death Railway in Thailand, known by the Japanese as Konyu cutting.
		It was estimated that 68 men were beaten to death by the Japanese guards in the six weeks it took to build the cutting, although many more died from cholera, dysentery, starvation, and exhaustion [Wigmore p568].
		The railway was never built to a quality level of lasting permanence and was frequently bombed by the Royal Air Force during the Burma Campaign.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hellfire_Pass (521 words)

	Burma to develop old 'death railway' in Mon State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The railway was built with forced labor under Japanese army supervision during World War II and was meant to carry military supplies through Asia.
		The railway is a fast and cheap way of shipping goods, added Nyo Ohn Myint, a Burmese researcher based in Thailand.
		If the railway is built, the area will become deforested because it is good for logging, and culture and religion will affected by noise coming from trains, said an environmental researcher based in Thailand who asked not to be named.
	www.mizzima.com /archives/news-in-2006/news-in-Feb/17-Feb-06-50.htm (529 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Remembering victims of the 'death railway'
		Allied prisoners of war were shipped to Thailand from neighbouring countries to build the vital railway link between Thailand and Burma for the Japanese military.
		It was dubbed the "Death Railway" because of the huge numbers of lives it claimed: 13,000 POWs and up to 100,000 civilian forced labourers.
		Because of its grim past, there is an understanding that the legacy of the railway belongs to several countries and many generations.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/3253327.stm (470 words)

	Historical Fact on the Burma Death Railway Thailand Hellfire pass List of Prisoners Deaths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Burmese railway also ran the full length of Burma, the only problem being there was no line between Malaya and Burma, this had to be bridged quickly.
		In peace time, plans to build a railway from Bangkok to Burma had been shelved because of the cost involved.
		A railway could now be built to help supply its forces on the Burma front and its advance into India for little cost to themselves, this was to prove a huge deficit in prisoners lives.
	www.transcomworld.com /historical_facts_hellfirepass.html (393 words)

	Japanese Army guard on Bridge over the river Kwai WW2
		Japanese Sergeant Seiichi Okada, Also known as "Doctor Death", Okada was charged with forcing sick POWs to work at Hintok - Konyu during 1943 along the Burma-Thailand railway and was sentenced to ten years imprisonment.
		The Korean Guard, `The Mad Mongrel', a member of the Japanese Imperial Army and a guard much hated by Allied prisoners of war (POWs) working on the Death Railway.
		He was sentenced to death and executed for brutal treatment of POWs.
	www.hellfirepass.com /japanese_death_railway.html (129 words)

	Kanchanaburi Travel Guide - Death Railway
		Arguably the most ironic aspect of the construction of the (in)famous "Death Railway" is the fact it was originally a British idea, proposed at the turn of the century as a trading route between Burma and China.
		Built as an aid to moving supplies, after the capture of Thailand by the Imperial Japanese Army, thousands of allied POW's were transported from Singapore to begin working on the line, as well as the famous "Bridge On The River Kwai".
		Beginning in 1942, the workforce was subject to constant battles against not only the brutality of their captors but also appalling living conditions and the constant threat of death and disease.
	www.kanchanaburiguide.com /railway.htm (220 words)

	Kanchanaburi-info.com: Kanchanaburi city, Bridge over the River Kwai, Death Railway, JEATH War Museum, Ban Kao, Kao Pun ...
		This railway was intended to move men and supplies to the Burmese front where the Japanese were fighting the British.
		The railway line originally ran within 50 meters of the Three Pagodas Pass which marks nowadays the border to Burma.
		However after the war the entire railway was removed and sold as it was deemed unsafe and politically undesirable.
	www.kanchanaburi-info.com /en/muang.html (1080 words)

	UTU: News
		BANGKOK -- Officials said on Monday (February 10) that Thailand and military-ruled Myanmar are considering rebuilding the infamous "death railway," basis for the 1957 film, "Bridge on the River Kwai," to boost tourism, according to a Reuters report.
		The railway, still in operation over a short distance near the Thai town of Kanchanaburi, 125 km (78 miles) west of Bangkok, cost the lives of tens of thousands of allied prisoners of war and Asian slave labourers during World War Two.
		The Japanese imperial army had intended the railway to connect the Malayan peninsula with Myanmar, then known as Burma, to supply its troops in the region.
	www.utu.org /worksite/detail_news.cfm?ArticleID=5602 (416 words)

	Railway of Death
		An estimated 8031 died in captivity as Prisoners-of-War (POWs) of the Japanese.
		Some 13000 Australian POWs were transported to Burma and Thailand to work on the 420 kilometre Burma—Thailand Railway where nearly 2650 Australians died -- from disease, deprivation and horrendous brutality at the hands of their captors.
		At the conclusion of the war in August 1945, the graves of those POWs who died during the construction and maintenance of the railway, between Thanbyuzayat and Nieke, were transferred to this cemetery (except Americans who were repatriated) including 1335 Australians.
	www.anzacday.org.au /history/ww2/anecdotes/deathrailway.html (645 words)

	The Scotsman - Veteran bids for 'death railway' to become heritage site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A JAPANESE veteran who helped interrogate prisoners building the Thai-Burma railway during the Second World War is seeking to have the "death railway" made into an official world heritage site as a reminder of the horrors of war.
		Allied prisoners, mostly British, Dutch and Australian, were forced to work on the railway in such harsh conditions that 16,000 of them died of starvation and disease.
		Eric Lomax, who survived working on the railway, wrote in his memoirs of his hatred for the Japanese interpreter who had been present as he was tortured on suspicion of possessing a radio and a map.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=241332006 (710 words)

	Building the Death Railway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Building the Death Railway: The Ordeal of American POWs in Burma, 1942-1945 edited by Robert A. La Forte and Ronald E. Marcello Scholarly Resources, Inc., 102 Greenhill Avenue, Wilmington, Delaware 19805-1897, 1993, 296 pages, $24.95.
		Although its construction by POWs during World War II is widely known in history and fiction, almost unknown is the story of the 688 survivors of the USS Houston and the 2d Battalion, 131st Field Artillery Regiment, Texas National Guard, who were also forced to labor on the same project.
		Although Building the Death Railway probably will not win a Pulitzer, it is a very valuable addition to the historiography of World War II in general--and especially to the burgeoning literature of POWs.and127;
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/bookrev/laforte.html (470 words)

	Origin of Death Railway - 2Bangkok.com Forum
		The Death Railway was originate as the logistic line for the JIA troops in Burma by Gen. Hiroike (the Staf of the Staffs of the 2nd Military Railway HQ), despite of the STRONG opposition from Supreme Commander HQ in Tokyo.
		Route 6 was done as a dirt road by the detached the 161st Infantry Battalion in December 1944 as the escape route....
		IJA has decided to construct the railway route from Ban Pong to Thanbyusayat via Kanchanaburi (route 4) as the main route for C56 locos while construct the route from Chumporn to Ranong with a terminal at La Un Canal as the provision railway route.
	www.angkor.com /2bangkok/2bangkok/forum/showthread.php?p=6297 (627 words)

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