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Topic: Death with Dignity Act

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Oregon Ballot Measure 16 (1994)

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	Sample Term Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because death is such a delicate and personal matter, those for and against California’s proposed Death with Dignity Act have become passionate in pleading their case.
		California’s Death with Dignity proposal should be rejected, as it is not beneficial to the state for three significant reasons: The act is unethical, it is weak in safeguards and regulations, and it threatens the standards of health care in California, therefore victimizing the defenseless.
		California’s intended Death with Dignity Act was proposed by Assemblywoman Dion Aroner with good intentions to alleviate the unpleasantness of death by means of physician-assisted suicide; however, the act is severely flawed and should not be adopted, based on proposal AB 1592.
	www.csulb.edu /~bbruins/ps220/exemplar.html (3179 words)

	Oregon Ballot Measure 16 (1994) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Measure 16 of 1994 established Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, which legalizes physician-assisted suicide with certain restrictions, making Oregon the first U.S. state and one of the first jurisdictions in the world to officially do so.
		The measure was approved in the 8 November 1994 general election in a tight race.
		In 2003, a federal judge blocked a move by U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft to suspend the license for prescribing drugs covered in the Controlled Substances Act of doctors who prescribed life-ending medications under the Oregon law [2].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Death_with_Dignity_Act (580 words)

	Research Paper Sample 1
		Acting on Kevorkian's instructions, Adkins pressed a button that shut off the flow of saline solution and opened the line of sodium pentothal, causing her to lose consciousness.
		Due to Kevorkian assisting in the death of those that did not fit into the terminally ill' category, patients now have to be more informed about their illness, so that they are aware of what their final options may be.
		After the Oregon Death with Dignity Act became a legal option for terminally ill patients, a woman in her mid-80s with breast cancer decided this would be her final option for death with dignity (Hill and Hoover 1).
	teacher2b.com /non-fiction/resrchp1.htm (6226 words)

	[P&S Medical Review:Apr:95] Oregon's Death With Dignity Act: Too Much Death and Not Enough Dignity
		The Act also states that the request for a prescription shall not be "the sole basis for the appointment of a guardian or conservator" (emphasis added),47 but this indicates only that the request is not immaterial to such an appointment and thus that it would be relevant if the patient's capacity is challenged.
		While the Act clearly anticipates ingestion of the medication, it only specifically regulates the effect of the completed suicide on the physician's liability and the patient's life insurance, but remains tellingly mute on the procedural and substantive requirements for accomplishing the ingestion.
		Thus, the Act appears to do little more than shield physicians from liability for a practice they previously engaged in behind closed doors while it overlooks the rights of the patients, who were the apparent intended beneficiaries of the legislation.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /news/review/archives/medrev_v2n2_0002.html (4561 words)

	International Task Force - Maine Death with Dignity Act
		A patient is qualified under this Act if a consulting physician examines the patient and the patient's relevant medical records and confirms, in writing, the attending physician's diagnosis that the patient is suffering from a terminal disease and verifies that the patient is capable, is acting voluntarily and has made an informed decision.
		A qualified patient's act of ingesting medication to end that patient's life in a humane and dignified manner may not have an effect upon benefits payable under a life, health or accident insurance or annuity policy.
		(a)The Act may not be construed to repeal the State prohibition against assisted suicide except that a person or entity may not be subjected to civil or criminal liability or professional disciplinary action for participating in good-faith compliance with this Act.
	www.internationaltaskforce.org /mainin.htm (3155 words)

	American Family Physician: The Oregon Death with Dignity Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Oregon Death with Dignity Act, a citizens' initiative petition, was placed on the ballot in the November 1994 general election.
		The act allows the attending physician to prescribe medication to a terminally ill patient to end the patient's life, in response to the patient's repeated and constant requests for the physician to do so.
		As for depression in a terminally ill patient, proponents argue that the act would help ensure appropriate screening for depression because the need to exclude clinically significant depression would be uppermost in the minds of physicians confronted by patients requesting aid in dying.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n2_v52/ai_17281969 (1380 words)

	Dignity and Death
		Considering the reality and the difficulty of such situations, it is understandable that Ballot Measure 16, the "Death with Dignity" act, is on Oregon's November (1994) ballot.
		Instead, dignity is defined subjectively as "level of comfort" or "lack of embarrassment." In other words, if I must suffer terrible physical pain and cry out in my suffering, I have lost the dignity of being human.
		The analogy with Nazi Germany may seem strong or reactionary, but in point of fact, death with dignity was a major issue debated in the pre-Nazi era.
	www.mckenziestudycenter.org /living/articles/death.html (2405 words)

	death with dignity * the law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Death with Dignity Act was originally passed in 1994 through the Oregon initiative process.
		The Death with Dignity Center won every court challenge and on October 27, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court denied a hearing to opponents of the law, allowing the law to go into effect just one week before the 1997 election.
		The law has been threatened by opponents at the federal level but the Death with Dignity National Center continues to work to defend and promote the law and encourage improvements to end-of-life care for all dying individuals.
	www.deathwithdignity.org /law (242 words)

	OAHHS - Oregon Death with Dignity Act
		The Death with Dignity Act was a citizens' initiative passed twice by Oregon voters.
		The Act requires the Department of Human Services to collect data on patients who participate each year in order to determine compliance with the terms of the Act and to issue an annual report.
		The annual reports themselves contain an historical background of the Act, a description of the laws pertaining to physician-assisted suicide in Oregon, how data is reported, collected and analyzed, a summary of the year's results, and tables that outline the participant demographics and disease characteristics.
	www.oahhs.org /issues/oregon_death_with_dignity.php (1982 words)

	Physician Assisted Suicide – Death with Dignity Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In November 1997, a measure was placed on the general election ballot to repeal the Death with Dignity Act.
		The Death with Dignity Act was a citizen's initiative, enacted because a majority of voting Oregonians believed that persons afflicted with certain terminal illnesses should have the legal right to hasten death.
		Both patients and their families have to be prepared by their health care providers for what to expect at the time of death to relieve some of the natural anxiety and fear of the unknown.
	www.alsa-or.org /support/Suicide.htm (3972 words)

	ipedia.com: Euthanasia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Euthanasia (Greek, "good death") is the practice of killing a person or animal, in a painless or minimally painful way, for merciful reasons, usually to end suffering.
		The doctor must also report the cause of death to the municipal coroner in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Burial and Cremation Act.
		In 2003, in the Netherlands 1626 cases were reported of euthanasia in the sense of a physician causing death.
	www.ipedia.com /euthanasia.html (1687 words)

	Oregon’s Death with Dignity law
		[26] Plaintiffs’ ADA claim was based on the argument that the Act unlawfully deprives persons who are disabled due to a terminal disease of protection afforded other persons under Oregon law in violation of the ADA and, to the extent the statute applies to federally funded programs, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
		[55] The percentage change of deaths by lethal medication between 1998 and 2003 is dramatic, approximately 275%; this percentage represents a shift from 16 to 42 deaths.
		[56] The number of deaths in 2003 (42) is approximately 1/7 of 1% of all deaths in Oregon, still a small number of total deaths in that state.
	www.leg.state.vt.us /reports/04Death/Death_With_Dignity_Report.htm (4477 words)

	Encyclopedia: Death with Dignity Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Measure 16 of 1994 established Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, which legalizes doctor assisted suicide with certain restrictions, making Oregon the first U.S. state and among the first jurisdictions in the world to do so.
		The measure was approved in the 8 November 1994 general election with 627,980 votes in favor, and 596,018 votes against [1]
		In 2003, a federal judge blocked a move by U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft to suspend the license for prescribing drugs covered in the Controlled Substances Act of doctors who prescribed life-ending medications under the Oregon law [3] (http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/04/17/court-suicide.htm).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Death-with-Dignity-Act (502 words)

	The Body: Death With Dignity
		Oregon Death with Dignity and others provided the seed money to establish an office, bring in expert staff and develop a panel of mental health and end-of-life specialists to ensure that palliative needs are well met and decisions under the Act are voluntary, enduring and rational.
		The Task Force on Life Ending Medication was a joint project of Physicians for Death with Dignity and Compassion in Dying Federation.
		Since death frequently occurs as a result of treatment decisions, we believe that the patient himself or herself is the safest and most ethically defensible decision maker concerning whether suffering is tolerable and whether knowingly hastening death is acceptable.
	www.thebody.com /wa/summer98/dignity.html (800 words)

	law.com - Justices Asked to End Oregon Death Act
		As an Oregon resident, Farris was able to avail himself of the Oregon Death With Dignity Act to hasten his death.
		Ashcroft, a longtime opponent of assisted suicide, stated that Oregon's practice violated the Controlled Substances Act because it lacked a "legitimate medical purpose." The directive said that doctors who prescribed controlled substances to assist death could lose their federal prescription licenses.
		The act was only intended to give the federal government interstate and intrastate control over "trafficking in illegal drugs, such as heroin and marijuana, and...
	www.law.com /jsp/article.jsp?id=1108389918088 (1570 words)

	Death With Dignity Act upheld - U.S. Politics Online: A Political Discussion Forum
		Oregon's Death With Dignity Act has been upheld by the 9th U.S. Circuit of Appeals, who said that Attorney General John Ashcroft had no right to tell prosecute doctors who perscribed a lethal dosage for fatally diseased patients.
		This is an act which let terminally ill patients request a fatal dose of medicine from their doctors.
		So it's a perfectly reasonable Act, in territory which is traditionally left up to the states, and Dubya orders an unelected official to go against what is clearly the will of the people in Oregon, because his delicate morals were offended.
	www.uspoliticsonline.com /forums/showthread.php?t=3925 (930 words)

	Oregon Health Services News Releases
		The Oregon Death with Dignity Act has been the focus of intense ethical, political, and medical debate.
		When a PAS prescription is written, the prescribing doctor must either submit Death with Dignity forms to the Health Services or make available relevant portions of the medical record.
		After the patient has died, the death certificate will be matched with their Death with Dignity forms or copies of the medical record and then reviewed by Health Services staff.
	www.dhs.state.or.us /publichealth/archive/1998/0616pas.cfm (590 words)

	Voluntary Euthanasia
		When a person commits an act of euthanasia he brings about the death of another person because he believes the latter's present existence is so bad that she would be better off dead, or believes that unless he intervenes and ends her life, it will become so bad that she would be better off dead.
		Whether behaviour is described in terms of acts or omissions (which underpins the alleged distinction between active and passive (voluntary) euthanasia), is generally a matter of pragmatics not of anything of deeper importance.
		The deaths of some of these were brought about by withdrawal of treatment, that of others by interventions such as the giving of lethal doses of anaesthetics.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/euthanasia-voluntary (6149 words)

	OAHHS: Death With Dignity Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As Oregon struggles with implementation of the Death With Dignity Act, one group has tackled the difficult task of providing direction to the healthcare professionals and institutions affected by the legalization of physician-assisted suicide.
		Although pharmacy information is included in one chapter, the discussion is limited to the roles of pharmacists and physicians in dealing with requests for physician-assisted suicide; it does not address the specifics of lethal drug use, beyond identifying classes of drugs.
		The state now claims the country's lowest rate of in-hospital deaths and the third-highest hospice referral rate, and ranks first in the medical use of morphine.
	www.aracnet.com /~oahhs/issues/dignity2.htm (1206 words)

	BlueOregon: The Soul of Oregon's Death With Dignity Act
		To them, the reality of dignity afforded to people suffering long, undignified, wasting, and painful deaths is too positive a term to fight against.
		And while issues such as Abortion, Death With Dignity, and Gay Rights are still matters of heated debate, other formerly religious institutions such as marriage are regularly dissolved.
		In developing the documentary we found that while the humanistic elements involved in how one dies were the most emotionally compelling (ie: control, dignity, quality of life), the issue that would ultimately decide the future and fate of the movement was the quality of end of life care being provided by the medical community.
	www.blueoregon.com /2005/02/the_soul_of_ore.html (1222 words)

	Crosswalk.com - Oregon's Death with Dignity Act
		The 38 PAS deaths in 2002 compares to 21 in 2001, 27 in 2000, 27 in 1999, and 16 in 1998 [1-5].
		The 38 patients who ingested lethal medications in 2002 represent an estimated 13/10,000 total deaths, compared with 6/10,000 in 1998 and 9/10,000 in both 1999 and 2000, and 7/10,000 in 2001.
		The median interval between ingestion and death varied by medication and dose: 30 minutes when 9 grams of secobarbital were prescribed, 60 minutes when 9 grams of pentobarbital were prescribed, 15 minutes when 10 grams of pentobarbital were prescribed (see Lethal Medication).
	www.learnathome.com /news/1189365.html (700 words)

	Oregon DHS: News release March 5, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two additional deaths were to patients who received their prescriptions in 2001, for a total of 38 deaths in 2002.
		Six of the 58 patients who received prescriptions in 2002 were alive at the end of the year and 16 died of their illness.
		The interval between ingestion and death was shortest for patients using 10 grams of pentobarbital; half of all deaths occurred within 15 minutes and no patient lived for more than one hour.
	www.dhs.state.or.us /news/2003news/2003-0305.html (492 words)

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