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Topic: Debeaking

	Debeaking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Debeaking, also known as "beak trimming," is a process by which parts of the beak of a chicken are removed.
		Advocates of the process argue that the side effects of debeaking should be considered collateral damage, since they consider it necessary for mass production of meat.
		It is sometimes compared to the trimming of human fingernails, although clipping fingernails does not result in the damage of tissue or nerves, as debeaking does.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Debeaking (277 words)

	Egg Production - Debeaking Poultry: Facts that people should know, poultry, free-range, eggs, chickens, hens, battery, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Debeaking ("beak trimming") has been scientifically demonstrated to cause severe pain in the sensitive beak of a bird and lifelong behavioral impairment.
		The hot blade used in debeaking cuts through this complex horn, bone, and sensitive tissue causing severe pain and the formation of tumors in the healed beak stump.
		Behavioral studies show that debeaked chickens are unable to eat, drink, and preen properly, and that they exhibit behavioral disorders associated with chronic pain and depression.
	www.all-creatures.org /articles/egg-debeaking.html (258 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		hens are debeaked with a hot machine blade once and often twice during their lives, typically at one day old and again at seven weeks old, because a young beak will often grow back.
		Debeaking is done to offset the effects of the compulsive pecking that can afflict birds designed by nature to roam, scratch, and peck at the ground all day, not sit in prison; and to save feed costs and promote conversion of less food into more eggs.
		Debeaked birds have impaired grasping ability and are in pain and distress, therefore eating less, flinging their food less, and "wasting" less energy than intact birds.
	www.indianvegan.com /Eggs.htm (1210 words)

	Farm Sanctuary - Newsletter
		Debeaking is a standard practice in the poultry industry, and is done to minimize injuries which occur when chickens and turkeys are crowded into warehouses.
		Debeaking is a painful procedure which involves cutting or burning through beak bone, cartilage, and soft tissue---it is not like trimming nails as the industry claimed for years.
		In addition to being debeaked, billions of chickens and turkeys also have their toes cut off to reduce claw-related injuries to other birds, and bird handlers.
	www.farmsanctuary.org /newsletter/newslet5.htm (900 words)

	Method and apparatus for automatically treating animals, preferably birds, such as young chicks, young guineafowls, ...
		Debeaking element 110 extends between nozzle 114 and exhaust tube 118 and is fixed either rigidly or resiliently, in the vertical direction, to tube 117.
		As table 20 rotates and a loaded bird approaches debeaking station 35, mobile support 134 is caused by actuator means 41 previously described to descend towards table 20 and causing thereby debeaking assembly 34 to also descend and pivot outwardly towards support 30 whether an animal is present or not at debeaking station 35.
		Debeaking element 529 is electrically heated as understandable from the drawing of electric wires 530.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4681565.html (9904 words)

	Turkeys Information Sheet
		Estimates for the numbers of turkeys which suffer debeaking vary between 20% and 80% and it is likely that the true figure lies somewhere between these.
		Debeaking is more common for turkeys kept in pole barns than those reared in broiler sheds where aggression can be minimised by dim lighting.
		Debeaking involves slicing off about one-third of the beak with a red hot blade when the turkey is around five days old (breeders may be debeaked again at 14 to 18 weeks).
	www.vegsoc.org /info/turkey.html (1208 words)

	New England Anti-vivisection Society (NEAVS)
		In addition to traditional experiments involving food deprivation, debeaking, slaughter, and heat stress, poultry are increasingly being used in all kinds of transgenic and cloning experiments on behalf of the biomedical industry and the food industry.
		Debeaking is very painful to birds, for as veterinarian Robert Clipsham explains in his article “Beak Injuries,” the thin skin underlying the horny covering of the beak is composed of “a dense mixture of blood vessels, connective tissues and nerves” (Clipsham, p.
		Yet debeaking experiments continue to be done, adding to the weight of evidence as to why debeaking (or “beak trimming”) should not be done.
	www.neavs.org /programs/papers/birdsreasearch_5_agricultural_kdavis.htm (4657 words)

	Battery Hens :: Animals Australia federation of animal welfare and animal rights
		Egg producers routinely debeak chicks at 1-10 days old by cutting off up to half of the upper mandible and a third of the bottom with a red hot blade or wire.
		Debeaking is a painful procedure which causes chicks extreme shock, and some may even die.
		In addition to debeaking, NZ hens may have the middle front toe partially amputated in an attempt to reduce injury to the other birds in the cage.
	www.animalsaustralia.org /default2.asp?idL1=1273&idL2=1286 (1813 words)

	Poultry beak remover - Patent 4040425
		A beak remover as in claim 8, wherein the electrical circuit means further includes a step-up transformer connected to one of the electrodes and an SCR controlled capacitive discharge circuit means connected with the step-up transformer for initially producing a high potential difference across the electrodes to ionize the spark discharge path.
		The placement of the beak and the total time of spark emission and intensity of the spark are adjusted to have the effect of destroying whatever portion of the beak tissue is desired or necessary to cause the appropriate effect.
		Debeaking of the bird is thus caused automatically when the switch is actuated upon placement of the bird's head in the proper position.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4040425.html (3370 words)

	Shameway > PETA and Safeway
		The average stocking density for henhouses across the United States is an abysmal 48 to 54 square inches per bird—these conditions don’t allow hens enough space to spread even one wing their entire lives, and losses from death are in excess of 16 percent in many systems.
		Debeaking is the industry’s cruel response to the destruction of nature’s pecking order, which causes birds to go insane and fight because of overcrowding.
		For example, if birds attack one another out of frustration, debeaking is not the solution—environmental enrichment is. Thus, debeaking, declawing, despurring, dubbing, the use of intranasal implants, and toe removal should all be eliminated.
	www.shameway.com /let10-17add.html (2292 words)

	Pets.ca - Pet forum for dogs cats and humans - Turkey Talk
		(you say debeaking the best way to raise a bird, but your talking dinner late there) im sure if your talking mass meat production yeah it is probably the best action, but for a normal bird in a loving home that should not be so.
		Debeaking, to some of you, must mean taking their beaks right off.
		All I can say in defense for debeaking the birds is that I had no intention of keeping the birds as pets, and I raised white turkeys, not the bronze ones, white turkeys were less aggressive than the bronze ones.
	www.pets.ca /forum/printthread.php?t=9716 (1567 words)

	Prognosis*
		In one article the birds in all the debeaked groups consumed less feed and had better feed efficiency than the birds that were not debeaked.
		Debeaking is not only economically feasible for the broiler and layer industry, but it also benefits the quail industry.
		Lee K, Reid IS. The effects of Marek’s disease vaccination and day-old debeaking on the performance of growing pullets and laying hens.
	www.msstate.edu /courses/lh5012/WorkingOne.htm (1527 words)

	Debeaking
		Debeaking and its consequences are radical and long-lasting for the chicken.
		Blade temperature, placement of the beak during debeaking and the speed at which the blade debeaks are all of optimal importance during debeaking.
		At 6 weeks of age hens are usually debeaked on a beak support, which is a crossbar.
	www.impex.nl /systems_for_livestock/debeaking1.htm (214 words)

	Laying Hens Information Sheet
		This is obviously very painful for the birds and studies have shown that the pain lasts for a prolonged period if not indefinitely.
		Birds may not resume normal pecking or preening for as long as six weeks after debeaking, and in some cases profuse bleeding and death from shock occurs.
		Debeaking is more common in free-range hens than battery hens.
	www.vegsoc.org /info/laying.html (1459 words)

	Ban Battery Cages: Research: Background
		Despite the vital importance of her beak in many of a hen's activities, it is routine practice in the egg industry to slice off, using a hot metal blade, up to two-thirds of her beak.
		Egg producers and those who support their practices use the word cannibalism to reassure potentially concerned consumers that debeaking is necessary for the safety and well-being of the hens.
		While cannibalism does not in fact occur, hens in factory farms do display a distorted behavior of defense that is caused by abnormal levels of stress, crowding, and the restriction of normal activities, which is what they experience during life in a cage.
	www.ca4a.org /bbc/research/background.html (1218 words)

	Shameway > The Animals > Egg-Laying Hens
		Rather than making conditions more tolerable, the industry response is to "debeak" the hens by searing their beaks off with a hot blade.
		The debeaking process is very painful and can cause hens to starve to death when eating becomes too painful.
		In the eyes of the industry, "Cages are expensive, but hens are cheap." The practice of debeaking must be eliminated.
	www.shameway.com /eggs2.html (653 words)

	Egg Production - Debeaking Poultry: Comments to an e-mail chat between Robert Huggins, an industry reaseacher, and ...
		The birds that were debeaked with the Lyons debeaker suffered the most, being lightest in the end.
		As mentioned, two methods of debeaking were used, and we used the Precision Debeaker, which has a hot blade and also a guide with a 1/8 inch hole for placing the beak prior to cutting.
		What needs to be determined now, is this: Is debeaking necessary in any area of the Poultry Industry given the fact that over the years there has been a significant reduction in Cannibalism due to improved nutrition and Genetics.
	www.all-creatures.org /articles/egg-debeaking-rh-com.html (2394 words)

	The Home Flock Guide
		Chicks being reared for broiler production should be debeaked at the hatchery or when first placed in the growout facility.
		The chicks being reared for egg production should be debeaked at 7 to 10 days of age to avoid problems in the rearing and laying house.
		Debeaking consists of the removal of the upper and lower beaks by means of a heated cutting and cauterizing blade.
	www.msstate.edu /dept/poultry/exthome.htm (3760 words)

	Factory farming
		This often causes "vices" (unnatural behaviour caused by mental stress) such as cannibalism, and these may be countered through procedures like debeaking and tail docking.
		Concentrated animal waste is polluting the groundwater, and creating dust, fly, and odor problems for their neighbors.
		Crowding, drugging, and mutilating animals (often, debeaking and tail-docking, performed without anesthetic) are criminally cruel practices.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/f/fa/factory_farming.html (452 words)

	Chicken (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The reason for "debeaking" is that without it, chickens in their cramped circumstances would peck each other and even attack and kill each other.
		Obviously, a chicken which needs to be "debeaked" in the first place is not a happy chicken; and the process of debeaking (akin to partial amputation of a human finger, without anesthesia) is quite painful in itself.
		But chickens and turkeys are still killed long before their natural lifespan has elapsed, and it still is not a healthful food, as meat from any chicken or turkey—no matter how "humanely" raised—is going to be high in fat or protein (or both), and completely lacking in fiber.
	www.vsc.org /chicken.htm (1366 words)

	Hidden cruelty exposed - Opinion
		To combat this, the egg industry had developed a procedure called “debeaking.” When birds are debeaked, they have up to two-thirds of their beaks cut off with a hot knife.
		Debeaking makes it impossible for the birds to peck each other to death, resulting in greater profits for the egg industry.
		Though hens have been genetically engineered to produce more than twice the amount of eggs that they used to, the horrible conditions in which they are forced to live causes them to produce fewer eggs than they would if they were kept in better conditions.
	www.brockpress.com /media/paper384/news/2001/11/20/Opinion/Hidden.Cruelty.Exposed-149716.shtml (1051 words)

	UPC Factsheet - Debeaking
		Some poultry scientists and other poultry industry representatives say opposition to debeaking is based "more on emotion than research." In fact, debeaking was fully explored by the Brambell Committee, a group of veterinarians and other experts appointed by Parliament to investigate animal welfare concerns arising from intensive farming in the early 1960's.
		Between the horn and bone [of the beak] is a thin layer of highly sensitive soft tissue, resembling the quick of the human nail.
		Gentle and associates compared 5 behaviors in 16 experimentally debeaked Leghorn hens with the same behaviors in a control (nondebeaked) group of hens: number of bill wipes, head shakes, drinking movements, pecks directed to water and floor, and pecks directed to cage sides.
	www.upc-online.org /merchandise/debeak_factsheet.html (1012 words)

	Factory Farming - Needs Title
		The move--the first of its kind by any major U.S. food supplier--was prompted by a combination of factors, including pressure from animal rights activists and growing concern among government and academic scientists that current methods of caring for chickens may increase the risk for diseases that can be spread to humans.
		Those premium eggs make up a small portion of the egg market--industry sources estimate it at 2 percent to 3 percent of the 239 billion eggs produced yearly--but this segment is growing and commands considerably higher prices.
		The fact that they are packed so tightly into cages and that the hens have been bred to increase their aggressive qualities lead to the potentially lethal pecking.
	www.factoryfarming.com /wp_mcd.htm (1008 words)

	Double-R Discount Supply - GQF Debeaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		At Georgia Quail Farm we debeak all our chicks between a week and ten days of age, again at six weeks of age and again at twelve weeks of age.
		Debeaking is a must and very inexpensive for the small operator as well as the large.
		All that is required is to cut the upper beak about one third of the distance back.
	www.dblrsupply.com /store/gqf/0216.html (114 words)

	TheVegetarianSite.com: Animal Agriculture
		They are largely immobilized by an electrified bath, then their throats are slit by a mechanical blade, and finally they are submerged in a scalding tank, sometimes still conscious while boiled.
		Turkeys are raised and slaughtered similarly, though in addition to debeaking they often undergo unanesthetized toe clipping to reduce any damage due to fighting under the stressful environment.
		Usually four or five debeaked hens are fit so tightly per cage that the birds eventually lose the majority of their feathers due to unavoidable rubbing against the cage wires.
	www.thevegetariansite.com /ethics_ag.htm (572 words)

	MY QUEST FOR A HUMANE EGG
		It is not reasonable to assume that there is ample space, that birds are not debeaked (as in factory farms), or that their physical and psychological welfare is of any concern to the producer.
		They are debeaked because that is necessary to keep them from injuring each other." If, in fact, Trader Joe's deems debeaking as necessary, then this immediately reveals the high density of birds.
		Allow me to digress for a moment to detail debeaking: It is a process by which much of a young chick's beak is burned or cut off without anesthetic.
	www.ecomall.com /greenshopping/eggs.htm (1222 words)

	[No title]
		The current debeaking practices include using a hot blade to remove the upper portions of the top beak and the lower portion of the bottom beak.
		If physical alterations, such as debeaking, are performed, all steps should be taken to minimize pain, suffering, and stress of the animal.
		Debeaking Debeaking has always been a concern with consumers interested in animal welfare.
	www.uvm.edu /~clittle/FINAL.doc (13862 words)

	Egg Production - Debeaking Poultry: An e-mail chat between Robert Huggins, an industry reaseacher, and Frank L. Hoffman ...
		The results showed that for the first couple of days there was a discomfort of the birds which were expected, however, the final result showed no difference in performance.
		You are the first person with truly practical and documented evidence about debeaking, from the industry, with whom I have had a chance to discuss this issue.
		It is my understanding that some or all debeaking machines have hot knives to cauterize the cut blood vessels.
	www.all-creatures.org /articles/egg-debeaking-rh.html (1522 words)

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