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	Debtor's prison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A debtor's prison is a prison for people unable to pay a debt to another.
		Prior to the mid 19th century debtor's prisons were a common way to deal with unpaid debt.
		Debtor's prisons varied in the amount of freedom they allowed the debtor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Debtors'_prison (145 words)

	Republic of Debtors: Bankruptcy in the Age of American Independence
		Confinement in the debtors' prison acted as a guarantee of appearance in court.
		However, there were two ways to leave prison, by the debtor offering assets equal in value to the debt as security or finding someone to post bail and effectively act as a guarantor for the debt.
		Benevolent and charitable societies attempted to aid those in debtors' prison through aid in the form of clothes and food as well as by calling the deplorable conditions in the prison to the attention of the general public.
	www.eh.net /bookreviews/library/0740.shtml (1480 words)

	Prison Systems - History
		Debtors prison was a place where they took people who couldn't pay their taxesor rent etc.
		All types of prisoners were herded together with no separation of men and women, the young and the old, the convicted and the unconvicted, or the sane and the insane.
		The prisons also held people waiting to be tried and the convicted awaiting their sentences (death or transportation) to be put into effect.
	www.members.tripod.com /prison102/history.html (706 words)

	The Prison In The Eighteenth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Prison work was seen as being a way for the prisoners to pay for their food whilst there, and also as a way to provide the prisoners with a small amount of capital with which to leave prison with.
		The position of the debtors in prison, was slightly different to that of the regular prison population.
		The theory behind the debtors rooms was that the men in there would be able to work in order to pay off their debts, however, in reality, this was often not possible as the opportunities for work were limited.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /users/history/studpages/lanchistory/prisonin.htm (1057 words)

	Prisons and gallows \| British History Online
		York was one of 17 towns whose prisons were brought within the terms of the Gaol Act of 1823, a statute primarily designed to regulate the gaols of counties.
		After 1838 the health of the prisoners and the cleanliness of the buildings were always commended, although in the forties the diet was inadequate.
		The prison was built at the joint cost of the city and The Ainsty, the city defraying three-fifths of the whole, and at first served both areas.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=36384 (5791 words)

	Debtor's Prison
		By forcing debtors to become fully responsible for their debts, and by not allowing them to avoid payment of a debt by remaining idle or remaining poor, we would very likely bring more responsible behavior to other areas of their lives.
		Apart from the benefit debtors prisons would have on making it easier for the poor to succeed in business by allowing them to collect from their debtors, more readily available credit would also make it easier for the poor to start businesses or to otherwise make meaningful investments.
		If my prospective clients faced the prospect of debtors prison if they refused to pay their bill, I would seldom refuse clients simply because they were unable to pay my bill when they walked in the door.
	www.jesbeard.com /w2.htm (1723 words)

	Imprisonment for debt rules, 1834
		We look upon it indeed not in the light of a relief to the debtor upon the principle we have discussed, for in fact it does not touch the question of confinement for debt in the abstract, but as a release from the filth and the horrors and abominations of the Sydney Gaol.
		Debtors in the Rules were able to live almost normal lives, and to earn a living.
		Another way to lessen the law's severity was to allow debtors to leave the gaol for short periods: this was done by prison officials on the lodging of security and was sometimes called a run on the key.
	www.law.mq.edu.au /scnsw/Cases1834/html/imprisonment_for_debt_rules__1.htm (1034 words)

	DEBTORS PRISON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Debtors prison was abolished in most civilized countries, including the United States, in the 19th century.
		Lanager would remain in prison until the date of his maximum sentence, April 11, 1998.
		In addition it is not clear why it took from the date of the parole hearing, July 14, 1997, until October 14, 1997, to notify Mr.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/j/p/jph13/DebtorsPrison.html (516 words)

	Prison Report 1842 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Debtors - The Turnkey in charge of them states :- Many of the debtors who have plenty of money, come for the bread, which is issued twice-a-week in equal proportions; some are having wine who take it, and are far from being objects of charity; out of 108 debtors, 91 are now getting the bread.
		The number of prisoners at the time of my visit was 39, the men were sleeping 3 to a Bed; and a bedstead had also been placed in the day-room.
		I have in a former Report strongly animadverted upon the impropriety of ths combination of public house and prison, nor am I at all surprised at the outrageous circumstances of which it has been the theatre, seeing that the gaolers of these private jurisdictions are completely beyond the exercise of any direct superintendence or control.
	www.institutions.org.uk /prisons/info/prison_report_1842.htm (3040 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Until the nineteenth century, except for the King's Bench, Marshalsea and Fleet prisons (debtors prisons) and Newgate gaol which were all Crown prisons attached to the central courts, prisons were administered locally and were not the responsibility or property of central government.
		Registers of prisoners in various prisons may be found in PCOM 2, HO 23 (rented cells in county prisons) and HO 24 (Millbank, Parkhurst and Pentonville).
		Debtors were freed when the plaintiff's chance to render a case against the debtors expired, if the debt was paid, or if an Insolvent Debtors Act permitted.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /catalogue/Leaflets/ri2195.htm (6398 words)

	Debtors Prison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Debtors' prisons are back in fashion in Ontario and the pleas for help landing on this desk are increasing.
		Searching for an answer to how many men are going to prison as debtors, not convicts, a formal inquiry was fed into the attorney general's department.
		A government agency is feeding debtors into the prison system and not keeping a head count.
	www.fathers.ca /debtors_prison1.htm (818 words)

	Debtors and Creditors in America: Insolvency, Imprisonment for Debt, and Bankruptcy, 1607-1900 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Debtors' prison awaited those who could not pay their debts, and a pauper's grave received the unfortunate who lacked the private means to feed and clothe himself in prison.
		While the debtors' prisons described in this book no longer exist, the author maintains that our credit-oriented society has yet to devise cheap, efficient, equitable, and humane methods of enforcing contracts for debt.
		Another modification, applicable to petty debts, provided a release from prison and immunity from rearrest of the debtor swore he was impoverished - presumably a more effective deterrent centuries ago when there was true shame associated with being a deadbeat.
	beardbooks.com /debtors_and_creditors_in_america.html (922 words)

	Victorian London - Prisons and Penal System - Prisons - Fleet Prison
		Here might be seen the turbaned debtor, bewrapped in the dirty relics of his flaunting finery; the ci-devant man of property creeping about in rags, and craving to do the offices of the menial; and the woful wife ministering to cheat sorrow of a smile, yet heart-sick and sore.
		The latter prisoner would then provide himself with a common lodging, by letting which prisoners in the Fleet are known to have accumulated hundreds of pounds in the course of a few years.
		The outer walls were removed Feb.20th, 1846, and the prison abolished, pursuant to 5 and 6 Vict., c22, by which the three prisons, the Fleet, the Queen's Bench, and Marshalsea were consolidated, and made one by the name of the Queen's Prison.
	www.victorianlondon.org /prisons/fleetprison.htm (954 words)

	The Head Heeb: Not exactly Chapter 7
		During the 18th century, an ordinary debtor not engaged in "trade" was insolvent rather than bankrupt, which usually led to debtors' prison.
		For instance, legislation enacted in 1705 allowed the merchant debtor to discharged from his debts, if he submitted to the Court's authority, surrendered all of his property and obeyed the restrictions imposed on him by the law.
		Although the prisoner claimed that the banknotes were Ferne's own, the jury convicted him and he was executed at Smithfield on November 11, 1761.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/022903.html (744 words)

	American hospitals arrest poor patients-debtors prison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tough Tactic The legal tactic of arresting a debtor who fails to appear for a court hearing -- known in some areas as "body attachment" -- is so extreme that some of the country's biggest commercial creditors say they never use it.
		Carle defends its debt-collection practices, emphasizing that body attachments are imposed by a judge as the legal result of a debtor's violating a court order.
		Another debtor, Leslie Caplan Block of Newton, Conn., says she was home caring for her infant twins and 3-year-old daughter in September 2000 when two sheriffs' deputies arrived.
	www.thehelparchive.com /new-1904261-219.html (3355 words)

	Debtors Prison
		When you get out of prison, and society wants you to NOT commit another crime — obviously, but I think society needs to be more enabling in order to be successful in that.
		All these guys go to prison and get sober and realize how smart they are, then kick themselves the rest of the time they’re in the joint.
		For example, in the mid-’90s, the state passed legislation that basically stopped all college education and degrees in the prison system.
	www.realchangenews.org /pastissuesupgrade/2004_04_15/current/features/debtors.html (1383 words)

	Little Dorrit. Marshalsea Debtors Prison. Original London Walks. (London Walks)
		It dominates Little Dorrit, the heroine of which is a debtor’s daughter, born and raised within its confines.
		And Dickens was speaking from personal experience when he wrote about ‘the games of the prison children as they whooped and ran, and played at hide-and-seek, and made the iron bars of the inner gateway “Home”’.
		It is also in this church that, on returning to the Marshalsea Prison, she finds herself locked out and so spends the night in the vestry of the church, using the church register as a pillow.
	www.london-walks.co.uk /31/little-dorrit-marshalsea-.shtml (420 words)

	The Power and Influence of Gaolers: Life and Death in York Debtors’ Prison
		Within the prison, though, conditions were much bleaker than the elegant exterior suggested, and overcrowding and disease took their toll on people imprisoned often for small debts.
		Prisoners for debt often spent years in confinement, and had to pay substantial fees and charges to their gaoler.
		The gaoler was able to influence several prisoners and assistants to testify on his behalf, and was acquitted, but Petyt got a sort of posthumous revenge.
	www.hud.ac.uk /news/05_01/history/phil.htm (743 words)

	Anti-State.com : What happened to debtors' prison?, by Mark Gillespie
		One way would be for the prison to purchase the person's debt in return for the right to take possession of the debtor, for a term of service, to pay off the acquired debt of the prison.
		Another way would be for the debtor himself to go to a private prison and contract with them to utilize their tools, industries and jobs, in order to pay his debt.
		So, a decently run, clean, non-violent, college dorm-like debtors' prison could be a viable and visionary choice of business for a free-wheeling, free-market anarcho-capitalist.
	www.anti-state.com /article.php?article_id=342 (645 words)

	Social Research: A King Lear of the debtors' prison: Dickens and Shakespeare on mortal shame
		It resulted from an action brought by the unpaid creditor: not a very practical scheme, since the debtor was thereby deprived of livelihood, but effective nonetheless because of the public shaming of the prisoner and his family, who still had to find means to support themselves or beg for money outright.
		Dickens's choice of the Marshalsea prison as the setting for this family's pretensions and the fealty of its one saving daughter was an inspired one, because the need to accept charity in any form was a consuming Puritan and Victorian fear (Welsh, 1986 [ 1971]: 86-100).
		By the time the reader is privileged to watch the hands of the Father of the Marshalsea opening and shutting like valves as if to control his shame, Amy Dorrit is in love with Clennam, though the latter persists in thinking her the "child" he first imagined her to be.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2267/is_4_70/ai_112943742/pg_2 (1317 words)

	H-Net Review: Patricia Rogers on Republic of Debtors: Bankruptcy in the Age of American Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The reality of insolvency and debtors' prison seemingly stood in stark contrast to this higher and improved state, while simultaneously mirroring the dilemmas of the new republic's founders who, now that they had ressurected a classical republic in the modern era, confronted the dilemmas of implementing it.
		Adding to their misfortunes, American debtors frequently fared even worse than the prisoners, since the jailers were responsible for the feeding and upkeep of the latter, but not the debtors.
		Just as the notion of a "wealthy debtor" appears to be an oxymoron, the first panic, which witnessed the imprisonment of these wealthy debtors, confused and challenged expectations regarding social and economic position, eventually pushing the issue into the political arena, where the social hierarchy embedded in the discourse quickly surfaced.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=166271096028773 (4117 words)

	Dickens . London Tour . Marshalsea Debtors' Prison \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		John Dickens was released from the prison when he came into a small inheritance that helped pay off his debts.
		Much of LITTLE DORRIT takes place in and around The Marshalsea, and the novel is a testament to the lasting impact it had on Dickens and the depth of his despair at this time in his life.
		The remains of the once-imposing prison now lie crumbling in a public park that was created around the original site.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/dickens/pop_tour/tour_pop4.html (318 words)

	[No title]
		The inmates of this prison are most aptly represented by those who toil in miserable conditions, for miserly wages, in sweatshops around the world.
		Let's take a look at: * How the modern debtors prison came into being, * Why the global debtors prison is a sweatshop, * Who are the jailors and the inmates of this prison, and * Alternatives for the world's working poor - and for ourselves - once we have abolished the global debtors prison.
		Sweatshops are a debtors prison - and the creditors have thrown away the key.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/99lab/support_McKinney_debt-relief_bill_ (1913 words)

	Prisons in Little Dorrit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dorrit and his son, Tip, must live as inmates of the debtors' prison, but when they become free to leave its walls--whether permanently at the end of the first book or temporarily as when Tip seeks work--they retain the prison mentality: "Wherever he went, this foredoomed Tip appeared to take the prison walls with him.
		Clennam, confined to the physical prison of her room, also suffers with the guilt of withholding wealth from her son.
		Her prison corrodes her being: "But let him look at me, in prison, and in bonds here.
	www.victorianweb.org /authors/dickens/ld/61ld8.html (363 words)

	Introduction to Georgia - The United States of America
		ames Oglethorpe was angry after a friend of his died in debtors' prison and called for an investigation into the conditions of British jails.
		He also formulated a plan to obtain the release of people from debtors' prison and to establish a new colony, south of Carolina, to be inhabited by the "worthy poor" of London.
		In the Royal Charter (June 20, 1732), granted by King George II for the colony of Georgia, a board of Trustees was established to fulfill this goal.
	www.netstate.com /states/intro/ga_intro.htm (723 words)

	Corvus '94 - Clifford's Tower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Clifford’s Tower, the bailey walls, towers, gates, bridges, two halls, a chapel, a kitchen and a prison were all built at York Castle at this time.
		The Debtors Prison was built in 1701-5, the Assize Courts in 1773-7 and the Female Prison in 1780.
		The two prison buildings are now York Castle Museum, while people are still tried in the Assize Court building.
	members.aol.com /corvus1994/cli.htm (374 words)

	Debtors, Creditors, and Bankrupts in Victorian Anglo-America
		Subjected instead to the relative rigors of the insolvency courts, these debtors--in sharp contrast to commercial bankrupts--confronted substantial difficulties in seeking to liquidate their debts at law, and typically suffered incarceration in a debtors' prison prior to their release from the legal system's grasp.
		Bankrupts won most of these political and legal battles; the 1841 Act accordingly shifted the balance of legal power markedly in favor of the insolvent debtor, with important implications for the tenor of the private negotiations that often settled the terms of a bankruptcy.
		In addition, the implementation of the 1841 Act suggests the limited ability of antebellum reformers to use the law as a means of refashioning the culture of economic exchange.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~law/ASLH/conferences/1998conference/102498330b.htm (1036 words)

	Print Version - The Jewish Ethicist: Debtor's Prison
		The basis for these leniencies was that being strict on the debtor ultimately worked to his advantage because the lender is more likely to extend credit when it is relatively easy for him to collect his debt.
		Many leading authorities opposed this practice altogether; others sanctioned it reluctantly in cases where it was known that the debtor could pay but refused to do so, or in cases where the borrowers themselves asked to have this punishment imposed in order to enable them to obtain credit.
		In the past, the main reason to limit sanctions against debtors was the Torah mandate to preserve the dignity of the borrower; against this Jewish communities weighed the poor person's need for credit.
	www.aish.com /SSI/articleToPrint.asp?PageURL=/societyWork/work/The_Jewish_Ethicist_Debtors_Prison.xml&torahportion= (796 words)

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