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Topic: Decade (log scale)

	Logarithmic scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A logarithmic scale is a scale of measurement that uses the logarithm of a physical quantity instead of the quantity itself.
		Richter magnitude scale for strength of earthquakes and movement in the earth.
		A logarithmic scale is also a graphic scale on one or both sides of a graph where a number x is printed at a distance c·10^log(x) from the point marked with the number 1.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logarithmic_scale (696 words)

	Technical Market Research for Professional Traders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Log scale charts offer aesthetic and visual advantages if the goal is to display many years of historical data in a single chart.
		Log scale charts were conceived in the pre-computer era as a means of fitting many years of historical data into one chart.
		Log scaled charts were never intended as a means of providing special benefit or advantage in the areas of long-term trend analysis or trading signal generation.
	www.charttricks.com /Archives/archive_research/2005/log_is_bad.htm (466 words)

	Basics of Bode Plots
		Phase is generally plotted on a linear scale in degrees vs. frequency on a log scale.
		On a log frequency axis, this is a straight line, and the slope is -20 db/decade for all frequencies.
		Since the log of a product of terms is the sum of the logs of the terms, the plot of the overall magnitude for the transfer function is simply the sums of the individual plots when the magnitudes are expressed in decibels.
	ece.gmu.edu /~gbeale/ece_421/bode_basics.html (2032 words)

	Logarithm Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		First, the scale of the logarithmic axis represents the log of a variable; however, the axis is labeled using the values of the original variable.
		Scale elongation is used to increase the resolution of a function whose dependent or independent values are close to zero.
		Scale compression is used when one or both of the dependent and independent variables cover a large range of values.
	aghort.nmsu.edu /soils/soil_physics/tutorials/log/log_home.html (1906 words)

	Special Scales
		The H1 scale spanned the space corresponding to 0.1 to 1 on the C scale, and the H2 scale spanned the space corresponding to 1 to 10 on the C scale.
		The C sub r scale was on the slider, and ran from 100 to 10 to 1 to.1 to.01.
		CL: An angle on this scale corresponds to twice its equivalent in radians on the R scale; it is used for calculating the length along a rounded corner.
	www.quadibloc.com /math/sr02.htm (3532 words)

	Bode log-log plot1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		With hgain = 1 horizontal scale is in angular frequency and 0.01 to 100 covering 4 decades.
		Red line is linear plot of the same function using the same horizontal log scale but a vertical linear scale(0 to 4/3).
		The vertical scale for phase is from -
	circuitscan.homestead.com /files/ancircp/bode1.htm (294 words)

	David Crate's Quality Slide Rules
		It has several scales, probably seven or less, the majority of which are graded logarithmically in a range from 1 to 10 (although the ten is almost universally represented by a '1', signifying the relativity of the decimal point reference).
		Variations of these are common, especially the 'CI' scale, which is simply the 'C' scale running backwards to provide reciprocal (I is for "inverse") of the number indicated on C (and D if the C and D scales are aligned, or "registered").
		Usually there is an L scale which is a linear scale that corresponds to the base 10 log of the other scales (which are logarithmic).
	www.amug.org /~puppy/canon.html (1128 words)

	Slide Rule
		Distances on a number scale are proportional to the logarithms of numbers, instead of to the numbers themselves, as on a linear scale, as found on a ruler, for example.
		Move the slide until the divisor on the C scale is under the cursor, and read the quotient on the D scale at whichever end of the C scale is on the D scale.
		The L scale is a linear scale graduated from 0 to 1, giving the common logarithms of numbers on the C scale, or antilogarithms if read the other way.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/tech/slidrul.htm (2326 words)

	Very Rare Events
		It is hoped that this scale will provide a uniform standard with which the probabilities of both very rare or nearly certain events can be communicated and intelligently compared.
		When the log-odds scale is used in this context, the slope coefficient b is immediately interpretable as the change in log-odds per unit change in x.
		Historically, the odds scale was the preferred system for measuring probabilities by professional gamblers; it was not until recent times that probabilities were used at all.
	www.aetheling.com /docs/Rarity.htm (1417 words)

	Ask E.T.: Plotting Share (Stock) Volumes
		As a statistican would say, "If in doubt, take logs." The world in general is probably lognormally rather than normally distributed, and thus many variables are better measured on a logarithmic scale (which is multiplicative) rather than an additive scale--just as graphics sometimes use ratio scales.
		Using a log scale for trading volume is unusual.
		The idea is to replace the scale in the lowest decade between 1 and 1.5 with a linear scale from 0 to 1.5.
	www.edwardtufte.com /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0000Ns&topic_id=1 (726 words)

	Feedback Loop and Bode Plot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Usually the gain in decibels, abbreviated dB, and the phase are plotted linearly along the y axis on graph paper that has several cycles of a log scale on the x axis.
		This is an increase of one octave wherever it occurs.
		Although the x axis is a log frequency scale, the values of frequency are indicated directly for convenience.
	www.oz.net /~coilgun/levitation/bodeplot.htm (721 words)

	CRB Trader Archive
		The vertical distance on the log scale for the move from two to four is the same as that of the move from 20 to 40.
		If the trader had used the log scaled chart on the bottom, he would have been able to see that the long- term trend in prices was consistent and this would have allowed him to do better analysis on the market.
		Log scaling allows the trader to see a clearer picture of percentage changes than arithmetic scaling when markets move to different price levels.
	www.crbtrader.com /trader/v07n01/chartistcorner.asp (873 words)

	Topdrawer Reference Manual 15.64.49.6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Each decade may be divided into subintervals corresponding to the leading digit of the scale (1,2...,9).
		Labelled ticks at each decade are always long.
		Generally if less than one half decade is plotted the rules for making linear scales and ticks are followed.
	www.pa.msu.edu /reference/topdrawer-docs/15.64.49.6.html (205 words)

	FNR-148: Predicting Black Walnut Log Prices
		The market for walnut logs in Indiana is highly developed and based on over a century of fine hardwood processing.
		The upper grade logs (prime) were down from 4 to 16 percent.
		To project the price of a given type of log, substitute into the equation the value of T for the number of additional years of interest.
	www.ces.purdue.edu /extmedia/FNR/FNR-148.html (2537 words)

	Climate
		This is the second of two papers analyzing the internal liquid water content (LWC) structure of marine stratocumulus (Sc) based on observations taken during the FIRE 1987 and ASTEX 1992 field programs.
		Part 1 examined wavenumber spectra and the three-decade scale range (tens of m to tens of km) over which scale-invariance holds; the inability of spectral analysis to distinguish between different random processes was also underscored.
		This indetermination is removed in this part by applying multifractal analysis techniques to the LWC fields, leading to a characterization of the role of intermittency in marine Sc.
	climate.gsfc.nasa.gov /viewPaperAbstract.php?id=424 (320 words)

	Bode' Plots
		The horizontal axis is frequency - plotted on a log scale.
		The horizontal axis is scaled using a logarithmic frequency scale.
		Decade is based on a Latin root - referring to the number 10.
	www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /mastascu/eControlHTML/Freq/Freq5.html (3940 words)

	Cabin Kits of Miniature Log Cabins- Rustic Replicas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Soon the attackers quit the attack, looted the log cabin homes in the vicinity of the fort and left.
		It is a 1" to the foot scale replica of the cabin in The Apple River Fort, Elizabeth, IL.
		It is built of logs and branches of various lengths and sizes.
	cabinkits.blogspot.com (1396 words)

	Electrode Spacings and Apparent Resistivity Plots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		You may have noticed on the previously shown plots of apparent resistivity that the data were plotted on log-log plots rather than the more traditional linear-linear plots.
		One way to help bring out the information content at both the smaller and longer electrode spacings is to plot the same data on a log scale rather than a linear scale.
		Shown below is a plot of log apparent resistivity versus log electrode spacing, where the distance interval is now chosen to be evenly spaced in log distance rather than distance.
	gretchen.geo.rpi.edu /roecker/AppGeo96/lectures/res/distance.html (652 words)

	ELEC 241 Lab - Experiment 5.1
		If you log out, the copy will go away, so don't log out till you are finished.
		It is sometimes useful to view the spectrum on a linear or log-log plot.
		The scale of the axes is controlled by the scale controls in the lower right hand corner of the panel.
	www-ece.rice.edu /~jdw/241_lab5/exp5.1.html (950 words)

	Overview of Display Tranformation
		The cells become piled up in the first channel (against the axis) because the fluorescence parameters are displayed on a log scale where it is not possible to display "zero" or negative values.
		Even though the measurement error is the same in uncompensated samples, the variation becomes obvious when a compensated population has a low mean and therefore appears in the low regions of the log scale.
		This is because log scales expand the view of data in the lower regions (first decade) and compress the view of data in the upper regions (fourth decade).
	www.flowjo.com /v4/html/displaytransform.html (756 words)

	Quickstart Tutorial for Spice 3
		Use: 'dec' for decade variation, in which case N is the number of points per decade; 'oct' for octave variation, in which case N is the number of points per octave; 'lin' for linear variation, when N is the total number of points.
		The xname argument is an expression to use as the scale on the x-axis.
		If xlog or ylog are present then the X or Y scale, respectively, is logarithmic (loglog is the same as specifying both).
	newton.ex.ac.uk /teaching/CDHW/Electronics2/Spice3Quickstart.html (2249 words)

	Logtime: Logarithmic Time Perception With Aging
		The logarithmic scale of time perception presented by this model may be only a rough approximation of actual human perception, but is probably a much closer one than the linear scale usually assumed.
		On a log scale, the reference replacing the zero of a linear scale is unity.
		The author's concept of Logtime, including the basic math, dates from the 1960's, inspired in part by the logarithmic scales on the slide rules then in use before the development of electronic calculators and personal computers, and also by the log scales on some types of graph paper used to plot data.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jmkenney (5086 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Do this by centering one of the zero spaces on the screen and then expanding the time scale as much as possible while keeping a portion of the nonzero part on each side and using the time cursors to measure the time.
		You can use a log-log scale graph and then count the number of decades the line drops or rises per decade change in R, C, or frequency to get the slope.
		Since the points for frequency are less than a decade apart, you will have to extrapolate the line to cover a full decade of frequency.
	engr.astate.edu /jdg/Electronics/Lab1/06Rectification.htm (2913 words)

	iApplianceWeb-iApplianceReview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In an address this month at the International Electron Devices Meeting here, Grove said that leakage per unit of junction area regions is a major issue as chip densities increase to a billion transistors or more.
		While high-k dielectrics and clever circuit design may help keep the industry on its traditional curve of doubling device densities every two to three years, those solutions are likely to run out of steam by the end of this decade.
		During his speech, Grove said that the good news is that device geometries continue to shrink on the semi-log scale predicted by Gordon Moore.
	www.iapplianceweb.com /story/OEG20021219S0049.htm (291 words)

	[No title]
		When disturbance is infrequent, average parameters can be hard to define as the frequency of the disturbance is of the same order of magnitude as changes in the causal factors such as decadal fluctuations and longer-term trends in climate, and human impacts (Zedler 1995, Keeley and Fotheringham 2003).
		In San Diego County, this has resulted in an increased rate of burning (area burned per decade) in coastal shrublands (especially the coastal sage scrub formation), although no trend could be detected for the chaparral formation of the foothills and mountains, more distant from urban development (Wells et al.
		It may be because this study area excludes the low elevation, coastal areas and therefore much of the urban-wildland interface, that we do not see such a trend in these data.
	map.sdsu.edu /fire2003/firehistory.htm (1096 words)

	Introduction to filtering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The magnitude part of a Bode plot is usually a log-log plot: it uses dB (i.e.
		log) scale for magnitude, and log scale for frequency.
		The phase part of the plot is lin-log: linear phase scale, logarithmic frequency scale.
	www.udel.edu /Biology/rosewc/biomed_sig_proc/notes/intro_to_filtering.html (1067 words)

	Fractal fluctuations in human respiration -- Fadel et al. 97 (6): 2056 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		sizes (in seconds) plotted on a log scale.
		Fractal analysis of breathing pattern in a subject in whom fluctuations in breath number and breath amplitude but not respiratory period were fractal.
		decade on a log scale, the fluctuations in number of breaths
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/97/6/2056 (5020 words)

	[No title]
		Adjust FSC (forward scatter) and SSC (side scatter) detector settings so that cells of interest are displayed on scale and can be gated as desired.
		While gating on the cells of interest, adjust FL1, FL2, and FL3 detector settings so that autofluorescence background is roughly within the first decade of the log scale of the fluorescence intensity histogram.
		Compare auto-fluorescence control (unstained cells) with stained cell positive controls to confirm that the stained cells are on scale for each parameter.
	www.cyto.purdue.edu /MD-parts/9bc9f67e5e45d84fe4d0e73e24a98e0349fb19ac.doc (317 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The entire Bode log magnitude plot is the result of the superposition of all the straight line terms.
		To complete the log magnitude vs. frequency plot of a Bode diagram, we superposition all the lines of the different terms on the same plot.
		Example 1: For the transfer function given, sketch the Bode log magnitude diagram which shows how the log magnitude of the system is affected by changing input frequency.
	www.rose-hulman.edu /~Merkel/ES205Lectures/ES205Lecture27BodeSketchingDay1.doc (1198 words)

	[No title]
		Create the PSPICE input file for an AC small signal frequency characteristic in frequency range 100Hz to 1MHz.
		Use log scale for frequency with 5 intervals per decade.
		Use log scale for frequency with 10 intervals per decade.
	www.pjwstk.edu.pl /~mira/wejsc4.htm (152 words)

	1/6 scale PHOENIX LOG HAULER Antique Engines - SmokStak Antique Engines
		It is my understanding there is also a Phoenix log hauler at Cedar Valley Memories, 1525 State St., Osage, IA. It is part of the Smolix Collection.
		Another one is at the logging Museum in Rhinelander, WI.
		I did not realize that Lombard log haulers had two horizontal cylinders, while Phoenix log haulers had four vertical.
	www.smokstak.com /forum/showthread.php?t=20321 (1336 words)

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