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Topic: Deccan Traps

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	Volcano Greenhouse Dinosaur Extinction Theory
		The Deccan Traps volcanism was one of the greatest episodes of mantle plume volcanism in Earth history, and the vast bulk of its lavas erupted right at K-T boundary time.
		Study of the Deccan Traps model promises to shed new light on the role of earth's thermal evolution upon the evolution of life.
		Deccan Traps volcanic CO2 accumulation in marine waters also accounts for the trans-K-T extinction of both swimmers and organisms living on, or attached to, the ocean floor.
	filebox.vt.edu /artsci/geology/mclean/Dinosaur_Volcano_Extinction/pages/studentv.html (5604 words)

	Deccan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The vast volcanic basalt beds of the Deccan were laid down in the massive Deccan Traps eruption, which occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period, 65 million years ago.
		Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the main language of the north-western portion of the Deccan plateau.
		Tamil is the main language of the country to the south of the plateau, and Malayalam that of the hills and coast to the south-west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deccan (931 words)

	Deccan Traps - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Deccan Traps is a large igneous province located in west-central India and is one of the largest volcanic features on Earth.
		It is postulated that the Deccan Traps eruption is associated with a deep mantle plume or hotspot.
		The plume or hotspot, known as the Réunion hotspot, is suspected of causing both the Deccan Traps eruption and opening the rift that once separated the Seychelles plateau from India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deccan_Traps (441 words)

	Deccan Traps
		The Deccan Traps is located in west-central India and is one of the largest volcanic features on Earth.
		The Deccan Traps formed between 60 and 65 million years ago, and the gases released in the process may have played a role in the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		It is postulated that the Deccan Traps eruption is associated with a deep mantle plume or hot spot.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/de/Deccan_Traps.html (219 words)

	Deccan Traps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Deccan CFB was associated with the breakup of the Seychelles microcontinent from India (e.g., Mahoney, 1988).
		This is one of the large, spectacular oriented dyke swarms of the Deccan Traps.
		Deccan volcanism was associated with the separation of the Seychelles microcontinent from India (Figure 2, inset), and this breakup itself is often ascribed to the Réunion plume head impact.
	www.mantleplumes.org /Deccan.html (5142 words)

	Rocks & Minerals: Calcite the Deccan traps of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Calcite is one of the frequently occurring minerals in cavities within the basalts of the Deccan trap rocks of Maharashtra State, India.
		Of the zeolites that occur in the Deccan
		Amethystine quartz is common in the basalts of the Deccan Traps where it typically lines the walls of cavities.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GDX/is_2_80/ai_n13251392 (1322 words)

	Deccan Traps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		However, his suggestion that the DVP and Laccadive-Chagos ridge formed as a consequence of southward crack propagation along the Vishnu fracture zone is not consistent with data concerning the geomagmatic and tectonic history of the Indian peninsular plate.
		Deccan volcanism along the West Coast rift produced the Maldive ridge at around 55 Ma and the Chagos ridge at around 50 Ma.
		Clearly, the Maldive and Chagos ridges formed by interaction of the West Coast rift magma with Carlsberg ridge mantle magma because the Laccadive ridge, at 61 Ma, is characterised by melt with the same chemistry as melt from the magma chamber beneath the western continental crust of India.
	www.mantleplumes.org /Deccan2.html (5022 words)

	Nilanjan Chatterjee's professional and research interests
		Basalts of composition and age similar to those of the Deccan Traps are also found on the submarine Mascarene Plateau and the Seychelles Islands on the Indian Ocean, indicating that these regions were adjacent to the Indian west coast at approximately the time of the Deccan volcanic eruptions and have rifted apart since then.
		In the Deccan flood basalt province, felsic igneous rocks are found in small amounts along the western coast of India at Mumbai (formerly Bombay), as well as in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, at Rajpipla in the Narmada-Tapti rift, and near Bhavnagar along a westward extension of the same rift.
		The aim of this study is to present a possible model(s) for the origin of the felsic rocks with respect to the basalts of the Deccan flood basalt province through a geochemical and geochronological study of the hitherto unstudied felsic and mafic igneous rocks of the Rajula-Palitana-Sihor area of Saurashtra.
	web.mit.edu /nchat/www/research2a.html (1220 words)

	Deccan Traps(in English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Deccan Traps, India is composed of lava flows with enormous volumes and the duration of volcanism has been of great interest relating to the mechanism of their formation.
		Further, the age of the Deccan Traps has called the attention from the point of view that the age of the Deccan Traps volcanism might have been almost simultaneous with that of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary(KTB) which has been connected with the major extinction event.
		Ar dating for the biotite samples from the alkali rocks in the Deccan Traps yield similar and/or younger ages relative to those of the main tholeiitic volcanics.
	ksgeo.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp /~iwata/personal/Deccan-e.htm (1235 words)

	Deccan Traps and Dinosaur Extinction - olelog - by Ole Nielsen
		Deccan Traps and Dinosaur Extinction - olelog - by Ole Nielsen
		The key scientific debate, Soule said, is whether the Deccan Trap lava flows erupted too fast for the Earth to absorb the excess gases, or whether they erupted much more slowly as lava does today on a much smaller scale in Hawaii, for example.
		Some geologists think that Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) like the Deccan Traps and the late Permian LIP in Siberia were created by so called super plumes (coming from the deepest part of the mantle), but this is another controversial issue that I may come back to later.
	my.opera.com /nielsol/blog/show.dml/198300 (616 words)

	ScienceDaily: India's Smoking Gun: Dino-killing Eruptions
		The Deccan Traps of India are one of Earth's largest lava flows ever, with the potential of having wreaked havoc with the climate of the Earth - if they erupted and released climate-changing gases quickly enough.
		Chenet and her colleagues' new work on the Deccan Traps is just the latest in a series of discoveries which appear to weaken the case implicating the Chicxulub impact as the primary player in the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) mass extinction.
		The general rule is that massive volcanism like the Deccan Traps correlates with all major mass extinctions in Earth's history, she said.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/08/050810130729.htm (1298 words)

	Mineralogical Record: Minerals of the Decan Traps, India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The total area of the Deccan Traps is about 500,000 square kilometers, and even the region where specimens have been found measures fully 250,000 square kilometers.
		The purpose of this publication is to provide accurate information for collectors, curators and mineralogists regarding the minerals of the Deccan Traps and their occurrences, based on earlier literature and on my own field observations and laboratory studies.
		First, most of the surface area in India, outside of the Deccan Traps and the Himalayas, is either alluvium or Precambrian rocks, neither of which are typical sources of cavity-rich deposits containing collectible crystals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3672/is_200301/ai_n9204621 (1390 words)

	Dinosaurs \| American Museum of Natural History
		The Deccan Traps date back to around 66 million years ago, when magma from deep inside Earth erupted to the surface.
		This chunk of rock from the Deccan Traps in western India was once molten lava that erupted from deep inside Earth around 66 million years ago.
		The molten lava, ash and toxic gases erupting from a volcano are deadly.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/dinosaurs/extinction/volcanoes.php (441 words)

	MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER FORMATIONS OF THE DECCAN TRAPS : AN ATTEMPT TO CONSTRAIN THE TIMING OF THE ERUPTIVE ...
		Traps are composed of hundreds of single flows.
		Therefore, we can surmise that the climatic impact of traps should be controlled by the number, duration, and length of time between successive events.
		The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) mass extinction coincides with the emplacement of the Deccan CFB.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2005ESP/finalprogram/abstract_88502.htm (482 words)

	NOVA Online \| Garden of Eden \| Seychelles Through Time
		The Deccan Traps eruptions slightly postdate the calamitous demise of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous Period about 65 Ma.
		In the early 1980s scientists suspected that the enormous release of noxious volcanic gases associated with the Deccan Traps may have caused the end-Cretaceous mass extinctions, though now geologists believe the two events were largely independent.
		The overwhelming evidence of radiometric dates on the basalts show that the Deccan Traps eruptions postdate the end-Cretaceous impact in Mexico, and thus the rifting of the Seychelles away from India in no way can be blamed for the deaths of our dinosaur friends.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/eden/time.html (873 words)

	Volcanism
		If old estimates that the Deccan Traps were erupted over 5 million years or so are correct, then the effects of these gases is minimized.
		If this were the case, then the amount of greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere in the form of CO and sulfur aerosols, plus the amount of acid rain generated would have had severe impacts on the environment.
		The exact length of time it took for the Siberian Traps to be extruded is still debated, but it did occur in conjunction with the great mass extinction at the end of the Permian.
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /thomas.wolosz/volcanism.htm (904 words)

	Deccan Traps trap CO2
		Basalts are the silicate rocks most susceptible to weathering and the Deccan Traps have shrunk by two-thirds in 65 million years.
		This pause is observed in marine carbonates at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.
		This CO peak and global warming support the idea that, whatever caused dinosaur extinction, volcanic eruption and the formation of the Deccan Traps greatly amplified that crisis.
	www.cnrs.fr /Cnrspresse/n396/html/en396a06.htm (185 words)

	Vanadium in the cavity minerals of the Deccan Trap/India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vanadium as a trace element in the basalt of the Deccan Traps, India has an important influence for the green color of the apophyllite and the blue cavansite and Pentagonite.
		Since vanadium occurs with a relatively uniform concentration in all stratums of the Deccan, the cause for its presence cannot based in contamination of the rising lava through the crust but must be lie in the wide, little differentiated distribution in the magma available for the Deccan.
		the coastal and inland Deccan Trap volcanics and a model for the evolution of Deccan Trap volcanism.
	www.irocks.com /pentag.htm (2381 words)

	Deccan Traps - EvoWiki
		The Deccan Traps is an igneous region in India.
		Approximately 68 million years ago there were a series of super-eruptions from the Deccan Traps, which may have led to global cooling by blocking sunlight (described as equivalent to a nuclear winter).
		In the past it had been hypothesised that the meteor strike caused enough shock to set off the Deccan Traps eruptions, but research has since refined the dates of the two events, and the eruptions almost certainly predate the strikes.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Deccan_Traps (135 words)

	The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh News : Deccan traps may yield oil
		The scientists had to develop an integrated method to delineate the sediments as conventional geophysical techniques could not be applied due to the unique geological formation of the 65 million-year-old Deccan traps extending from Saurashtra to central India.
		Dimri said the 500,000 sq.km Deccan traps hold a lot of potential for oil and the detailed explorations by the NGRI were expected to be completed in two to three years.
		Dimri and Dr. Prasad explained that developing the integrated method of investigation proved to be a big challenge as the Deccan traps consisted of hard molten rocks with thickness ranging from 800 metres to 1.5 km.
	www.hindu.com /2005/06/15/stories/2005061502771300.htm (476 words)

	Deccan Traps, India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Deccan Traps are one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world.
		The volume of basalt is estimated to be 12,275 cubic miles (512,000 cubic km)(the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens produced 1 cubic km of volcanic material).
		The Deccan Traps are flood basalts similar to the Columbia River basalts of the northwestern United States.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/europe_west_asia/india/deccan.html (448 words)

	LECTURE 8: WHAT KILLED THE DINOSAURS?
		The Deccan Traps are one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world, consisting of more than 6,500 feet (> 2,000 m) of flat-lying basalt lava flows and covering an area of nearly 200,000 square miles (500,000 square km) (roughly the size of the states of Washington and Oregon combined) in west-central India.
		Deccan (region of India) Traps (means staircase) produced over 500,000 years, as Indian subcontinent drifted north to collide with Asia
		Moreover, there is evidence that massive volcanism led to a run-away green-house (+100 C) that removed water (and possibility of life?) from Venus (and maybe Mars).
	athene.as.arizona.edu /~lclose/teaching/a204/lecture8.html (646 words)

	Deccan Traps, India - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Deccan Traps is located in central west India and dates from 66 million years ago.
		Deccan volcanism coincided with the decline of the dinosaurs raising the possibility
		Deccan lava meets the Arabian Sea at Goa.
	www.volcanolive.com /deccan.html (101 words)

	Model Answer for Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The volcanism that formed the Deccan Traps was clearly a major event, which would have had significant environmental impacts.
		Nevertheless, the eruption of the Deccan Traps at the end of the Cretaceous was not the only, or the largest, superplume volcanic event to occur during the Cretaceous.
		Its effect on atmospheric CO levels and GMST would have been muted because the superplume volcanism earlier in the Cretaceous meant that the atmosphere already had a larger concentration of CO, and GMST was higher, than it would otherwise have been when the Deccan Traps event occurred.
	website.lineone.net /~david_scarboro/model_answer_for_exercise.htm (301 words)

	Midnight’s oil - Sepia Mutiny
		Unfortunately, oil is stuck under the Deccan Traps, a deep layer of volcanic rock created 65 million years ago when the protocontinent Gowandaland smacked into Eurasia.
		Deccan trap type exploration in many ways is similar to new exploration work in sub-basalts in North Sea.
		It is possible (only within a realm of possibility) that the sediments (the sediments that were deposited before the basalt/ igneous eruption) buried beneath the Deccan traps (slag heap, as you put it) may have oil and gas.
	www.sepiamutiny.com /sepia/archives/002654.html (2686 words)

	Dinosaur Extinction: Other Theories
		The Deccan Traps were produced over a span of some 500,000 years by basaltic fissure flows, very similar to the eruptions that regularly occur in Iceland.
		Basalt has little trapped gas in it, and tends to erupt non-explosively, rather flowing smoothly, and sometimes nearly continuously, much like the current round of eruptions in Kilauea, Hawaii.
		In fact, the Snake River Basalts and the Yellowstone Park are a currently active example of exactly the process which formed the Deccan Traps.
	webspinners.com /dlblanc/paleo/dino-colo/extinction/other.php (1948 words)

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