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Topic: Deccan sultanates

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Bidar

Qutb Shahi dynasty

Bijapur

Berar

Vijayanagara Empire

Islamic empires in India

Delhi Sultanate

Southern India

Malwa

Golconda

Ahmednagar

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History of South Asia

Hyderabad state

	Deccan sultanates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Deccan sultanates were five Muslim-ruled kingdoms—-Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar, and Berar of south-central India.
		The Deccan sultanates were located on the Deccan plateau, between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range.
		The sultanates were later conquered by the Mughal Empire; Berar was conquered in 1601, Ahmednagar between 1616 and 1632, and Golconda and Bijapur by Aurangzeb's 1686-7 campaign.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/d/de/deccan_sultanates.html (101 words)

	DECCAN
		Although the Deccan was in commercial contact with Persia and Arabia from ancient times, it first became a part of the Islamic world in 695/1296, when the Delhi sultan ¿Ala@÷-al-D^n K¨alj^ (695-715/1296-1316) invaded the Hindu kingdom of the Yadavas, with its capital at Deogiri (now Daulatabad), and made it a vassal state.
		With the transfer of the Muslim population to Deogiri in 729/1329 the Persian culture that flourished in the Delhi sultanate was transplanted to the Deccan.
		Historiography in the Deccan was modeled on the epics and chronicles of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids, which had formed the basis for the court culture of the Delhi sultanate (q.v.).
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f2/v7f265.html (6159 words)

	Islamic empires in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sultanate was in constant flux as five dynasties rose and fell: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), Khalji dynasty (1290-1320), Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and Lodi dynasty (1451-1526).
		Sultan 'Ala ud-Din made an attempt to reassess, systematize, and unify land revenues and urban taxes and to institute a highly centralized system of administration over his realm, but his efforts were abortive.
		The Bahmani Sultanate adopted the patterns established by the Delhi overlords in tax collection and administration, but its downfall was caused in large measure by the competition and hatred between deccani (domiciled Muslim immigrants and local converts) and paradesi (foreigners or officials in temporary service).
	enc.qba73.com /link-Islamic_empires_in_India (1285 words)

	Cloudband : Magazine : Reviews : ARCHITECTURE AND ART OF THE DECCAN SULTANATES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates is destined to become the reference for all future studies of Deccan art.
		The Deccan plateau is the meeting ground of North and South India.
		Although the amount of art from the Deccan pales in comparison with the abundance of architecture, painting, and luxurious goods from the celebrated North Indian Mughal dynasty, the works that do survive often equal or even surpass their more celebrated rivals examples in terms of fineness.
	cloudband.com /magazine/articles/rev_hutton_architecture_1199.html (649 words)

	Shivaji - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1565, the allied Deccan sultanates had vanquished the Vijayanagara Empire at Talikota.
		Shivaji was born in 1630, in the Shivneri Fort 60 kilometers north of Pune.
		The emperor and his entourage moved to the Deccan in 1681 to coordinate the assault on the Marathas and were initially successful, but they were defeated and withdrew in 1707.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/Chhatrapati_Shivaji (4396 words)

	Bidar - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Bidar Sultanate was absorbed by the Sultanate of Bijapur to the west in 1619, which was in turn conquered by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1686.
		2 Maharajas and Sultans of Bidar from Barid Dynasty
		Maharajas and Sultans of Bidar from Barid Dynasty
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Bidar (298 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - History of India
		However, much of the Deccan and southern India were largely unaffected by this state of flux in the north.
		The Rashtrakutas of Malakheda (Karnataka) were a dynasty which ruled the Deccan during the 8th-10th centuries after the end of Chalukya rule.
		One Rajput of the Chauhan dynasty, Prithviraj Chauhan, was known for bloody conflicts against the encroaching Islamic Sultanates, and the Rajputs in general, due to their location in the north of India, bore the brunt of this assault for centuries, successfully maintaining their kingdoms.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=History_of_India (6002 words)

	Islamic Art of the Deccan \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The "Deccan" (derived from Dakshina) is a geographical term that refers to the plateau in south central India still ruled by Hindu kings when the first Muslim sultanates of India were established in Delhi.
		The officers of Muhammad ibn Tughluq rebelled against him and an independent sultanate was declared under the leadership of the general Zafar Khan.
		The typical portraits of sultans and court members against plain backgrounds, darbar scenes, and wedding processions were all produced at workshops in the Deccan.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/decc/hd_decc.htm (791 words)

	History Vijayanagara Empire - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards.
		The empire during that period served as a bulwark against invasion from the Turkic Sultanates of the Indo-Gangetic Plain; and remained in constant competition and conflict with the five Deccan Sultanates that established themselves in the Deccan to the north of it.
		In 1565, at the Battle of Talikota, the army of Vijayanagara was routed by an alliance of the Deccan sultanates.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/vijayanagara_empire.php (1658 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Satavahanas straddling the Deccan plateau also provided a link for transmission of Buddhism and contact between the Northern Gangetic plains and the Southern regions even as the Upanishads were gaining ground.
		In the Deccan, the Chalukyas arose forming a formidable nation marking the migration of the centers of cultural and military power long held in the gangetic plains to the new nations forming in the southern regions of India.
		The Vishnukundina ruled over the Eastern Deccan and the state of Kalinga in today's Orissa during the 5th and 6th centuries carving land out from the Vakataka realm until being absorbed themselves by the Chalukyas.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Middle_kingdoms_of_India (2792 words)

	Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates - Cambridge University Press
		The Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan plateau flourished from the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries.
		During this period, the Deccan sultans built palaces, mosques and tombs, and patronised artists who produced paintings and decorative objects.
		The links which existed between the Deccan and the Middle East, for example, are discernible in Deccani architecture and paintings, and a remarkable collection of photographs, many of which have never been published before, testify to these influences.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521563216 (607 words)

	Costumes and Textiles of Royal India - Ritu Kumar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Central India was dominated by the Paramars and the Chandellas, Eastern India by the Palas and the Gangas and the Deccan by the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas.
		Thus five Deccani Sultanates arose: Ahmadnagar and Bijapur in the West, Golconda in the East, and Bidar and Berar in the Central region.
		Although politically unstable the Deccan was culturally enriched by the multi-racial nature of its society; alongside the Hindus and Muslims, powerful communities of Turks, Persians, Arabs and Africans also thrived.
	www.ritukumar.com /medieval.htm (1515 words)

	AÚDELˆAÚHÈS, a dynasty of Indo﷓Muslim kings who governed the city﷓state of Bijapur from 895/1490 to 1097/1686
		After declaring his independence at Bijapur, however, Yu@sof was immediately beset with problems of consolidation, and he had to spend the remainder of his reign either securing the loyalty of Hindu chieftains within his domains or resisting the external challenges to his authority.
		He was challenged, not only by the other Deccani sultanates (especially Ahmadnagar and Golconda), but also by the powerful Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar to the south as well as by the newly arrived Portuguese power on the western coast.
		Sultan ¿Al^ I, probably the most strident of Bijapur's kings in his Shi¿ite partisanship, dispatched several embassies to Iran and once reminded Shah T®ahma@sp that his name was, indeed, mentioned in Bijapur's Friday kòotába.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v1f5/v1f5a004.html (2806 words)

	Battle of Talikota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On January 26th, 1565 the Deccan sultanates of Ahmednagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur and Golconda who had formed a grand alliance, met the Vijayanagar army at Talikota, on the banks of the Krishna River, in present day Karnataka state.
		However, even for the sultanates and Muslim rulers of the south, victory seemed pyrrhic, as they continued to engage in squabbling and fighting amongst themselves, which would ultimately result in their capitulation to the Mughals and later the British Empire.
		The Sultanate armies had a much better prepared artillary division manned by gunners from Turkisthan, who were at that time considered the best at artillary warfare while Vijayanagar depended on European merceneries who were not as well trained.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Talikota (792 words)

	Miscellenous ancient coins
		In 1292 the Vaghelas became tributaries of the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in the Deccan.
		In the early 1500's the sultan sought the aid of the sultans of Gujarat to counter the growing power of the Rajputs, while the Rajputs sought the aid of the Sesodia Rajput kings of Mewar.
		Gujarat stormed Mandu in 1518 and 1531, and shortly thereafter the Malwa sultanate collapsed.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /india7.html (3999 words)

	Alternate History Discussion Board - Vijayanagar prevails (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, the war against Vijayanagar weakened the Deccan sultanates to the extent that they were soon absorbed by the Mughal Empire.
		So what we have around the beginning of the 17th century is a growing Mughal Empire in North India, bickering sultanates in the Deccan and a reasonably strong Hindu Empire with a tradition of political manouvering.
		There was a Hindu kingdom there (south Indian) that was overrun and replaced by a sultanate that was in turn replaced by a mughal viceroy who then declared independence from Delhi and went on to become a British ally.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/printthread.php?t=3076 (1334 words)

	[No title]
		Tough the successor states to the Bahmani Sultanate were in place by around 1500, they reached their greatest heights only after the defeat of yanagara in the 1565 Battle of Talikota.
		For the most part, however, these two Deccan Sultanates were left undisturbed and, with their northern borders now secure against Mughal attack, they went on the offensive against territories to their south.
		Soon after the fateful battle in 1565 when the Vijayanagara army was defeated by the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates, the capital was shifted from Hampi, which was close to the Vijayanagara kingdom's former northern border, to a more distant location in southern Andhra.
	www.epwijnants-lectures.com /inandout.html (6232 words)

	Maratha empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Hindu Marathas had long lived in the Desh region around Satara in the western portion of the Deccan plateau, where it meets the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, and had resisted incursions into the region by the Muslim Mughal rulers of northern India.
		Under their leader Shivaji, the Maratha freed themselves from the Muslim sultans of Bijapur to the southeast, and became much more aggressive and began to frequently raid Mughal territory, sacking the Mughal port of Surat in 1664.
		To nullify any rajput-Maratha alliance, as well as to resume his long affair with the Deccan Sultanates, in 1682, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb himself headed south with the entire imperial court, the imperial administration, and an army of about 180,000 troops, which proceeded to conquer the Sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda.
	maratha-empire.iqnaut.net (1528 words)

	Guerrila Warfare2
		The Sultanates left the Marathas alone for the most part since no state based in the poor hilly regions could ever be a threat to their power.
		The Sultanates were at the last stage of their existence; their territories were divided between rival generals and tributary indigenous rulers were practically independent.
		These Shia Sultanates were at the last stage of their existence; their individual ministers and tributary chiefs were more powerful than the governments at each capital.
	www.airavat.com /guerrila_warfare2.htm (10147 words)

	History Maratha Empire - History Of Ancient, Medieval And Modern India.
		To nullify any Rajput-Maratha alliance, as well as to resume his long relations with the Deccan Sultanates, in 1682 the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb himself headed south with his entire imperial court, administration, and an army of about 180,000 troops which proceeded to conquer the sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda.
		The period between 1741 and 1745 was one of comparative calm in the Deccan.
		The Peshwa sent an army to challenge the Afghans, and the Maratha army was decisively defeated on January 13, 1761 at the Third Battle of Panipat.
	www.bharatadesam.com /history/maratha_empire.php (1377 words)

	Bahmani Sultanate - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Bahmani Sultanate (Also called the Bahmanid Empire) was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India.
		The sultanate was founded in 1347 by the Turkish governor Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, who revolted against the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq.
		The sultanate reached the peak of its power during the vizierate (1466–1481) of Mahmud Gawan.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Bahmani (166 words)

	APonline - History and Culture - History-Medieval Period
		Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, the founder of the dynasty, served the Bahmanis faithfully and was appointed governor of Telangana in A.D.1496.
		Sultan Muhammad's premature death in A.D.1626 was a sad prelude to the decline and fall of Golconda.
		Abul Hassan and his kingdom were misrepresented by false propaganda to justify the interference of the Mughal emperor who contemplated to liquidate the Deccan Sultanates and incorporate it in the Mughal empire.
	www.aponline.gov.in /quick%20links/hist-cult/history_medieval.html (3982 words)

	Vijayanagara Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The annexation of Bijapur, Raichur and Bidar, conquer of territories on the east of the Deccan that belonged previously to Orissa including Kalinga, the acceptance of Vijayanagar supremacy by the rebellious feudatories of Kondavidu, Rachakonda, Ummatur and chiefs of Tamil country all brought the whole of South India under one umbrella.
		The army of Vijayanagara was routed by an alliance of the Deccan sultanates who attacked and plundered Hampi reducing it to ruins as it stands today.
		^ The defeat of the Sultanate of Madurai at the hands of Kumara Kampana, son of Bukka and the despatch of an ambassador to Chinese Ming dynasty in 1374 (from records of the Ming dynasty) according to Dr. S.U.Kamath, Concise History of Karnataka, pp 162 and History of South India pp 241, Prof.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Vijayanagara_Empire.htm (5926 words)

	Dekkan History \| ema_02_package.xml
		The Dekkan (or Deccan) Plateau, in Sanskrit Dakshin (meaning "south"), is a triangular plateau covering central India, at an average elevation of 450 to 600 meters, with a gentle sloping toward the east, which drains several major rivers in that direction.
		The northern boundary is the Vindhya range or the Narmada Valley, while to the south it reaches to the Kaveri River, the Malabar Coast, and the Coromandel Coast, tapering off in the plains of Tamil Nadu.
		Between the mid-fourteenth and the late-seventeenth centuries, six Indo-Islamic sultanates were established in several parts of the region, each evolving a distinctive art style and culture, and all known collectively as the Deccan Sultanates.
	www.bookrags.com /history/dekkan-ema-02 (237 words)

	Aurangabad - Ellora, Ajanta Caves
		Malik Ambar was the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah II of Ahmednagar, the then ruler of the Deccan (central parts of Southern India).
		In 1634, Aurangzeb was sent to Kirki, and named as Governor of Deccan.
		He used the city as base for his campaigns to conquer the last remaining Deccan sultanates.
	xempaq.tripod.com /aurangabad/index.html (206 words)

	Books > Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates
		The Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan plateau flourished from the 14th to 18th centuries.
		During this period, the Deccan sultans built palaces, mosques and tombs, and patronized artists who produced paintings and decorative objects.
		The links which existed between the Deccan and the Middle East, for example, are discernible in Deccani architecture and paintings, and a collection of photographs, many of which have never been published before, testify to these influences.
	www.firstandsecond.com /store/books/info/Bookinfo.asp?txtSearch=528012 (331 words)

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