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	Postmodernism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Postmodernism is a term usually used to describe a type of intellectual thought that is often considered a critique of (or reaction to) modernism.
		Marxist critics argue that postmodernism is symptomatic of "late capitalism" and the decline of institutions, particularly the nation-state.
		The criticisms of postmodernism are often made complex by the still fluid nature of the term, in many cases the criticisms are clearly directed at poststructuralism and the philosophical and academic movements that it has spawned rather than the broader term postmodernism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Post-modernism (4065 words)

	Postmodern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Postmodern literature argues for expansion, the return of reference, the celebration of fragmentation rather than the fear of it, and the role of reference itself in literature.
		Postmodern style is often characterized by eclecticism, digression, collage, pastiche, irony, the return of ornament and historical reference, and the appropriation of popular media.
		Postmodern philosophy is a radical criticism of Western philosophy, because it rejects the universalizing tendencies of philosophy.
	dks.thing.net /Lamoity.html (6080 words)

	Guilford Chapter Excerpt
		The intense self-reflexivity of postmodern literature thus leads to a constant interruption of narrative, an untiring reminder to the reader that he or she is reading a text, language, a fiction, and not viewing a world without mediation.
		Such types of postmodern art are described by Hal Foster as a "postmodernism of reaction" (1983: xii) that is highly historicist, playing with forms of the past and generally affirmative toward the status quo, renouncing the modernist project of critique and opposition.
		Postmodernism is trying to get over the elitism not by dropping it, but rather by extending [through double coding] the language of architecture in many different ways-into the vernacular, towards tradition and the commercial slang of the street.
	www.guilford.com /excerpts/best3EX.html (17624 words)

	Globalization Meets the World's Political Cultures
		Alex Inkeles, the social psychologist, added to Almond's definition by describing political culture as that which is embodied in the modal personality of a particular population.
		With issues of centralization and decentralization, choices are relatively unambiguous because the level or circles are relative unambiguous.
		For example, the definition of what is "fair" in the political arena - a direct manifestation of political culture - is likely to be different from the definition of what is fair in family or business relationships.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles3/polcult.htm (9288 words)

	The Library at nothingness.org/Anarchy and Culture
		This interesting thesis is based on particular definitions of the central concepts of "culture," as art, "anarchism," as individualist anarchism, "modernism," as the avant-garde, and "politics" as individual attitude, acts, and statements of protest against the dominant hegemony.
		The theory of politics that Weir ascribes to modernism is a different "kind" of politics, a decidedly postmodern politics that is not interested in collective activity at all.
		Weir takes up a position on the side of aesthetics in the late twentieth century theoretical debate between politics and aesthetics where the postmodernists and "cultural studies" folks have staked out their territory in the aesthetic and the Marxists continue to insist on the "political" and the economic as the primary battleground.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/all/en/display/257 (2299 words)

	DYSKE - Review: “Protocol” by Alex Galloway
		It is neither his own definition nor what he considers as a general definition, and this leads to confusions.
		Decentralization is a specific implementation of control, and therefore of freedom.
		My definition of protocol is a set of instructions agreed upon by its participants in order to achieve mutual goals more efficiently.
	www.dyske.com /default.asp?view_id=857 (3382 words)

	The European Community: Between State Sovereignty and Subsidiarity
		For example, to the extent that there is a power pyramid, politics will be the politics of a court; between those who seek to get close to the rule or rulers on the top of the pyramid and who jockey for power among themselves as members of that court to see who will succeed.
		This is at once a narrower, more republican definition of sovereignty whose plenary character is harnessed as the power to constitute government -- a power which is vested in the organic body of the commonwealth, i.e., the people.
		They must do so in a noncentralized manner which provides for both centralization and decentralization as needed, but always within a noncentralized framework whereby all exercise of powers is governed by law and related to the rights of the constituents.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles2/eurcomm.htm (9374 words)

	Color in a Lurid World: What Is He Talking About?!
		Postmodern philosophy is not out to destroy what 2,600 years of Philosophy has built up; it is simply here to challenge it.
		By dismissing postmodern philosophy as relativism or nihilism, one only shows a superficial understanding of what this philosophy is all about.
		I feel that the fallacy of radical postmodern theorists is that postmodernism has to replace modern thought.
	blogs.setonhill.edu /EvanReynolds/archives/013682.html (517 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Postmodernism likewise entails a rejection of the emphasis on rational discovery through the scientific method, which provided the intellectual foundation for the modern attempt to construct a better world.
		A postmodern artist or writer is in the position of a philosopher; the text he writes, the work he produces are not in principle governed by preestablished rules, and they cannot be judged according to a determined judgment.
		Postmodern thought, on the contrary, mirrors in its multiplicity of forms, ideologies, and agendas the playful eclecticism of postmodernity itself.
	www.freewaybr.com /postmodern.htm (6010 words)

	A constructionist perspective on values: a response to postmodern fragmented identity
		Postmodernity is the name given to a vast cultural transformation happening in Western societies today and it is associated with ephemerality, discontinuity, decentralization and fragmentation (Sarup,1996).
		In our postmodern times, fragmentation and decentralization are spreading throughout different realms: new technologies, scientific models, theories of knowledge, organizations and theories of mind and self.
		In the postmodern era, social scientists say that the self is saturated due to the overload of technologically mediated interactions while engineers are building those technologies and theologists try to understand the impact of this technological saturation on our spiritual being.
	alumni.media.mit.edu /~marinau/BB-values.html (5423 words)

	postmodern social theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The term, postmodern and its derivatives (postmodernism, Postmodernity) have become quite fashionable in recent years and for this reason they require careful elaboration before being used in a history of social thought such as the one we are developing in this chapter.
		An ulterior motive in presenting such an elaborate definition of the postmodern is due to the fact that we will require our readers to consider the broader contours of the postmodern condition and its implications for social thought throughout this volume.
		Postmodernism seems to be the natural consequence of modernity's drive to question and to relativize all that it sees, for modernism is now questioning itself.
	www.accd.edu /sac/interdis/2370/pmsoct.html (3942 words)

	Culturelink Network - Culturelink Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Decentralization in Cultural Policy by Nobuko Kawashima is the first Working Paper in the series edited by Oliver Bennett of the Centre for the Study of Cultural Policy, School of Theatre Studies of the University of Warwick.
		Decentralization in cultural policy, its both theoretical and practical aspects, are examined, with a particular focus on the British experience.
		The author identifies three aspects of decentralization in relation to cultural policy: cultural (where decentralization is a policy objective), fiscal (decentralization concerns disparity in public expenditure), and political, where decentralization means the diffusion of political and administrative power for decision-making and implementation in cultural policy.
	www.unesco.org /culturelink/review/20/cl20res.html (5184 words)

	007state
		Democratic nations, by definition, tend to eliminate the larger runs of inequality; voting, a free press and a fairly independent academia all constrain state crime in a society with such basic safeguards.
		The term, postmodern, came into use in the 1950s in reference to architectural styles and a critique of cubes, circles, pyramids and cones that marked 'modern' architecture.
		In such a criminology, definitions of crime transcend particular societies and, at the same time, refuse to privilege humans beings, as a species, as the sole beneficiary of law since all life is deeply interconnected and ultimately dependent upon a healthy environment.
	www.critcrim.org /redfeather/crime/007state.html (12485 words)

	post-modernism @ the informal education homepage
		Postmodernity, according to Bauman ‘does not seek to substitute one truth for another, one life ideal for another … It braces itself for a life without truths, standards and ideals’ (Bauman 1992:vii, viii, ix).
		Places postmodernism in the 'force field of a déclassé bourgeoisie, the growth of mediatised technology and the historic global defeat of the left symbolized by the end of the Cold War'.
		The usual trip through postmodern thinking is followed by an analysis of the ways in which specific discourses of change have been constructed to provide the basis for a growing interest in lifelong learning and a learning society.
	www.infed.org /biblio/b-postmd.htm (4890 words)

	Public Realm in the Information Age
		In first part of the study the definition of public sphere is given under major public sphere theories.
		Rise of such theme parks can be associated with the themes of postmodern urbanism that explain the cities as centers of consumption and the spectacle of festivals and events.
		According to postmodern thinker Jean Baudrilard society of consumption is also "society of spectacle".
	www.angelfire.com /ar/corei/cyberps.html (6140 words)

	Anna J. Secor: Globalizing Istanbul: Gender and the Local/Global Production of Islamism
		The subject, alienated under conditions of modernity, is fragmented under conditions of postmodernity, and religious identity not only represents one of the available sites for identity formation, but also becomes a salve for postmodern anxiety.
		As notions of encounter, self-reflexivity and the availability of multiple subject positions reverberate across modern and postmodern accounts, across theories of urbanism and globalism, it is important not to exaggerate the newness of these ideas, but rather to make meaningful linkages across scales that help to illuminate the situated experiences of subjects.
		If voters for the Islamist party are “postmodern subjects” one would expect them to be engaged with various kinds of encounter, such as those that arise from urban life and are dependent upon some degree of urban mobility, or from engagement with media, such as television, newspapers and film.
	www.colorado.edu /ibs/pec/gadconf/papers/secor.html (6417 words)

	INTR 532 Home
		That definition is applies to three areas of missiology: a theology of culture, a definition of the Christian faith, and a definition of the nature of the church.
		After setting my definition into the larger context of contemporary hermeneutical discussion I will give six illustrations all gleaned from the NT (my area of greater competence), though I have no doubt that many profitable OT examples could easily be adduced as well.
		Many theologians are seizing upon the amorphous movement of postmodernism to legitimate their enterprise without adequately confronting the need for basic changes in the genre of theology.
	www.wheaton.edu /intr/Moreau/courses/532/biblio/general.htm (12817 words)

	Dr
		Poster (1990) and Turkle (1995) suggest that cybernetic modes of communication have resulted in postmodern subjectivities in which personal (and even national) identity is unstable, multiple, and diffuse.
		Between the decentralized organicism of hippie lifestyle and the hierarchical linearity of industrial and governmental institutions, the 1960s could be summarized as a fight between the natural chaos of counter-culture and the artificial order of "the establishment."
		In explaining decentralization in AI software, Pylyshyn (1981) declares that "this means loosening the hierarchical authority relation common to most programs, and distributing authority in a more democratic manner, allowing for 'local initiative'" (pg 79).
	www.rpi.edu /~eglash/eglash.dir/cyb/youth/youth.htm (8156 words)

	Mark 0. Hatfield School of Government
		Postmodern public administration theory and the discourse movement 3.
		The Postmodern Challenge to the Public Interest: The Discourse Movement – A somewhat gentler criticism of the notion that administrators should serve as stewards of the public interest has been provided by what has come to be called the "discourse movement" in public administration.
		Institutional survival in a postmodern age: administrative practice and the American constitutional legacy, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 18: 42-56.
	www.hatfieldschool.pdx.edu /ELI/public_interest.php (12693 words)

	Can Urban Growth be Contained? Richard Bolan, Thomas Luce, Hin Kin Lam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This paper, using an analysis of the Twin Cities metropolitan region, presents an emerging theory of 'postmodern' urban development based on social restructuring and a physical decentralization to the suburbs.
		The focus of attention is an examination of the patterns of change that have occurred in the corridors that reach out into the six counties newly added to the definition of the metropolitan area by the Bureau of the Census.
		Under the conditions of postmodern urban growth, question arises as to what criteria should be used in drawing a new boundary as pressures to push the present boundary closer to the jurisdictional confines increase.
	www.asu.edu /caed/proceedings97/bolan.html (6383 words)

	W
		Thus Burke can, without violating his own canons, say at one point that literary form as the gratification of needs is the appeal in poetry and, in other contexts, say that literary form is a disguise for the true appeal; and he can really mean both statements'.
		And this stratification and heteroglossia, once realized, is not only a static invariant of linguistic life, but also what insures its dynamics: stratification and heteroglossia widen and deepen as long as language is alive and developing.
		But whatever the definition, two things remain constant: (1) the content of language is an entity that can be specified independently of human values...
	www.sil.org /~radneyr/humanities/W.htm (10946 words)

	Newer Voices: Graduate Student Essays from Minnesota on The Profession of English Studies
		If "the postcolonial condition" acquires any meaning, it is only in its relation to the west; the postcolonial can be either "postmodern" (when experienced through the affective displacement of a stateless diaspora) or "antimodern" (when bounded by the archaic inheritance of the nation-state), but it cannot be conceived outside the western narrative of modernity.
		For one thing, granted the disruptive nature of space in the postmodern sense, it may well be insufficient for Graff and Robbins to simply assume the possibility of such a "common democratic space" without any explanations as to what such a space might be.
		In Booth's essay, teaching is seen as an effective means of "closing the gap" because it is by definition a social act involving communication between one member of society and a larger subset of that society.
	english.cla.umn.edu /faculty/bales/newvoice.html (16752 words)

	Technology, Schools and the Decentralization of Culture
		This definition captures much of the social interaction that occurs in the culture of schools.
		Rather, most analyses of technology rely on Marxist postmodern interpretations that suggest technology is a material variable, "a force of production" (Marx, 1962).
		The notion of sequence and the sacrosanct attitude towards developmentally appropriate material would probably collapse and be revealed as the significant prejudices of the print world that is dominated by high cultural products.
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue6_8/carolan/index.html (5640 words)

	Vanguard Assemblages: New Media and the Enthymeme by Patrick McHenry
		As for the major premise, it derives from the narcissistic zone (woman is adorable), the psychological zone (woman is timid), the aesthetic zone (woman is beautiful); what establishes this major premise is, in conformity with the definition of enthymeme, not a scientific truth, but “common knowledge,” an
		The postmodern “accumulation of huge media assets and the arrival of new electronic and digital tools which made it very easy to access and re-work these assets” serves as a relay for my current argument (“NM” 23).
		MM 151) Bergson’s thought leads to decentralization, a piecemeal composition where memory and perception become external.
	garnet.acns.fsu.edu /~nr03/mchenry.htm (8890 words)

	The Architecture of Information: Open Source Software and Tactical Poststructuralist Anarchism
		This decentralized model of software development took advantage of the collective debugging power of thousands of computer programmers and essentially enlisted "users" as "co-developers." The first official release of Linux came in 1994, with changes being made and new versions being posted daily.
		Castells argues that the "coming of the space of flows is blurring the meaningful relationship between architecture and society" (449).
		Castells reconceptualizes postmodernism around this point: "In this perspective, postmodernism could be considered the architecture of the space of flows" (449).
	www.iath.virginia.edu /pmc/issue.503/13.3truscello.html (6870 words)

	The Media and Medievalism by Robert D. Kaplan - Policy Review, No. 128 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		But the media are not agents of the decentralization of authority, which implies a healthy and orderly transformation of sorts.
		When every major domestic policy decision or military operation is characterized on the basis of its worst flaws, leaders become increasingly risk averse, for they know that anything even vaguely heroic, simply by definition, must masquerade as failure until such time as there is no electoral benefit to be gained from it.
		It took a generation for President Gerald Ford to be respected for pardoning Richard Nixon — an act that helped secure domestic peace even as it may have cost Ford an election.
	www.policyreview.org /dec04/kaplan.html (4373 words)

	MISCmedia.com: Back to the Old Drawing Board
		NASDAQ speculators and venture-capital funds may have written off the Net as a content medium, but McCloud insists its only problems are simply bugs to be worked out; mainly involving most users' slow modem speeds and still-developing display technologies.
		McCloud remains a mostly-unwavering advocate of the Internet (or what it can evolve into) as a force for decentralization, disintermediation, and creative breakthroughs.
		If you define "comics" as printed documents comprising hand-drawn still images in linear sequence (sometimes with written narration and/or dialogue), maybe not.
	www.miscmedia.com /12-18-00.html (911 words)

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