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Topic: Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

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Declaration of independence

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	Declaration of independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (1835) - This was a declaration of the independence of the Māori tribes.
		Declaration of Independence of Guinea-Bissau (1973) - Guinea-Bissau, formerly Portuguese Guinea, declared independence from Portugal in 1973.
		Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1983) - The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in northern Cyprus in 1983.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declaration_of_Independence (1887 words)

	Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eight years after the Turkish Federative State of North Cyprus was proclaimed (in 1975), The UDI of North Cyprus was presented to the Northern Cypriot Parliament in North Nicosia by Turkish Cypriot Leader/Northern Cypriot State President Rauf Denktash on November 15, 1983.
		Containing text espousing human rights and a desire to live side-by-side with the Greek Cypriot population, it ended with a declaration that Northern Cyprus was an independent and sovereign state, naming the entity the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
		(Note: The parliament of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is a self-governing exclave of Azerbaijan, has issued a resolution recognizing the TRNC as a soveriegn nation, but as this recognition is not shared by Azerbaijan's central government, is not regarded as official by the world at large).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus (286 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti) is an internationally unrecognised (de facto) country proclaimed in northern Cyprus in 1983.
		Turkey was among the Guarantors of the Republic of Cyprus.
		The number of seats assigned to Cyprus in the European Parliament (6 seats) is based on the population of the entire island, despite the fact that the residents of Northern Cyprus - Turkish Cypriots and Anatolian Turks alike - currently cannot participate in the election process.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus (1264 words)

	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti) or Turkish Cypriot State (Turkish: Kıbrıs Türk Devleti) is a break-away de facto state in the northern third of the island of Cyprus.
		Turkish Cypriots were opposed to the proposal since it relegated their status to a minority, instead of co-founders of the state, whilst also removing their community’s constitutional safeguards.
		The UDI of the TRNC was rejected by the UN and the Republic of Cyprus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus (3774 words)

	Asia Times
		After the invasion of Cyprus in 1974 by Turkish troops, and the occupation of more than one third of the island by Turkish Cypriots, who form around one fifth of the population, a separate Turkish federated state of Cyprus was established in 1975.
		Turkish Cypriots approved a new constitution in 1985, with an elected president and parliament, each with five-year terms, and a prime minister appointed from the parliament by the president.
		Another highly important change was that the Turkish side was being acknowledged as a "constituent state" as opposed to a "partner state", thus allowing it consideration as a separate and sovereign entity as part of the Cyprus Republic.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/EC19Ak01.html (3629 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991, was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs.
		Independence from the UK was approved in 1960 with constitutional guarantees by the Greek Cypriot majority to the Turkish Cypriot minority.
		One of the smallest independent countries in the western hemisphere, Grenada was seized by a Marxist military council on 19 October 1983.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	THE CYPRUS PROBLEM
		Cyprus is a member of the Commonwealth and of the non-aligned movement.
		The Greek Cypriot government is based on the 1960 constitution of the republic with an elected president and a parliament, with 70 percent members elected by the Greek community and 30 percent by the Turkish community.
		In 1960 it was ratified by the treaties agreed to in Nicosia and Cyprus became an independent republic.
	www.saag.org /papers7/paper623.html (3399 words)

	TRNC - KKTC - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti- [General information] [HISTORY] ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The neighbours of Northern Cyprus are Turkey, 65 km to the north, Syria, 100 km to the east and Egypt, 420 km to the south.
		At the division of his Empire, Cyprus passed to the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt; it became a Roman Province in 58 BC, was early converted to Christianity and on the partition of the Roman Empire fell under the rule of the Byzantine Emperor.
		The British authorities in Cyprus were aware of the fact that a national movement among the Turkish Cypriots might upset the balance in Cyprus and therefore they did not permit the Mifti to leave Cyprus, thus preventing his contacts with the Turkish delegates in the Peace Conference.
	bornova.ege.edu.tr /~bgocmen/home9.htm (9995 words)

	Cyprus History: 1983 Declaration of TRNC and aftermath
		On November 1983, the Parliament of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus proclaimed the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC, or simply North Cyprus).
		The proclamation emphasised that the declaration of statehood was a manifestation of the right of self-determination of the Turkish-Cypriot people.
		The Security Council of the UN met on 17 and 18 November and adopted Resolution 541 which described the attempt to create TRNC as `legally invalid', called for the withdrawal of the Declaration of Independence, and asked all countries not to recognise the new republic.
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/history/trnc (409 words)

	The Cyprus Question Before the European Court of Justice
		nationals or companies of Cyprus', initially took the view that the Agreement was legally with the internationally recognized Government of the Republic of Cyprus but that trade and other preferential arrangements flowing from it should apply to the entire population of the island and that therefore certificates issued by Turkish Cypriots should be accepted.
		After the declaration of independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in November 1983, the Government of the Republic of Cyprus introduced new customs stamps and addressed a `note verbal' to the Community in which it stated that only certificates issued by its authorities satisfied the requirements of the Association Agreement.
		In the case of Cyprus, Article 12(1)(b) [of the Plant Health Directive] must be read as referring exclusively to the authorities empowered on the basis of the laws or regulations of the Republic of Cyprus.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol12/No4/art1-03.html (1078 words)

	Introduction to the Cyprus problem
		Cyprus became an independent state in 1960, after the 4-year anti-colonial guerilla war ended when an agreement was reached for independence.
		When in 1963, the President of the Republic proposed some amendments to facilitate the functioning of the state, the Turkish community responded with rebellion (Dec. 1963), the Turkish ministers withdrew from the Cabinet and the Turkish civil servants ceased attending their offices while Turkey threatened to invade Cyprus.
		The Turkish invasion, and occupation, and its crimes against the Greek Cypriot people have been strongly condemned, and its explanations have been rejected by a number of international organizations such as the United Nations, the European Union, the European Commission of Human Rights of the Council of Europe, and by many individual governments.
	www.hr-action.org /chr/problem.html (541 words)

	encarta
		The Turkish invasion helped spark the Crusades, bringing European forces to the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and to Jerusalem to fight and pillage in the name of Christianity.
		Most notable of these are the Plain of Sharon, along the northern part of the Mediterranean coast, and the Plain of Esdraelon (or Jezreel), a valley north of the hills of Samaria.
		The Philistines had established an independent state on the southern coast of Palestine and controlled a number of towns to the north and east.
	info.infomideast.com /encarta.htm (4901 words)

	CAN THE EUROPEAN UNION SUCCEED WHERE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Mediterranean island of Cyprus, however, is still de facto divided and the Cyprus problem unresolved despite the many efforts made by the UN to reach a settlement.
		The Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, however, and its disastrous consequences for the economy of the island led to a delay in implementation of the Association Agreement.
		These treaties were the treaty of establishment, the treaty of alliance, the treaty of guarantee, and the agreement on the basic structure of the Republic of Cyprus which contained the key provisions of the constitution.
	www.isanet.org /archive/joseph.html (8145 words)

	Cyprus - GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
		Constitutional provision of Turkish Cypriot vice president, three members of Council of Ministers, and twenty-four members of House of Representatives in disuse for decades.
		[Turkish Cypriots nonparticipants in governance of Republic of Cyprus.
		State resulting from unilateral declaration of independence in 1985, "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," recognized only by Turkey.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-3461.html (533 words)

	Turkey - European Union
		At that time, Turkish troops occupied the northeastern part of the island to protect the Turkish minority (20 percent of the population), which felt threatened by the Greek majority's proposals for unification with Greece.
		Years of negotiations have failed to resolve a stalemate based on the de facto partition of Cyprus into a Turkish Cypriot north and a Greek Cypriot south, a division that continues to be enforced by a Turkish force estimated at 25,000 troops in early 1995 (see Conflict and Diplomacy: Cyprus and Beyond, ch.
		Following the November 1983 declaration of independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus--a government recognized only by Turkey in early 1995--Greece persuaded fellow EU members that progress on settling the dispute over Cyprus should be a prerequisite to accepting Turkey as a full member.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/89.htm (1426 words)

	PRESS RELEASE: No Cypriot state, other than the Republic of Cyprus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This November marks the 15th anniversary of the independence of the illegal self-proclaimed entity, the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus".
		In 1983, the occupying regime in northern Cyprus declared itself an independent state, one which was, and still is, recognized by the Turkish government alone.
		Numerous reports in the Turkish Cypriot and international press support the fact that more than 110,000 Turkish settlers have been transported to the occupied areas in an attempt to change the demographic character of the island, while thousands of Turkish Cypriots have fled the island.
	www.hr-action.org /action/TRNC.html (462 words)

	U.D.I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Turkish Cypriot leadership's unlawful action, however, provoked universal condemnation and the international community unequivocally declared that there was no question of recognition.
		Kyprianou said in a statement on 15 November that "this action not only complicated further the Cyprus problem but made it clear that the intention of the Turkish side was always to create faits accomplis and to create conditions for the secession of the occupied area from the Republic of Cyprus".
		He believed that the unilateral declaration of "independence was bound to affect adversely the situation in Cyprus" and to complicate his efforts "to promote an agreed, just and lasting settlement".
	www.hri.org /Cyprus/Cyprus_Problem/p_UDI.html (541 words)

	Top20Bulgaria.com - Your Top20 Guide to Bulgaria!
		The Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Ð ÐµÐ¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð‘ÑÐ»Ð³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ) is a republic in the southeast of Europe.
		It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north along the river Danube.
		It gradually gained ascendancy throughout the 15th and 16th centuries by introduction of Turkish colonists and (usually forceful) conversion of Bulgarians and at the time of the Liberation (1878) not less than 40% of the population of the country was Muslim.
	www.top20bulgaria.com (2014 words)

	UN Resolution 541 (1983) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Concerned at the declaration by the Turkish Cypriot authorities issued on 15 November 1983 which purports to create in independent state in northern Cyprus,
		Considering that this declaration is incompatible with the 1960 Treaty concerning the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus and the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee,
		Deplores the declaration of the Turkish Cypriot authorities of the purported secession of part of the Republic of Cyprus;
	www.greece.org /cyprus/UNRes541.htm (320 words)

	U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE DAILY PRESS BRIEFING (May 19, 1995) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He is in no way trying to encourage a unilateral declaration of independence by the Turkish republic of northern Cyprus.
		We're encouraging mutual agreement by the communities to resolve the problems of Cyprus.
		What's at issue is whether or not Serbia will choose to recognize Bosnia, and that is an issue that we have been pressing for a long, long time, but quite intensively over the last couple of months.
	www.hri.org /docs/statedep/1995/95-05-19.std.html (1198 words)

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