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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		It is considered a retaliatory measure short of a full declaration of war, and by maintaining a rough proportionality, has been intended to justify the action to other nations, who might otherwise consider it an act of war or piracy.
		Letters of Marque were abolished in France by the April 16, 1856 Declaration of Paris, which was an annex to the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War.
		Because the difference between a privateer and a pirate was a subtle (often invisible) one, in 1856 the issuance of Letters of Marque and Reprisal to private parties was banned for signatories of the Declaration of Paris.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Letter_of_marque_and_reprisal (720 words)

	History of Paris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Île de la Cité, on which the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris was built in 1163, was the centre of government and religious life; the Left Bank was the centre of learning, focusing on the various Church-run schools established there; and the Right Bank was the centre of commerce and finance.
		Paris' history in the 14th century was thus punctuated by outbreaks of plague, political violence and popular uprisings.
		Paris was, however, not spared from the religious violence affecting the rest of the country as Protestantism gained ground in defiance of an increasingly harsh Catholic backlash.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Paris (5184 words)

	DECLARATION - LoveToKnow Article on DECLARATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		They also undertook to bring the declaration to the knowledge of the states which had not taken part in the congress of Paris and to invite them to accede to it.
		The text of the declaration concluded as follows: Convinced that the maxims which they now proclaim cannot but be received with gratitude by the whole world, the undersigned plenipotentiaries doubt not that the efforts of their governments to obtain the general adoption thereof will be crowned with full success.
		The declaration is of course binding only on the powers which adopted it or have acceded to it.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DE/DECLARATION.htm (498 words)

	AllRefer.com - Paris, Declaration of (International Law) - Encyclopedia
		Paris, Declaration of, 1856, agreement concerning the rules of maritime warfare, issued at the Congress of Paris.
		At first the United States refused to accept the declaration, claiming that privateers were necessary if a nation did not have a strong navy.
		Part of its aims were restated in 1909 in the Declaration of London, but technological advances made many of its provisions inapplicable in 20th-century warfare.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Paris-De.html (278 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However, when the representatives of seven states assembled at the Congress of Paris from 25 February to 16 April 1856 to conclude terms of peace, they adopted, as the last act of the Congress, the Declaration of Paris.
		The Declaration stated that privateering was abolished, prohibited seizure 'of either enemy or neutral property (except contraband) aboard neutral ships, prohibited seizure of neutral property (except contraband) aboard enemy ships, and stated that blockades must be effective in the sense of being maintained by a force capable of actually preventing access to the enemy coast.
		Although the Declaration was only signed by seven states, virtually all other maritime powers acceded to it over time, and many non-parties acted in accordance with the rules, which acquired the status of customary international law.
	www.imli.org /docs/A125.DOC (782 words)

	Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War, London, 26 February 1909.
		In accordance with the Declaration of Paris of 1856, a blockade, in order to be binding, must be effective -- that is to say, it must be maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the enemy coastline.
		The rules as to declaration and notification of blockade apply to cases where the limits of a blockade are extended, or where a blockade is re-established after having been raised.
		The present Declaration, which bears the date of 26 February 1909, may be signed in London up till 30 June 1909, by the Plenipotentiaries of the Powers represented at the Naval Conference.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/instree/1909b.htm (4138 words)

	Terence Phelan: How Paris Fell (June 1941)
		The Paris correspondent of a Chicago paper, with a taste for statistics, calculated that 71% of the metropolitan Parisians and 68% of the suburban Parisians who fled southward were bourgeois and petty-bourgeois.
		In a burst of heroic bombast, the government announced that Paris would be defended “street by street and house by house.” Three days later came the formal declaration that Paris was to be an open city.
		On the road south of Paris, the humanitarianism of the German troops was as striking as their previous terrorism which had originally caused the chaos.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/newspape/fi/vol02/no05/phelan.htm (4108 words)

	French unions back Paris 2012 Olympics - Boston.com - Olympics - Sports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		PARIS --Five French trade unions delivered a declaration to Paris Mayor Bertrand Delanoe on Wednesday supporting Paris' bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics.
		Paris 2012 bid leader Philippe Baudillon believes the backing from the trade unions strengthened the capital's campaign to host the games.
		While Paris commuters crammed aboard the few trains left running, the IOC inspectors were taken around by bus and escorted by police motorcycles and cars.
	www.boston.com /sports/other_sports/olympics/articles/2005/06/22/french_unions_back_paris_2012_olympics (357 words)

	NIGERIA SIGNS DELHI DECLARATION {10 September 1999} (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Paris, September 10 {No.99-187} - Nigeria has signed the Delhi Declaration in a ceremony in Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, attended by Nigerian President Olesegun Obasanjo and UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor, on the second day of his visit to the country.
		The Delhi Declaration was adopted in December 1993 in New Delhi (India) during the Education for All summit.
		President Obasanjo, on signing, said that he was a strong believer in education and his government would "build a science and technologically-based country, starting with basic education as the foundation".
	www.unesco.org /bpi/eng/unescopress/99-187e.htm (349 words)

	Arounder: France: Paris: virtual tour, map
		So, if you find yourself in Paris, one of the first things you could do, would be to have a glance of the city from the Eiffel Tower.
		La Défense is another place you should not miss, in the west outskirt of the city: within the center for the industry and business, the biggest of Europe.
		At the Opera you will have the chance to watch some ballets, otherwise at the Moulin Rouge, you will have the chance to spend a different evening, where the polka ballet was born, or at the Crazy Horse, with its cabaret performance.
	paris.arounder.com (1214 words)

	The Avalon Project : Laws of War : Declaration of Paris; April 16, 1856. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		That the Plenipotentiaries assembled in Congress at Paris cannot better respond to the intentions by which their Governments are animated than by seeking to introduce into International relations fixed principles in this respect.
		The Governments of the undersigned Plenipotentiaries engage to bring the present declaration to the knowledge of the States which have not taken part in the Congress of Paris, and to invite them to accede.
		The present Declaration is not and shall not be binding, except between those Powers who have acceded, or shall accede, to it.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/lawofwar/decparis.htm (319 words)

	The Paris Declaration
		The Paris Declaration, endorsed on 2 March 2005, is an international agreement to which over one hundred Ministers, Heads of Agencies and other Senior Officials adhered and committed their countries and organisations to continue to increase efforts in harmonisation, alignment and managing aid for results with a set of monitorable actions and indicators.
		At the international level, the Paris Declaration constitutes a mechanism which donors and recipients of aid are held mutually accountable to each other and compliance in meeting the commitments will be publicly monitored.
		The Joint Venture on Monitoring the Paris Declaration was established to take the lead in “tracking and encouraging progress at the global level among the countries and agencies that have agreed to the Declaration”.
	www.oecd.org /document/18/0,2340,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html (553 words)

	U. S. Serial Set : Index to Number 1394 Senate Executive Document No. 11, 41st Congress, 1st Session : a machine ...
		Adams's interruption of negotiations, and instructs him to inform Lord Russell that the proposed declaration is inadmissible, because it is impossible to permit a foreign power to adjust its relations upon assumed internal differences in United States, because it is not mutual, and because it is a departure from the declaration of Paris.
		States that the adhesion of the Confederate States is given to the law of blockade as declared by the convention of Paris, with the addition engrafted by the British government relative to its maintenance by a force sufficient to prevent access to the coast of the enemy.
		Dayton to attach Marcy amendment to declaration of Paris ought to be rejected.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ll/llss/1300/1394/llss1394.sgm (13304 words)

	Declaration of Paris — FactMonster.com
		Paris, Declaration of, 1856, agreement concerning the rules of maritime warfare, issued at the Congress of Paris.
		At first the United States refused to accept the declaration, claiming that privateers were necessary if a nation did not have a strong navy.
		Part of its aims were restated in 1909 in the Declaration of London, but technological advances made many of its provisions inapplicable in 20th-century warfare.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0837646 (321 words)

	Legal Affairs
		It was this realization that led to the Declaration of Paris in 1856, signed by England, France, Spain, and most other European nations, which abolished the use of piracy for state purposes.
		The Declaration of Paris is, on the one hand, a recognition of shared guilt.
		The Declaration of Paris created a third entity: people who lacked both the individual rights and protections of law for citizens and the legitimacy and sovereignty of states.
	www.legalaffairs.org /issues/July-August-2005/feature_burgess_julaug05.msp (3246 words)

	Paris Declaration
		The Paris AIDS Summit could launch an initiative to help ensure the success of HIV prevention through greater participation by people living with and affected by HIV/AIDS, who are an integral part of the response to the epidemic.
		The Paris AIDS Summit is convinced that increased participation in prevention by people with a close personal connection to the epidemic is the approach that has been missing the approach that can bring success within reach.
		The Paris Summit could support a collaborative effort between youth organizations, non-governmental organizations, governments and the private sector, particularly the media, entertainment and publishing industries, aimed at strengthening youth involvement and conveying a message of prevention and solidarity.
	www.ecpp.co.uk /parisdeclaration.htm (13000 words)

	ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
		His delay at Paris is approved in consideration of the peculiar circumstances of the case.
		The accession to the declaration of Paris would be the form in which these guarantees could be given-that for obvious reasons must be more unobjectionable to France and to other commercial nations than any other.
		The declaration of Paris was one embracing various powers, with a view to general concurrence upon questions of maritime law and not an insulated engagement between two powers only.
	www.wisc.edu /wendt/frus/231s.html (2631 words)

	AEGiS-LT: 42 Nations Sign Symbolic AIDS Pact; Health: Delegates vow Paris Declaration will launch solid, international ...
		PARIS -- With the Eiffel Tower wearing a ribbon of bright red lights, political leaders from 42 countries signed a global declaration here Thursday, promising to protect the rights of people with AIDS and to work more closely with organizations representing them.
		Leaders of AIDS support groups cautiously welcomed the Paris Declaration, saying they were pleased that the issue was being discussed on a world stage by powerful political leaders, but they were also worried that most countries will not take the document seriously.
		The declaration specifically binds the countries to, as a matter of national policy, "ensure equal protection under the law for persons living with HIV/AIDS" in access to health care, employment, education, travel, housing and social welfare.
	www.aegis.com /news/Lt/1994/LT941201.html (1134 words)

	First World War.com - Vintage Video - Public Reaction in Paris to Declaration of War, 1914
		As elsewhere in Europe, reaction to the news of war on the streets of Paris was ecstatic.
		So much so indeed that it caught the government by surprise; with the assassination days earlier of prominent socialist leader Jean Jaures some feared revolution was in the air.
		This was, after all, France's first opportunity to revenge her humiliating defeat at the hands of Germany in the 1870-71 war - and to reclaim the lost territories of Alsace and Lorraine.
	www.firstworldwar.com /video/wardeclarationparis.htm (154 words)

	DECLARATION OF PARIS - Online Information article about DECLARATION OF PARIS
		They also undertook to bring the declaration to the knowledge of the states which had not taken See also:
		congress of Paris and to invite them to accede to it.
		series of rules on the subject which may be said to interpret the first of the four principles of the declaration with such precision as to take its See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DAH_DEM/DECLARATION_OF_PARIS.html (1090 words)

	GLOBAL FUND: PARIS DECLARATION, 1 DEC 2001
		It is the consensus of the participants who convened in Paris at the invitation of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, UNAIDS and WHO on 29 November — 1 December 2001.
		We propose that this declaration be circulated to all international and national partners in the fight against HIV/AIDS with the view toward endorsement by appropriate forums, governments and concerned organizations.
		This international experts meeting was held in Paris at the invitation of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the support of UNAIDS Secretariat and WHO.
	www.globaltreatmentaccess.org /content/press_releases/01/120101_PARIS_DECL_FUND.html (3294 words)

	2003-06-18 paris declaration / 2003 / press_releases / latest news / news room / home - Transparency International
		The Declaration of Paris denounces "the devastating impact of high-level corruption and the levels of impunity that facilitate it" and calls for "national and international measures to combat it".
		TI Chairman Peter Eigen, one of the signatories to the Declaration, said today that "this is an important challenge to politicians and all those in power around the world, particularly those who would seek to use immunity to put themselves above the law.
		The signatories to the Declaration of Paris include TI Chairman Peter Eigen, TI Advisory Council Chair and former Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Kamal Hossain, and TI Advisory Council member Mary Robinson, the former UN Commissioner for Human Rights.
	www.transparency.org /news_room/latest_news/press_releases/2003/2003_06_18_paris_declaration (2440 words)

	[No title]
		Such are:-- (i.) With reference to war, whether on land or at sea: the Declaration of St. Petersburg, of 1868, as to explosive bullets; the three Hague Declarations of 1899 (of which the first was repeated in 1907), as to projectiles from balloons, projectiles spreading dangerous gases, and expanding bullets; The Hague Convention, No. iii.
		He is persuaded that his declaration will find a hearing in the conscience of those whom it principally concerns, and a powerful echo in the public opinion of all countries.
		The fact is that the term "neutralisee" was employed in the Treaty of Paris as a euphemism, intended to make less unpalatable to Russia a restriction upon her sovereign rights which she took the earliest opportunity of repudiating.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14447/14447.txt (14553 words)

	UN ECA Economic and Social Policy: Paris Declaration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In view of their special circumstances and inadequate administrative capacities, donors should be flexible in applying conditionalities, especially those relating to debt repayments and the attainment of performance criteria of adjustment pro-grammes and other economic reforms.
		The Paris Declaration and Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s makes the improvement of food security and the development of the agricultural base a central objective of the development strategy in the LDCs.
		One of the basic principles of the Paris Declaration and Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s is that "The strengthened partnership for development necessitates adequate external support from the LDCs development partners".
	www.uneca.org /publications/ESPD/old/paris_declaration_update.htm (12293 words)

	Paris Declaration for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s
		It is therefore imperative that these donors endeavour to fulfil the commitments and targets established in the Paris Declaration and Programme of Action, particularly the 0.20 per cent of their GNP in the form of the ODA resource flow to the LDCs.
		At the moment, the ETT are applied by most Paris Club creditors to the African LDCs but the Trinidad Terms are given (in its entirety or some variants of the options) on a unilateral basis by individual creditors to a few countries such as Zambia and Mozambique.
		The Paris Declaration and Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s gives the African LDCs' Governments the key responsibility in the implementation process.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /ECA/ECA_Pris15x.html (16293 words)

	Paris, Declaration of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Declaration of Antigua.(agreement between the presidents of Central American nations and the US during the Central America Summit in Antigua, Guatemala)(Transcript)
		Vancouver Declaration: joint statement of the presidents of the United States and the Russian Federation.
		Paris revives CDG Express as a PPP project: a project to provide a dedicated express rail link between the centre of Paris and Roissy-Charles de Gaulle (CDG) Airport has been revived as a public-private partnership...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Paris-D1e.asp (652 words)

	Paris Declaration calls for more oversight and accountability in the 52-state OSCE (07/29/01)
		PARIS - Nearly 300 parliamentarians from 52 OSCE countries on July 11 adopted the Paris Declaration, which includes a unanimously approved resolution on strengthening transparency and accountability in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
		On the implications of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) for the OSCE Region, the assembly proposed that consideration be given to the possibility of the European Union's ESDP being available to OSCE and the United Nations for crisis management, peacemaking and peacekeeping activities.
		The Paris Declaration urges the OSCE to raise awareness by making delegations and capitals more sensitive to the interplay between environmental economic factors and the security of the OSCE region.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2001/300108.shtml (672 words)

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