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Topic: Declarative programming

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	Declarative Web Programming \| Website Design \| Web Site Company
		Declarative programming is a term with two distinct meanings, both of which are in current use.
		In a declarative program you write (declare) a data structure that is processed by a standard algorithm (for that language) to produce the desired result.
		A declarative language, like all languages, has a syntax describing how the words in the language may be combined, and a semantics describing how sentences in the language correspond to a program's output.
	www.atozsolution.com /declarative_web_programming (273 words)

	Declarative programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Declarative programming is a term with two distinct meanings, both of which are in current use.
		According to a different definition, a program is "declarative" if it is written in a purely functional programming language, logic programming language, or constraint programming language.
		In a declarative program you write (declare) a data structure that is processed by a standard algorithm (for that language) to produce the desired result.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declarative_programming (710 words)

	Declarative programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A declarative programming language is a high-level language that describes a problem rather than defining a solution — it makes use of declarative programming.
		Functional programming languages are declarative in that functions relate their output to their input — without defining a strict order to evaluate any operations.
		Data-oriented programming languages and query languages are declarative in that queries are not given in terms of how to find data but instead give criteria for the desired data (SQL is an example).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declarative_programming_language (335 words)

	Declarative Programming
		That is, all pure functional programs are declarative programs, and DeclarativeProgramming retains almost all of the advantages of FunctionalProgramming.
		Every common high-level programming language lets you express mathematical calculations at a high level, without worrying about the mechanisms of register allocation, table lookups for transcendental functions, etc. So declarative programming "in the small" is a technique that every programmer uses every day, without thinking twice about it.
		Then the script author only has to declare what event conditions he is interested in, leaving it up to the engine (or compiler, or...) to figure out exactly what trigger machinery is needed to efficiently detect when the declared conditions have occurred.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?DeclarativeProgramming (702 words)

	A Note on Declarative Programming Paradigms and the Future of Definitional Programming
		Most declarative programming languages stem from work in artificial intelligence and automated theorem proving, areas where the need for a higher level of abstraction and a clear semantic model of programs is obvious.
		Declarative programming in the strong sense then means that the programmer only has to supply the logic of an algorithm and that all control information is supplied automatically by the system.
		Declarative programming in the weak sense means that the programmer apart from the logic of a program also must give control information to yield an efficient program.
	www.cs.chalmers.se /pub/users/oloft/Papers/wm96/wm96.html (5508 words)

	Program Efficiently
		This other technology is known as declarative programming, which is when you instruct your application or component to do something using data rather than by writing source code.
		First, your intended declarative information is in the same file (and even in the same location within the file) as the code to which the declarative information applies.
		Using declarative programming along with object-oriented programming is certain to improve your efficiency as a developer.
	www.aspnetpro.com /NewsletterArticle/2003/08/asp200308jr_l/asp200308jr_l.asp (2336 words)

	java.net: Ruling Out: Rule Engines and Declarative Programming Come to Java
		Declarative programming has been around for at least 30 years, but is presently enjoying a renaissance due to the rise of open source software, XML, and a reinvigorated interest in rule engine technology.
		Declarative programming concerns itself with "what is" instead of "how to." It concerns itself with the examination, manipulation, and generation of knowledge and facts, instead of process and methods.
		Rule engines and declarative programming give you the ability to quickly alter the behavior of your system in a way which is difficult to program in raw Java, and to manage and interact with data in a more human way.
	today.java.net /pub/a/today/2004/08/19/rulingout.html (2533 words)

	defindit.com - Declarative programming, templates, data analysis, and consulting
		Declarative programming remove many of the bugs found in procedural programming and object oriented programming.
		Deft includes powerful API calls for aggregating data which replace the what would be tangled sets of loops and control structure in procedural programming (or heirarchies of class calls in OOP).
		The resulting code is one third the size of a typical web/database Perl script, and both the intent and meaning Deft code is far more obvious that with Perl.
	defindit.com (365 words)

	Comparing Declarative And Imperative Programming
		This is a lightweight introduction to the differences between imperative and declarative programming.
		Declarative programming is not necessarily "lean and mean".
		In the declarative code, I want to be able to wire up an event directly to a method in another instance, without having to write an imperative event handler to pass the event on to the instance method.
	www.marcclifton.com /Articles/DeclarativeProgramming/ComparingDeclarativeAndImperativeProgramming/tabid/106/Default.aspx (2191 words)

	Our Research on Declarative Meta Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		To express this interaction between the program code and the (higher-level) documentation of a software system, we believe that a declarative programming language is highly suited.
		In general, what is understood by "declarative" programming is that it is focussed on what the program is supposed to do rather than on how it will achieve its tasks.
		Declarative meta-programming is an emerging technique that is not quite out of the lab as yet.
	prog.vub.ac.be /research/DMP (5182 words)

	Declarative Logic Programming Research Project
		A logic program is written as a set of logical definitions (declarations, specifications.) The same program is interpreted by a computer as a set of imperative procedures.
		After composing the program in a declarative way, the programmer may wish to consider program's imperative meaning, and add control structures to improve the efficiency.
		The language has a fully declarative core that guarantees soundness and completeness for a useful and easily identifiable set of programs; answers returned by the programs outside this core will be sound but not necessarily complete.
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /jan.plaza/research/lp (1076 words)

	XML Programming Paradigms (part three) -- Declarative Programming with XML Stylesheet Language Transformations --
		XSLT is also clearly and strongly in the declarative family of programming languages (it is a bit too limited, however, to be fully either "functional" or "logical").
		Declarative programming has much more in common with mathematics than does traditional imperative programming (which is closer to certain engineering or mechanical practices).
		One can declare certain things with XSLT, but there are many other areas where the limitations of XSLT fail to be as general as a process requires.
	gnosis.cx /publish/programming/xml_models_xslt.html (2974 words)

	Functional and Declarative Programming in Education (FDPE05) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Functional and declarative programming plays an increasingly important role in computing education at all levels.
		The aim of this workshop is to bring together educators and others who are interested in exchanging ideas on how to use a functional or declarative programming style in the classroom or in e-learning environments.
		Submissions will be refereed by the program organisers who will call upon other members of the functional/declarative programming community for expert advice.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /people/staff/sjt/fdpe05 (317 words)

	Use functional programming techniques to write elegant JavaScript
		Functional, or declarative, programming is a very powerful programming method and is gaining popularity in the software industry.
		Functional programming describes only the operations to be performed on the inputs to the programs, without use of temporary variables to store intermediate results.
		Because functional programming encompasses a very different way of composing programs, programmers who are used to the imperative paradigm can find it difficult to learn.
	www.ibm.com /developerworks/library/wa-javascript.html?ca=dgr-btw01ElegantJavascript (1786 words)

	Declarative Programming
		A thorough survey on the integration of functional and declarative languages, from the point of view of admitting a general notion of equality in logic programming.
		Functional programming and logic programming are the two main instances of declarative programming, and various attempts have been made to merge them together; Lloyd outlines a proposal for a combined functional and logic programming language.
		Singleton is a set-based declarative language that combines valuable features of constraint programming (nondeterminism, unification, constraint solving, dynamic data structures) with familiar features of conventional programming languages (procedures and parameter passing, deterministic control structures, iterative constructs).
	www.math.unipr.it /~gianfr/DeclProgr.html (673 words)

	Use of Declarative Programming for Solving Industrial Optimization Problems
		The declarative nature of these new paradigms is reflected in the use of a logic-based approach for modeling a problem, which avoids side effects and fundamentally changes the manner of processing from an a posteriori to an a priori style of condition checking.
		In the Declarative Programming group at GMD Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology, research is under way to extend these (H)CLP methods, and to investigate intelligent methods from knowledge-based systems, case-based reasoning, and connectionist systems in order to select appropriate heuristics.
		This programming style is often considered a major contribution to software engineering, since it enables programs to be written with clear and transparent semantics, which is what distinguishes logic-based systems from mainstream programming languages.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw32/geske.html (846 words)

	ONJava.com -- Declarative Programming in Java
		What makes EJB components special is the declarative programming model through which we can specify the services such as security, persistence, transaction etc., that the container should provide.
		Imperative programming gives a list of instructions to execute in a particular order -- Java program that counts the number of words in a text file is an example of the imperative approach.
		Declarative programming describes a set of conditions, and lets the system figure out how to fulfill them.
	www.onjava.com /pub/a/onjava/2004/04/21/declarative.html (811 words)

	EETimes.com - Declarative programming language simplifies hardware design
		Declarative programming languages have higher levels of expressionand abstraction than most other programming paradigms.
		Yet, while the expressive nature and robustness of declarative programming are appreciated in academic circles, the vast majority of software engineers have never heard of, let alone experienced, languages such as Mercury, Oz, or Haskell.
		In fact some functional programming languages do not even have "for" and "while" loops; those that do are usually just syntactic sugar for a recursive function.
	www.eetimes.com /news/design/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16501963 (2267 words)

	ONLamp.com -- Advanced OOP: Declarative Programming and Mini-Languages
		A number of less common programming languages make declarative styles predominant, but it is also possible to use a declarative style within generally imperative languages.
		Another declarative example is a document type definition that describes a dialect of valid XML documents.
		Of course, not all programming problems are about constraints; or at least, that is not always a natural formulation.
	www.onlamp.com /pub/a/python/2003/07/31/declarative_python.html (1540 words)

	CoDe Magazine - Article: ASP.NET Development Through Web Controls and Declarative Programming
		It is a style of programming whereas at one level you define, in detail, how a variety of things are done, and from another level you instruct as to what needs to be done.
		This is declarative programming in ASP.NET at its simplest.
		Declarative programming by way of custom controls has always been a part of Windows (WinForm) development.
	www.code-magazine.com /Article.aspx?quickid=0503051 (1269 words)

	The International Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP)
		PPDP is an annual programming language conference that was created in 1999 as the union of two former conferences: Programming Languages, Implementations, Logics and Programs (PLILP) and Algebraic and Logic Programming (ALP).
		PPDP sollicits papers on all topics related to declarative programming in a broad sense, including the use of declarative methods in programming, and the design, implementation and application of novel programming languages that support such methods.
		The technical program of the conference usually combines presentations of the accepted papers with invited talks and advanced tutorials that attempt to extend the reach of these research areas.
	pauillac.inria.fr /~fages/PPDP (912 words)

	CHARMING PYTHON #B11: Declarative Mini-Languages -- Programming as assertion rather than instruction --
		On the other hand, there are also many programming languages that are declarative in style, including both functional and logic languages, and also including both general purpose and specialized ones.
		In these languages, you command the program to carry out a sequence of instructions: put some data in a variable; fetch the data back out of the variable; loop through a block of instructions until some condition is satisfied; do something if something else is true.
		A declarative programming style is almost always a more direct way of stating constraints than is an imperative or procedural one.
	gnosis.cx /publish/programming/charming_python_b11.html (2050 words)

	Amazon.com: declarative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies: First International Workshop, DALT 2003, Melbourne, Australia, July 15, 2003, Revised Selected and Invited...
		Applications of Declarative Programming and Knowledge Management: 15th International Conference on Applications of Declarative Programming and Knowledge...
		Programming Languages: Implementations, Logics, and Programs: 9th International Symposium, PLILP '97, Including a Special Track on Declarative Programming...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=declarative&tag=ecomplex&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (807 words)

	Data for submodule: Declarative Programming
		The Declarative Programming sub-module will approach programming from a very different direction from Java, one that places emphasis on 'what' we want a program to do rather than on precisely 'how' it should be done, which results in a powerful framework for complex programming.
		The Specification and Verification will focus on various forms of semantics for programs and consider how we can reason about behaviour and implementation; it is a significant application of the logic covered earlier in the course.
		One coursework item at end of course, which is expected to take the form of some program maintenance plus brief essay on analysis of techniques used, and involve around 4 hours of work.
	www.dur.ac.uk /cs.tqa/latestversionsubmodule.php3?submodule=PR-DP (291 words)

	MyXaml Wiki - Declarative Vs Imperative Programming
		Even if they aren't correct, understanding the differences between declarative and imperative programming is an educational experience because it gives you a different way of looking at how you program.
		Imperative programming is what we pretty much do every day, whether it's in C, C++, Java, C#, VB, etc. It means, writing instructions that control objects.
		Declarative programming is something we do every day too.
	www.myxaml.com /wiki/ow.asp?DeclarativeVsImperativeProgramming (962 words)

	Functional and Declarative Programming in Education (FDPE02)
		The aim of this workshop is to bring together educators and others who are interested in exchanging ideas on how to use a functional or declarative programming style in the classroom.
		The workshop is intended to cover a wide spectrum of functional and declarative programming techniques:
		Participants who choose to deliver a standard presentation are asked to submit a draft PostScript paper of five pages; presenters of short talks are asked to submit an abstract of 250 words.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /people/staff/sjt/fdpe02/description.html (382 words)

	Expressive Power of Declarative Programming Languages - Matsushita (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: The thesis investigates several aspects of the expressive power of declarative programming languages.
		There seems to be no widely accepted definition of expressive power of programming languages.
		In the literature expressiveness may mean power to describe algorithms, or to describe computations, or to check types, etc. Presenting a clearer idea of the expressiveness of programming languages is a part of the aim of the research.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /matsushita98expressive.html (1001 words)

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