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Topic: Declarative programming language

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	Declarative programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A declarative programming language is a high-level language that describes a problem rather than defining a solution — it makes use of declarative programming.
		Functional programming languages are declarative in that functions relate their output to their input — without defining a strict order to evaluate any operations.
		Data-oriented programming languages and query languages are declarative in that queries are not given in terms of how to find data but instead give criteria for the desired data (SQL is an example).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declarative_programming_language (335 words)

	Declarative programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a different approach from imperative programming languages such as Fortran, C, and Java, which require the programmer to specify an algorithm to be run.
		In a declarative program you write (declare) a data structure that is processed by a standard algorithm (for that language) to produce the desired result.
		A declarative language, like all languages, has a syntax describing how the words in the language may be combined, and a semantics describing how sentences in the language correspond to the programs output.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declarative_programming (710 words)

	Declarative Languages Group
		While a programming language is usually invisible to an end user, using an appropriate language for a given task has a clear impact on programmer productivity, software reliability, and cost of maintenance.
		Programming language research in the department covers the study of semantics, design and implementation of high-level languages, as well as programming methodology.
		Constraint programming is the use of constraints directly within a programming language, whose underlying paradigm may be imperative, functional or logical.
	www.cs.mu.oz.au /research/dl.html (1982 words)

	A Note on Declarative Programming Paradigms and the Future of Definitional Programming
		Declarative programming in the strong sense then means that the programmer only has to supply the logic of an algorithm and that all control information is supplied automatically by the system.
		Declarative programming in the weak sense means that the programmer apart from the logic of a program also must give control information to yield an efficient program.
		The language Curry [22] is a recent proposal for a standardized language in the area of functional logic programming.
	www.cs.chalmers.se /pub/users/oloft/Papers/wm96/wm96.html (5508 words)

	Declarative Meta Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Declarative Meta Programming is defined as the use of a declarative programming language for writing meta programs.
		Meta programs are programs that process programs; as opposed to more plain programs that process bank accounts, e-mails, text documents and so on.
		Declarative programming languages are very suitable for writing meta programs because they allow the programmer to focus on what needs to be achieved rather than how to achieve it.
	prog.vub.ac.be /DMP (360 words)

	Declarative Programming
		That is, all pure functional programs are declarative programs, and DeclarativeProgramming retains almost all of the advantages of FunctionalProgramming.
		Every common high-level programming language lets you express mathematical calculations at a high level, without worrying about the mechanisms of register allocation, table lookups for transcendental functions, etc. So declarative programming "in the small" is a technique that every programmer uses every day, without thinking twice about it.
		Then the script author only has to declare what event conditions he is interested in, leaving it up to the engine (or compiler, or...) to figure out exactly what trigger machinery is needed to efficiently detect when the declared conditions have occurred.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?DeclarativeProgramming (702 words)

	Palingol: a declarative programming language to describe nucleic acids' secondary structures and to scan sequence ...
		Palingol: a declarative programming language to describe nucleic acids' secondary structures and to scan sequence databases
		Indeed, the most successful structure scanning programs are usually dedicated to particular structures and are written using general purpose programming languages through a complex and time consuming process where the biological problem of defining the structure and the computer engineering problem of looking for it are intimately intertwined.
		It should therefore: (i) be general enough to act as a real programming language; (ii) be specialized in the treatment of secondary structures, so that the specification of common constraints does not require a lot of code; (iii) emphasize the descriptive aspect of programming rather than its procedural details.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/8/1395 (6762 words)

	The Mercury Project: Papers and Presentations
		A key element of declarative languages is that they disallow explicit memory updates (which are common operations in most other programming paradigms) but they rely instead on term construction and deconstruction to manipulate the program data.
		In this thesis we define a number of semantics for the logic programming language Mercury and formally establish the equivalence between them; we use these semantics to formalise the different program analysis steps that are needed to implement a basic CTGC system for Mercury and prove their safeness.
		Declarative programs differ from imperative programs in several respects, the main ones being their heavy use of recursion, of various forms of polymorphism, and of higher order.
	www.cs.mu.oz.au /research/mercury/information/papers.html (8242 words)

	www.cybermight.com programming - Programming languages
		Since programming languages are artificial languages, they require a high degree of discipline to accurately specify which operations are desired.
		Programming languages are not error tolerant; however, the burden of recognizing and using the special vocabulary is reduced by help messages generated by the programming language implementation.
		There are a few languages which offer a high degree of freedom in allowing self-modification in which a program re-writes parts of itself to handle new cases.
	www.cybermight.com /programming_languages.php (690 words)

	Tempo: a declarative concurrent programming language
		Unfortunately, even "declarative" languages tend to resort to imperative ("non-logical") features for some purposes, particularly for interaction with their environment, e.g., I/O. This is perhaps especially true in concurrent programming, where a lot of programming effort goes into ensuring that processes correctly interact with each other.
		Tempo is a declarative language based on classical first-order logic, which has a simple, concurrent, procedural interpretation.
		It improves on traditional concurrent logic programming languages in that a program can explicitly specify its safety properties, not just the final result computed (which is a special case of a safety property).
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /~steve/research/projects/tempo.html (300 words)

	Programming Language Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In addition to general purpose languages such as C and C++, there is a need for more special purpose languages that are targeted towards particular environments and application areas.
		Important to the methodology is to study the language issues in the context of the appropriate application.
		The logic programming approach investigates the use of logic as a declarative programming language.
	www.ecs.soton.ac.uk /~phh/proglan.htm (495 words)

	Declarative Logic Programming Research Project
		A logic program is written as a set of logical definitions (declarations, specifications.) The same program is interpreted by a computer as a set of imperative procedures.
		After composing the program in a declarative way, the programmer may wish to consider program's imperative meaning, and add control structures to improve the efficiency.
		The language has a fully declarative core that guarantees soundness and completeness for a useful and easily identifiable set of programs; answers returned by the programs outside this core will be sound but not necessarily complete.
	faculty.plattsburgh.edu /jan.plaza/research/lp (1076 words)

	Ulf's Programming Language List
		ASL (Activity Structures Language), a software process language (modelling formalism), is a proper superset of MSL (Marvel Strategy Language) -- used to express the "local" constraints and policies on individual tools and data -- extended by Roddle's "acticivity structures" for global control flow and synchronization.
		Mozart is based on the Oz language, which supports declarative programming, object-oriented programming, constraint programming, and concurrency as part of a coherent whole.
		Cyclone is a programming language that is as C-like as possible while preventing unsafe behavior (buffer overflows, dangling pointers, format string attacks, and so on).
	www.cs.mun.ca /~ulf/pld/pls.html (2275 words)

	Declarative Programming
		A thorough survey on the integration of functional and declarative languages, from the point of view of admitting a general notion of equality in logic programming.
		Functional programming and logic programming are the two main instances of declarative programming, and various attempts have been made to merge them together; Lloyd outlines a proposal for a combined functional and logic programming language.
		Singleton is a set-based declarative language that combines valuable features of constraint programming (nondeterminism, unification, constraint solving, dynamic data structures) with familiar features of conventional programming languages (procedures and parameter passing, deterministic control structures, iterative constructs).
	www.math.unipr.it /~gianfr/DeclProgr.html (673 words)

	Tempo: a declarative concurrent programming language
		Tempo is a declarative concurrent programming language based on classical first-order logic.
		It improves on traditional concurrent logic programming languages (e.g., Parlog) by explicitly specifying aspects of the behaviour of concurrent programs, namely their safety properties.
		Tempo is sufficiently high-level to simulate practical concurrent programming paradigms, and can act as a common framework in which algorithms for a variety of paradigms may be expressed, compared, and manipulated.
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /Publications/pub_info.jsp?id=1000070 (108 words)

	Functional and Declarative Programming in Education (FDPE05) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Functional and declarative programming plays an increasingly important role in computing education at all levels.
		The aim of this workshop is to bring together educators and others who are interested in exchanging ideas on how to use a functional or declarative programming style in the classroom or in e-learning environments.
		Submissions will be refereed by the program organisers who will call upon other members of the functional/declarative programming community for expert advice.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /people/staff/sjt/fdpe05 (317 words)

	Java Programming Language
		The Java Programming Language is a general-purpose, concurrent, strongly typed, class-based object-oriented language.
		This leads to a "declarative" programming style where the programmer says what should be done and tools emit the code to do it.
		Evaluating assertions at runtime to confirm their validity is one of the most powerful tools for improving code quality, as it quickly uncovers the programmer's misconceptions concerning a program's behavior.
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/index.html (457 words)

	A Causal Model and a Declarative Programming Language... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In particular, provision of an operational semantics that is concrete enough to serve as the basis for language implementation.
		The branching-time structure of its compositional semantics, resulting from choices and value-passing interactions and captured in the model by "continuations", can be resolved non-compositionally in a second step, by mapping such a structure to a set of pomsets (partially ordered multisets) - a process in the sense of Pratt.
		We also provide the language with an operational semantics which is equivalent to the denotational semantics and discuss as an example the well-known alternating-bit protocol.
	uebb.cs.tu-berlin.de /papers/published/TR96-40.html (329 words)

	MyXaml Wiki - Declarative Vs Imperative Programming
		Even if they aren't correct, understanding the differences between declarative and imperative programming is an educational experience because it gives you a different way of looking at how you program.
		Declarative programming is something we do every day too.
		Useful when declarative elements are related to something else--the user's role or privileges, for example.
	www.myxaml.com /wiki/ow.asp?DeclarativeVsImperativeProgramming (962 words)

	Functional and Declarative Programming in Education (FDPE02)
		The aim of this workshop is to bring together educators and others who are interested in exchanging ideas on how to use a functional or declarative programming style in the classroom.
		The workshop is intended to cover a wide spectrum of functional and declarative programming techniques:
		Participants who choose to deliver a standard presentation are asked to submit a draft PostScript paper of five pages; presenters of short talks are asked to submit an abstract of 250 words.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /people/staff/sjt/fdpe02/description.html (382 words)

	LtU Classic Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		To express this interaction between the program code and the (higher-level) documentation of a software system, we believe that a declarative programming language is highly suited.
		This is because documentation has a declarative nature and because we can use meta-programming to link this information to the actual code.
		As such, the design-information of a system is meta-information of the program itself that can be actively used by the programming environment.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /classic/message8671.html (112 words)

	SMC: Secure Multiparty Computation Language
		A Declarative Programming Language (as compared with an imperative programming language) is a paradigm within which the programmer describes his problem without needing to know any detail about the algorithms used to solve it.
		The contribution of this language and of the provided interpreter should be considered in the light of the fact that no other support for secure computations was present at the moment when this was written (no imperative languages and even no software libraries).
		A language and a compiler for 2-party secure function evaluation (called FairPlay) was made available and was presented at USENIX (in August 2004), nevertheless FairPlay does not address multiparty computation (i.e., more than 2 participants).
	www.cs.fit.edu /~msilaghi/SMC/tutorial.html (1655 words)

	Alma-0: An Imperative Language Supporting Declarative Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		We describe here an implemented small programming language, called alma-0, that augments the expressive power of imperative programming by a limited number of additions inspired by the logic programming paradigm.
		These additions encourage declarative programming and makes it a more attractive vehicle for problems that involve search.
		These solutions are substantially simpler than their counterparts written in the imperative or in the logic programming style and can be used for different purposes without any modification.
	www.dis.uniroma1.it /~ai/citations/ABPS97.html (158 words)

	Cover Pages: Microsoft Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML)
		To facilitate programming for this model a new XML-based declarative programming language (XAML) is being developed.
		XAML is based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) and enables developers to specify a hierarchy of objects with a set of properties and logic.
		However, the most powerful reason for devising a new markup language is the very close relationship between elements in a XAML file, and objects at runtime.
	xml.coverpages.org /ms-xaml.html (4309 words)

	HDL Generation Language Adds Open-Source License - Software News by InformationWeek
		Confluence, a declarative programming language that generates RTL code, C language models, and formal verification models, is now available under the GNU General Public License.
		Mar 26, 2004 02:00 PM SANTA CRUZ, Calif. — Confluence, a declarative programming language that generates RTL code, C language models, and formal verification models, is now available under the GNU General Public License.
		The models are controlled by a command and query language, allowing users to connect them to any verification environment or programming language.
	www.informationweek.com /software/opensource/18402843 (391 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		It is tag-based, and it uses element attributes; it differs significantly from traditional markup language, however, in several important respects.
		XAML is not interpreted at runtime as JavaScript* is; it is a compiled language.
		The programming model proposed for Longhorn, however, suggests that the best practice for developers is to build the user interface for an application in XAML, while the event handlers for user-interface elements and the business logic for applications exist in supporting C# or VB.NET* classes.
	www.intel.com /cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/95653.htm?page=3 (366 words)

	PPDP 2000
		PPDP represents the union of two former conferences: Programming Languages, Implementations, Logics and Programs (PLILP) and Algebraic and Logic Programming (ALP).
		Continuing the tradition of PLILP/ALP, PPDP 2000 aims to stimulate research on the use of declarative methods in programming and on the design, implementation and application of programming languages that support such methods.
		This list is not exhaustive: submissions related to new and interesting ideas relating broadly to declarative programming are encouraged.
	www.cs.yorku.ca /ppdp-00 (136 words)

	Visual Programming Language Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		During our development of a system for classifying visual programming language (VPL) papers, a number of VPL researchers contributed references to their papers classified according to the scheme.
		Burnett, Margaret M. and Allen L. Ambler, A Declarative Approach to Event-Handling in Visual Programming Languages, 1992 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages, Seattle, WA, 34-40, Sept. 15-18, 1992.
		Gindling, J., A. Ioannidou, J. Loh, O. Lokkebo and A. Repenning, LEGOsheets: A Rule-Based Programming, Simulation and Manipulation Environment for the LEGO Programmable Brick, Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, Darmstadt, Germany, September 1995.
	selab.postech.ac.kr /link/vpl.html (5696 words)

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