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Topic: Decline of Buddhism in India

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	Decline of Buddhism in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Buddhism was initially established in India and it flourished there during the early phases of its history.
		Buddhism remained dominant in Northern India during the latter part of the 1st millennium, however it was under constant attack by the rising Rajputs dynasties, as well a revival of Brahmins who aimed at ideologically reintegrating Buddhists into the caste structure by incorporating Buddha into the Hindu pantheon as an avatar of Vishnu.
		While the exact cause of the decline of Buddhism in India is disputed, it is known that the mingling of Hindu and Buddhist societies in India and the rise of Hindu Vedanta movements began to compete against Buddhism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_India (1724 words)

	Buddhism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Buddhism has largely disappeared from its country of origin, India, except for the presence there of many refugees from the Tibet region of China and a small number of converts from the lower castes of Hinduism.
		India during the lifetime of the Buddha was in a state of religious and cultural ferment.
		Buddhism, which denied both the efficacy of Vedic ritual and the validity of the caste system, and which spread its teachings using vernacular languages rather than Brahmanical Sanskrit, was by far the most successful of the heterodox or non-Vedic systems.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Buddhism.html (1608 words)

	Buddhism - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Buddhism was established in the northern regions of India and Central Asian, and kingdoms with Buddhist rulers such as Menander I and Kaniska.
		Buddhism was briefly prosecuted under the Zorastrian priest-king Kirder who saw the syncretism resulting from the Buddhist influence that lead to the rise of a Buddha-Mazda divinity as a heresy.
		Chinese Buddhism, Korean Buddhism, Japanese Buddhism, and Vietnamese Buddhism.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /information.asp?k=Buddhism (8792 words)

	Buddhism in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theravada is the single remaining representative of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikaya schools of Indian Buddhism, which are sometimes referred to by the controversial term Hinayana.
		A form of Indian Buddhism that emerged in roughly the 7th century AD and later became widespread in Tibet, and also found in Japan.
		For a full account of the spread of Buddhism in India and beyond, see the History of Buddhism and the Decline of Buddhism in India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buddhism_in_India (394 words)

	Buddhism on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Theravada Buddhism and modernization: Anagarika Dhammapala and B.R. Ambedkar.(leaders of Buddhist re...
		BUDDHISM [Buddhism], religion and philosophy founded in India c.525 BC by Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha.
		Buddhism came to SE Asia in the first five centuries AD All Buddhist schools were initially established, but the surviving forms today are mostly Theravada.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Buddhism.asp (1825 words)

	The Decline of Buddhism in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		By the time the Muslims began conquering India in the twelfth century, the number of monasteries had severely declined.
		Buddhism, which once had spread across the face of India, was a vital force only in the areas of its origins.
		From 1192 to the present day, Buddhism ceased to be an organized religion in India, the fertile soil from which the religion grew.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/BUDDHISM/DECLINE.HTM (272 words)

	BUDDHISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Buddhism in India was to remain a dead religion until the 20th century.
		In the course of its eventful history Buddhism which began as a departure from the ritualism of the Hindu religion gradually adapted and absorbed many Hindu ideas and practices to the point that at times, the lines of distinction between the two religions (the parent and the offspring) were blurred.
		Buddhism is the only trans-national religion which has never preached malice against other faiths, nor have its followers ever indulged in a holy war against those of another faith.
	www.hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/buddhism.html (3729 words)

	Religion in Ancient India - Crystalinks
		India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with one of the most deeply religious societies and cultures.
		Buddhism, known in ancient India as Buddha Dharma, originated in northern India in what is today the state of Bihar.
		According to the India Census 2001, Jains have the highest literacy rate (religion-wise) of 94.1% compared to the national average of 64.8%.
	www.crystalinks.com /indiareligion.html (1485 words)

	History of Buddhism in India
		Buddhism failed to adapt to changing social and political circumstances, and apparently lacked a wide base of support.
		When a series of invasions by Turkish Muslims descended on India in the ninth through twelfth centuries, after the invaders had sacked the great north Indian monastic universities and killed many prominent monks, Buddhism was dealt a death blow from which it never recovered.
		In 1193 the Moslems attacked and conquered Magadha, the heartland of Buddhism in India, and with the destruction of the Buddhist Monasteries, like Nalanda (1200) in that area Buddhism was wiped out.
	buddhism.kalachakranet.org /india.html (1726 words)

	Education World® - Social Sciences : Area Studies : Asia : India : Religions : Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)*
		Buddhism Describes the flourishing of Buddhism in India, and the history of the Gautama Buddha.
		Buddhism In India Describes the development of Theravada and Mahayana sects in India.
		Decline of Buddhism In India Explores the reason for Buddhism's decline in India during the last half of the first millennium, and explores various changes in Hinduism.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=10632 (468 words)

	Buddhism in India, Buddhism of India,Buddhist Tours Travel,Buddhist Tour to India,Buddhism in India,Buddhist Tour in ...
		The Buddha Shakayamuni or Gautama Buddha founded Buddhism between the 5th and the 6th centuries B.C. Buddhism is regarded as one of the three major and most widespread religions in the world.
		Buddhism went to Korea from china in the 4th century A.D, to Japan from Korea in 522 A.D, to Thailand from Burma in the 6th century A.D. and to Tibet in the early 8th century A.D. Decline of Buddhism in India
		Buddhism made a comeback in India during the early 20th century.
	www.buddhisttoursindia.com /buddhism-in-india.html (852 words)

	DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM
		The causes of the decline of Buddhism in India are attributed either to Tantrika practices or to Muslim invasion, or to both.
		The theory of decline of Buddhism, from the standpoint of "traditional" history is a false theory.
		India produced a Buddha, but when she rejected his religion of righteousness, she passed into the hands of the Muslims and Britain now holds the balance between the Hindus and the Muslims.
	www.ambedkar.org /books/dob2.htm (7406 words)

	Universal Life Church - ULC Seminary » The Decline of Buddhism in India by Herbert Jensen
		The Decline of Buddhism in India by Herbert Jensen
		From the 2nd Century BCE to the 12th Century CE, Buddhism grew to be the predominant religion practiced on the Indian sub-continent, which consists primarily Afghanistan, Pakistan, the disputed region of Kashmir, the modern state of India, plus Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
		Thus the suppression and annihilation of Buddhism in India by the Mongols starting in 1192 could be accommodated as a mere hiving off of a part of Hinduism which was not a fundamental part of Indian life allowing Hindu rites, rituals, and practices to be conducted relatively unfettered.
	www.ulcseminary.org /blog/?p=141 (7359 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is to establish the sudden preoccupation of Indian scholars and intellectuals of the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Buddhism.
		On the character of the Buddha, he writes: “In Gautama the Buddha, we have a mastermind from the East, second to none so far as the influence on thought is concerned, and sacred to all as the founder of a religious tradition whose hold is hardly less wide and deep than any other”.
		The reader is given a brief background of Buddhism — its origins in ancient India and the debate over dates; its different forms and practices and questions of corruption and authenticity; its spread and finally speculations over its demise in India.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040618/asp/opinion/story_3382647.asp (580 words)

	History of Theravada Buddhism in South-East Asia (With special reference to India and Ceylon)
		This form of Buddhism is the tie that binds Ceylon with all these countries of South-east Asia.
		From the eleventh century on wards the Sihala Sangha and Sihala Buddhism constitute a strong and vitalizing force in the religious history of South-east Asia, and the Buddhist countries in South-east Asia looked on Ceylon as the fountainhead of Theravada Buddhism.
		His published works are: History of Theravada Buddhism in South-East Asia; The Buddhist Annals and Chronicles of South-East Asia; Buddhism in India as Described by the Chinese Pilgrims; Rise and Decline of Buddhism in India.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /book/details/IDC882 (278 words)

	DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM
		The worship of the Sun prevailed in India from the Vedic times and the practice of Sati existed before the coming of the Sakas as is proved by the Mahabharata.
		Both in North India and in Vijayanager, the presence of Mohammedan troops in the heart of the Hindu kingdoms, in the employed and confidence of their rules, facilitated the final success of the Mohammedans.
		Because of the revival of the traditional Brahmanical social scheme, reinforced with fresh religious injunctions, and because of the decline of Buddhism in India after the tenth century A.D., the mass of early medieval early Islamic followers in India could not be assimilated and digested by Indian Society.
	www.ambedkar.org /books/dob8.htm (8884 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pali canon (Buddhism) - Encyclopedia
		The texts in the Pali canon are the earliest Buddhist sources, and for Theravada Buddhists, who claim to conserve the original teachings of the Buddha, they are still the most authoritative sacred texts.
		The first four, containing discourses and verse statements of varying lengths and forms, are the main authority for the doctrines of early Buddhism.
		After the decline of Buddhism in India, Pali literature was preserved in Sri Lanka, where a vast body of commentary and elaboration of the canon developed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Palicano.html (534 words)

	Buddhism in India Books and Articles - Research Buddhism in India at Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims
		...Indo-Europeans and Aryans: The Aryans in India: The Proto-historic Period: The Culture...The Guptas and Har a: The Middle Ages in the North: The Middle Ages in the...
		Its thesis is that esoteric Buddhism is a direct...that esoteric Buddhism is the most...form to evolve in India...
	www.questia.com /library/religion/buddhism-in-india.jsp (638 words)

	Religion of India
		The religion in India at large primary consists of Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity.
		Buddhism originated in northern India and rapidly gained thousands of adherents during Gautama Siddhartha's lifetime.
		While the decline of Buddhism in India and its exact cause is disputed, Muslim invaders are recorded to have caused massive devastation on monasteries, statues, and libraries.
	www.vacationstoindia.com /about-india/religion.html (448 words)

	KING ASHOKA: His Edicts and His Times
		The language used in the edicts found in the western part of India is closer to Sanskrit although one bilingual edict in Afghanistan is written in Aramaic and Greek.
		The Ajivikas were a sect of ascetics in ancient India established by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of the Buddha.
		These works present Buddhism as it truly is -- a dynamic force which has influenced receptive minds for the past 2500 years and is still as relevant today as it was when it first arose.
	www.cs.colostate.edu /~malaiya/ashoka.html (7945 words)

	Buddhism - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Buddhism is blooming, and its popularity among Americans raises...
		They ask why progressive Buddhist women tolerate sexism from their male leaders and how Buddhism, which often becomes a method of denying one's...
		Shinto, a form of Buddhism, was the national practice in Japan until...
	www.highbeam.com /ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:Buddhism (1920 words)

	Ancient India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the decline of Buddhism in India, the ruins lay neglected until the 19th century, when they were despoiled by treasure hunters.
		Restoration activity commenced in the early 20th century, with the rebuilding of the principal stupas and the creation of the present park and museum.
		The earliest stupas predated Buddhism and were simple funerary mounds which held the ashes of the deceased.
	www.art-and-archaeology.com /india/sanchi/san0.html (312 words)

	Timeline Buddhism
		Looking on the web at timelines of Buddhism I saw not surprisingly that all seemed to be copied from the same source, adding specific dates.
		1200-1299 CE Decline of Buddhism in northern India
		1400- 1400 CE Decline of Buddhism in southern India
	huizen.daxis.nl /~henkt/timeline-buddhism.htm (198 words)

	South Asia History - Pak History \| History of India \| History of South Asia - South Asian Muslims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang (Huen Tsang), who visited India in the seventh century records the oppressions of Shashanka, the king of Gauda, who was a devotee of Shiva.
		Yuan Chwang's account reads, "In recent times Shashanka, the enemy and oppressor of Buddhism, cut down the Bodhi tree, destroyed its roots down to the water and burned what remained." [Watters II p.115] He also says that Shashanka tried "to have the image (of Lord Buddha at Bodhgaya) removed and replaced by one of Shiva".
		According to Sharmasvamin, a Tibetan pilgrim who visited Bihar three decaes after the invasion of Bakhtiaruddin Khilji in the 12th century, the biggest library at Nalanda was destroyed by Hindu mendicants who took advantage of the chaos produced by the invasion.
	www.pakhistory.com /sah/brahmanistonbuddhists.shtml (863 words)

	Tourism of India - Holiday Ideas
		The ruins of stupas, temples and monasteries that lie strewn across the hill recall the time when Buddhism had spread across the land and the monasteries at Sanchi teemed with monks and lay worshippers.
		Its 1,300 years of history chronicle the rise and decline of Buddhism in India.
		Monastic activity at Sanchi declined with the gradual disappearance of Buddhism from India.
	www.tourismofindia.com /hiwhh/sanchi.htm (521 words)

	Buddhist Channel \| Letters \| Back up arguments with facts
		Personally, I don't have enough knowledge about the history of the decline of Buddhism in India, so I do not know if the original article was total baseless or really does contain some truth.
		Just as if someone or some monk were to tell me that transvestites are born this way because of bad karma from the previous life, I don?t just dismiss their words and call them bigots.
		I will seek to show to them that their assumption are culturally biased and that their assumptions of "naturalness" is inconsistent and incorrect and also that it?s a result of society's aversions and that such statements actually bring more harm to gay people than whatever good it was supposed to have.
	www.buddhistchannel.tv /index.php?id=22,2224,0,0,1,0 (492 words)

	The Rise and Decline of Buddhism in India Online Indian Book store - Bagchee’s Best sellers Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There is no dearth of books and monographs on Indian Buddhism but a related account of the rise, development of Buddhism and its decline has not been attempted.
		His published works are: History of Theravada Buddhism in South-East Asia; The Buddhist Annals and Chronicles of South-East Asia; royal Patronage of Buddhism in Ancient India; Buddhism in India as Described by the Chinese Pilgrims; and the Adi Buddha.
		Buddha and the Spread of Buddhism in India and Abroad : Collection of Articles from the Indian Historical Quarterly : Vol.
	www.bagchee.com /BookDisplay.aspx?Bkid=B3578 (255 words)

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