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Topic: Decolonization

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	Decolonization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In rare cases, the actions of the native population are characterized by non-violence, India being an example of this, and the violence comes as active suppression from the occupying forces or as political opposition from forces representing minority local communities who feel threatened by the prospect of independence.
		Decolonization is rarely achieved through a single historical act, but rather progresses through one or More stadia of emancipation, each of which can be offered or fought for: these can include the introduction of elected representatives (advisory or voting; minority or majority or even exclusive), degrees of autonomy or self-rule.
		In some cases, Decolonization is hardly possible or impossible because of the importance of the settler population and where the indigenous population is Now in the minority; such is the case of the United States, Australia, and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand.
	decolonization.iqnaut.net (2082 words)

	Decolonization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Decolonization is the process by which a colony gains its independence from a colonial power, a process opposite to colonization.
		Decolonization in the strict sense is distinct from the break-up of traditional empires, and in modern academic discourse the period of decolonization generally refers to two major waves of independence from European colonial rule:
		A particularly active period of decolonization occurred between 1945 to 1960, beginning with the independence of Pakistan and India from Britain in 1947.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Decolonization (5183 words)

	Europe in Retropsect: Retreat from Empire - Decolonization
		The quick retreat from empire, generally labeled "decolonization," was one of the major characteristics of postwar world politics and stands as striking proof that the older Eurocentric state of global affairs now only has a place in the history books.
		The singular fact of decolonization was the outward political ease with which most of it was accomplished.
		Decolonization turned out to be a false promise for many Asians and Africans who realized that the economic order of the world was not dramatically changed as a result of the departure of the colonial administration.
	www.britannia.com /history/euro/4/2_2.html (2765 words)

	Decolonization: A Postcolonial Perspective, UCLA International Institute
		Decolonization was among the most significant phenomena of the twentieth century.
		Professor Duara explained that many of the ideas that motivated decolonization in the interwar period, and in the postwar period up to the 1980, “are beginning to disappear.” Thus, “it is important to capture” those ideas.
		The process of decolonization which began towards the end of World War I was accompanied by the appearance of national historical consciousness” in regions outside Europe.
	www.international.ucla.edu /article.asp?parentid=7158 (1750 words)

	The Decolonization Reader. James D. Le Sueur (ed)
		This is one of the perspectives found in decolonization studies that arose out of an effort to incorporate both nationalist and metropolitan approaches, unlike the traditional study of decolonization.
		Accordingly, decolonization cannot be understood by merely focusing on national politics and anticolonial politics, but it should include the challenges presented by history and postcolonial theorists.
		The final section discusses different views of decolonization and urges historians not reproduce Western views on stereotypes and teleologies in their analysis of colonial rule.
	www.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v8/v8i1a11.htm (669 words)

	Fanon revisited \| Z
		As to the question of decolonization, my point is: it not enough to be independent of a foreign rule; to replace the Belgians in the Congo by Mobuto is not at all decolonization as far as I’m concerned.
		Decolonization was exactly that, attempting to achieve independent status for a colony from a colonial power.
		Like you, I believe that the examples of "decolonization" we have to examine are examples of failure in terms of the end result, but that does not mean they were not examples of decolonization: trying to attain independence from a colonial power.
	blog.zmag.org /ee_links/fanon_revisited (2106 words)

	Decolonization
		Decolonization, as mentioned earlier, is the act of reversing the process of colonization.
		As Indigenous people have acquired an inferiority complex through the oppressive lifestylethat they have become accustomed to, their initial reaction may be to overthrow their oppressor and gain control of the reigns.
		In contrast, decolonization is constructive to Indigenous society, but destructive to the colonial society.
	pacifichumanrights.tripod.com /index-1.html (1211 words)

	decolonization and revolution \| Z
		Decolonization, first and foremost, is a fundamental change in the system – meaning a replacement of oppressive and dehumanizing institutions by liberatory ones.
		We have seen wars in other parts of Africa which were described as decolonization; but those wars and violence failed to produce a social structure with equal distribution of wealth and power.
		Decolonisation takes places after a thorough cost and benefit analysis is undertaken on behalf of the colonizer.
	blog.zmag.org /index.php/weblog/entry/decolonization_and_revolution (566 words)

	Decolonization and the Decolonized
		In Decolonization and the Decolonized, Memmi expands his intellectual engagement with the subject and examines the manifold causes of the failure of decolonization efforts throughout the world.
		Decolonization and the Decolonized contributes to the most current debates on Islamophobia in France, the “new” anti-Semitism, and the unrelenting poverty gripping the African continent.
		In Decolonization and the Decolonized, Memmi has written that rare book—a manifesto informed by intellect and animated by passion—that will propel public analysis of the most urgent global issues to a new level.
	www.upress.umn.edu /Books/M/memmi_decolonized.html (253 words)

	DECOLONIZATION
		Many recently decolonized regions are still struggling with economic, social, and political problems, which translate into continued suffering and impoverishment of their populations.
		For many decolonized regions, their experience was and continues to be characterized by political turmoil, weakness of democratic structures, repressive governments (on the left and right), and even civil war.
		One dramatic case of superpower involvement in a decolonization situation was the evolution of the Vietnam War.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist/deco.htm (7591 words)

	The United Nations and Decolonization
		Decolonization United Nations Success Story, but task not yet complete, Fourth Committee told as debate begins...
		The cause of decolonization had been one of the defining issues of the latter part of the twentieth century, the General Assembly's Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) was told today as it began its general debate on decolonization issues..."
		Decolonization Committee considers timing, location of next Pacific Regional Seminar...
	www.un.org /Depts/dpi/decolonization/main.htm (157 words)

	About the Seminar on Decolonization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Decolonization is a multifaceted, complex historical phenomenon that has increasingly engaged the attention of historians in recent decades.
		The dissolution of the western colonial empires has continued to be a critical historical problem because of the far-reaching cultural as well as economic and political effects of decolonization on the new states created in the latter part of the 20th century—and on the governments and societies of the European countries themselves.
		The proposed international seminar on decolonization would adopt the same principle, bringing historians from area studies together with historians of the French, Dutch, Belgian, Portuguese, and British empires of the 19th and 20th centuries.
	www.historians.org /projects/nhc/decolonization/seminar.htm (2229 words)

	Colonization and Decolonization
		Decolonization includes the reevaluation of the political, social, economic and judicial structures themselves, and the development, if appropriate, of new structures which can hold and house the values and aspirations of the colonized people.
		But the decolonization environment has so drastically changed in the last 30 years that the action phase today must include consideration beyond what has been historically undertaken to achieve independence.
		The process of decolonization, for example, has actually begun in Hawai`i, where the general society has now gone through several years of the phase of recovery and rediscovery.
	www.opihi.com /sovereignty/colonization.htm (4009 words)

	Decolonization in Latin America and Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		According to dictionary.com, decolonization is "the action of changing from colonial to independent status." In addition to the causes which led to Latin American decolonization were Allied promises after World War II, limited higher education for a few individuals, and the unstoppable forces of nationalism.
		In comparison to the decolonization of Latin America, a combination of three similar circumstances and three different trends of Allied promises, better education, and the forces of nationalism led to African emancipation.
		In another result of colonialism followed by decolonization, the African economy was drained of natural resources with no opportunity to diversify from its colonial export of cash crops.
	hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/comp/cw31decolonizationafricasamerica.htm (1734 words)

	History: Decolonization
		The reasons for this policy were their disapproval of the exploitation of the Indians and also the fact that Britain could not afford to keep India.
		French Decolonization was bloody and bitter whereas Britain's was quite peaceful and quite painless.
		The war was bloody and a one point threatened to cause civil war in France as the right wing military officers threatened to stage a coup d’etat against the government if they agreed to Algerian independence.
	froggyfiles.com /decolonisation.htm (1303 words)

	[No title]
		The decolonization of the continent of Africa has brought with it a resurgence of the use of mercenaries.
		My main reason for selecting mercenaries and their association with the African decolonization process as a basis upon which to build a teaching unit, is the prominence of articles on the subject in adventure magazines such as ‘Soldier of Fortune’, ‘Eagle’ and ‘New Breed’.
		The decolonization of Angola provides a primary example of an African State’s lack of a single nationalist movement for which to transfer immediate power.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/4/82.04.07.x.html (2045 words)

	Decolonization:041518682X:Betts, Raymond F.:eCampus.com
		Decolonization considers this "process" and the outcomes which have left a legacy of problems, drawing on numerous examples including Ghana, India, Rwanda and Hong Kong.
		Raymond Betts examines the effects of the two World Wars on the colonial empire; the expectations and problems created by independence; the major demographic shifts accompanying the end of the empire; the cultural experiences, literary movements and the search for ideology of the dying empire; and the newly independent nations.
		Decolonization gives a concise, original and multi-disciplinary introduction to this topic and analyzes what the future holds beyond the empire.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=041518682X (263 words)

	Decolonization Main Page
		The process of decolonization begins in British and French colonies, then, after some bloody wars (notably in South-East Asia and Africa), of the Portuguese and French colonial enclaves.
		Decolonization is the culmination of national-liberation struggles, of whom some win and some lose.
		Others suggest that decolonization was a total break and that the problems of the Third World have to do with inadequacies of the cultures of the new nations.
	www.trincoll.edu /events/decol (738 words)

	Promoting the Peaceful Decolonization of the Soviet Union
		But Soviet decolonization is moving forward whether or not the West is ready for it.The U.S. and the West as a whole have vital interests at stake and should use their significant influence to push this process toward a peaceful and negotiated path.
		I 4 4 4 Press for the inclusion of Soviet decolonization on the agenda at the forthcoming meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSCE CSCE, which includes every European country plus the U.S. and Canada is meeting this November to discuss the far-reaching political, security, and economic changes in Europe.
		A successful decolonization would mean the emergence of a broad band of new democracies extending from Estonia in the north to Armenia in the south, possibly including even a democratic Russia, all eager to join the in ternational economy and take their place in Europe and the world.
	www.heritage.org /Research/RussiaandEurasia/bg776.cfm (5524 words)

	Decolonization of Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Decolonization of Africa was the withdrawal of colonial powers from Africa after World War 2.
		The byproducts of decolonization including political instability, border disputes, economic ruin, and massive debt continue to plague Africa to this present day.
		The majority of the territory is under Moroccan administration; the rest is administered by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decolonization_of_Africa (812 words)

	Decolonization Seminar: Research Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Library of Congress (LC)—a cosponsor of the seminar—is a rich repository of primary and secondary research materials on various aspects of decolonization of the European empires in the 19th and 20th centuries.
		The microform series, War and Decolonization in Indonesia, 1940–1950, assembled in the Hague in 1997–98, or the papers of Jeanne S. Mintz (an American diplomat with an interest in Indonesia) are among other remarkable sources available at the LC.
		The LC also has important collections relating to the decolonization of Brazil during the 19th century, such as federal and state government reports, congressional reports, all relevant legal materials, serials, writings of the nation-builders (such as Rui Barbosa) and all the important accounts of foreign travelers.
	www.historians.org /projects/nhc/decolonization/resources.htm (1188 words)

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