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Topic: Decompression

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Caisson disease

	DAN Divers Alert Network : Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is The Treatment?
		Decompression illness, or DCI, is a term used to describe illness that results from a reduction in the ambient pressure surrounding a body.
		Because of this, evaluation of a diver for possible decompression illness must be made on a case-by-case basis by evaluating the diver's signs and symptoms and not just based on the dive profile.
		Decompression sickness (DCS, also called the bends or caisson disease) is the result of inadequate decompression following exposure to increased pressure.
	www.diversalertnetwork.org /medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=65 (3547 words)

	Decompression sickness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Decompression sickness, (DCS), diver's disease, the bends, or caisson disease is the name given to a variety of symptoms suffered by a person exposed to a reduction in the pressure surrounding their body.
		Decompression tables and dive computers have been developed that help the diver choose depth and duration of decompression stops for a particular dive profile at depth.
		Decompression time can be significantly shortened by breathing nitrox (or pure oxygen if in very shallow water), during the decompression phase of the dive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decompression_sickness (3395 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Decompression Sickness in Ch. 295, Diving and Compressed Air Injuries
		Decompression sickness (decompression illness, caisson disease, the bends) is a disorder in which nitrogen dissolved in the blood and tissues by high pressure forms bubbles as pressure decreases.
		The risk of developing decompression sickness increases with increasing pressure (that is, the depth of the dive) and with the length of time spent in a pressurized environment.
		The inability to eliminate decompression sickness may be because the published tables and computer programs do not completely account for the variation in risk factors among different divers or because some people fail to obey the recommendations of the tables or computer.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/au/sec24/ch295/ch295c.html (1818 words)

	Technical Diving International: Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		(Decompression techniques may be combined with this course at the discretion of the instructor).
		The objective of this course is to train divers how to plan and conduct a standard staged decompression dive not exceeding a maxium depth of 150fsw/45msw unless taught in conjuction with advanced nitrox, Extended Range or Advanced Wreck Courses.
		This course provides the training required to competenly and safely utilize breathing gasses containing helium for dives that require staged decompression, utilizing nitrox and/or oxygen mixtures during decompression to a maximum depth of 200fsw/60msw.
	www.tdisdi.com /tdi/courses/courses.html (519 words)

	Decompression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Decompression Therapy is a non-surgical procedure that effectively treats disabling low back, neck, and radiating leg, and arm pain.
		Decompression Therapy effectively enhances the healing process and renders quick, effective and amazing pain relief that enables most patients to return to a more active lifestyle.
		Decompression Therapy is an effective treatment for patients suffering herniated or degenerated discs as well as posterior facet syndrome which respond well to the distraction.
	www.bryanne.com /decompression.htm (452 words)

	Spinal Decompression
		Instead, decompression, that is, unloading due to distraction and positioning of the intervertebral discs and facet joints of the lumbar spine, has been proven an effective treatment for herniated and degenerative disc disease, by producing and sustaining negative intradiscal pressure in the disc space.
		This clinical outcomes study, which was performed to evaluate the effect of spinal decompression on symptoms of patients with herniated and degenerative disc disease, showed that 86% of the 219 patients who completed therapy reported immediate resolution of symptoms, and 84% of those remained pain-free 90 days post-treatment.
		With the biotechnological advances of spinal decompression, symptoms were restored by subjective report in 86% of patients previously thought to be surgical candidates and mechanical function was restored in 92% using objective data.
	www.orthopedictechreview.com /issues/novdec03/pg36.htm (2626 words)

	Decompression sickness
		Decompression sickness, also called the bends, is caused by nitrogen bubbles forming in the bloodstream and tissues of the body.
		This is because the risk of developing decompression sickness is not only determined by the depth and length of the dive, but also by any safety/decompression stops.
		The length of this rest depends on the severity of the decompression sickness and the effects of treatment, and should be discussed with a specialist in divers' medicine.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /travel/diseases/decompression_sickness.htm (1529 words)

	Explosive Decompression and Vacuum Exposure
		As noted, explosive decompression will be particularly bad if the decompression subject attempts to hold his or her breath during decompression.
		One of the potential dangers during a rapid decompression is the expansion of gases within body cavities.
		In a rapid decompression, temperature and pressure are reduced with a subsequent reduction in water vapor holding capacity.
	www.sff.net /people/Geoffrey.Landis/vacuum.html (3040 words)

	WKPP -- Decompression/Repetitive Dives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		If you do you decompression the way I have described, including the way I ascend to the surface, you will greatly reduce the heavy bubble-form offgasing that generally occurs post-dive.
		If you do the decompression for the subsequent dives correctly, there is no reason to belabor the issue.
		From a decompression point of view, we have seen that repetitive diving makes no difference, so we ignore the first dive in calculating the second.
	www.wkpp.org /articles/Decompression/repetitive_dives.htm (520 words)

	Spinal Cord Decompression Sickness
		Decompression sickness (DCS) is a clinical syndrome caused by alterations in environmental pressure, which result in the liberation into tissue or blood of inert gas bubbles previously loaded within tissues as a soluble phase.
		Sport divers generally use compressed air as the breathing mixture, and in their case, the inert gas that may be liberated during decompression is nitrogen.
		MRI has proved to be reliable in the detection of intramedullary lesions due to a decompression accident that were previously undetectable by other neuroradiological investigations (such as myelography, CT, angiography, isotopic tests).
	www.unipa.it /~radpa/l1/dcs.html (680 words)

	Decompression Sickness (The Bends)
		Decompression sickness was discovered in the 19th century by caisson workers.
		Some people will develop decompression sickness on no-decompression dives, within safe limits, due to assorted states in the diver or the environment, stimulating him to absorb excessive amounts of nitrogen or obstructing its release.
		Rashes and itching by itself may be transient and does not require decompression, however marbleization (cutis marmorata) or molting of the skin, should be treated by recompression.
	www.rescuediver.org /med/bends.htm (2981 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 20, Ch. 285, Injury During Diving Or Work In Compressed Air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A disorder resulting from obstruction of cerebral blood vessels by gas emboli originating in the lungs, usually due to overinflation of the lungs by expanding pulmonary gas during reduction of surrounding pressure (eg, during ascent from depth in diving) and generally characterized by early loss of consciousness and/or other CNS manifestations (see Table 285-1).
		A disorder resulting from reduction of surrounding pressure (eg, during ascent from a dive, exit from a caisson or hyperbaric chamber, or ascent to altitude), attributed to formation of bubbles from dissolved gas in blood or tissues, and usually characterized by pain and/or neurologic manifestations (see Table 285-1).
		Decompression sickness seldom develops when dives are kept within appropriate no-stop limits or when decompression tables are followed.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section20/chapter285/285b.htm (1232 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Decompression sickness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Decompression sickness (DCS) is a dangerous and occasionally lethal condition caused by nitrogen bubbles that form in the blood and other tissues of scuba divers who surface too quickly.
		But instead of being exhaled, the extra nitrogen safely dissolves into the tissues, where it remains until the diver begins his or her return to the surface (under some circumstances the extra nitrogen can cause nitrogen narcosis, but that condition is distinct from DCS).
		On the way up, decompression occurs (in other words, the water pressure drops), and with the change in pressure the extra nitrogen gradually diffuses out of the tissues and is delivered by the bloodstream to the lungs, which expel it from the body.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0004/ai_2601000406 (1103 words)

	Deep Decompression Stops
		For example, on an average 200-foot dive, my first decompression stop would usually be somewhere in the neighborhood of 50 feet, but the depth I needed to stop for the fish would be around 125 feet.
		By slowing the initial ascent to the first decompression stop, (e.g., by the inclusion of one or more deep decompression stops), perhaps the bubbles are kept small enough that they continue to shrink during the remainder of the decompression stops.
		From what I understand of bubble-based decompression models, initial decompression stops should be a function of absolute ambient pressure changes, rather than proportional ambient pressure changes, and thus should be even deeper than the ambient pressure mid-point for most of our decompression dives.
	www.bishopmuseum.org /research/treks/palautz97/deepstops.html (2864 words)

	Spinal decompression for back pain relief: Part I
		I believe the key to successful decompression treatments lies in the ability of the doctor to properly evaluate and qualify a patient as suffering from a primary compression syndrome that would therefore, benefit from decompression therapy.
		It is best to go to a spinal decompression doctor that has lots of experience and has patients you can talk to that have gone through the program.
		The decompression treatments offered some relief with the first 2 sessions but it seems to have gotten worse with each session after that.
	www.spine-health.com /backtalk/res/btb_res_decompress.html (3368 words)

	Decompression Sickness References
		Vann RD, Thalmann ED: Decompression physiology and practice, in Bennett PB, Elliott DH (eds): The Physiology and Medicine of Diving.
		Elliott DH, Moon RE: Manifestations of the decompression disorders, in Bennett PB, Elliott DH (eds): The Physiology and Medicine of Diving.
		Francis TJR, Gorman DF: Pathogenesis of the Decompression disorders, in Bennett PB, Elliott DH (eds): The Physiology and Medicine of Diving.
	www.scuba-doc.com /dcsref.htm (801 words)

	HEM Online
		During decompression children and parents detoxify from the deleterious effects of full-time institutional education.
		During decompression The School Experience is all-too-fresh in your teenager's head.
		My experience and that of hundreds of families with decompressing kids indicates that you are looking at six months to two years or more.
	www.homeedmag.com /HEM/HEM161.99/161.99_clmn_ok.html (1741 words)

	Decompression FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Spinal decompression traction therapy is a non-surgical, comfortable traction therapy for the relief of back and leg pain or neck and arm pain.
		Spinal decompression traction therapy is usually not recommended for pregnant women, or patients who have severe osteoporosis, severe obesity or severe nerve damage.
		If he feels your case may be helped by decompression traction therapy a physical assessment and appropriate diagnostic testing will be performed (typical examination is $70-$120 and cost of diagnostic tests very according to type), 15-20 spinal decompression traction treatments ($100 per treatment)a final assessment ($25-$50).
	www.northhillschiropractic.com /decompression_faq.htm (534 words)

	Transconjunctival orbital decompression in Graves' ophthalmopathy: lateral wall approach ab interno -- Paridaens et al. ...
		The following walls are identified: the medial wall (a), the orbital floor, divided by the infraorbital nerve into a medial part (b), and a lateral part (c), the anterolateral wall (d), the posterolateral wall (e), and the orbital roof (f).
		Orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy by inferomedial, by inferomedial plus lateral, and by coronal approach.
		Effects of bilateral orbital decompression by an endoscopic endonasal approach in dysthyroid orbitopathy.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/84/7/775 (2887 words)

	The Decompression Matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Decompression is a complex subject, often poorly understood.
		Furthermore, personal decompression computers (PDCs) are in almost universal use by recreational divers, many of whom have no more than a cursory knowledge of how they work.
		It is based on the author's tried and tested lecture material, with the slides carried across and used as graphics in the book, though in some cases I would have liked them to be reproduced a little larger.
	www.divernet.com /newshop/decomatrix.shtml (415 words)

	AllRefer.com - decompression sickness (Pathology) - Encyclopedia
		decompression sickness, physiological disorder caused by a rapid decrease in atmospheric pressure, resulting in the release of nitrogen bubbles into the body tissues.
		It is also known as caisson disease, altitude sickness, and the bends.
		Those who suffer symptoms of decompression sickness at high altitudes (commonly called aeroembolism) experience relief on returning to an atmospheric pressure normal to them; this and oxygen inhalation will usually effect recovery.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/decompre.html (390 words)

	Decompression party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Decompression party refers to a period of time spent by deep sea divers either in decompression chambers or at various depths on their way to the surface to gradually adjust to surface pressure in order to avoid the bends.
		By analogy, a decompression party is a small local reunion for Burning Man participants to help ease themselves back into everyday society after the event (they are also known as Decompression).
		These parties are sometimes reminiscent of early Burning Man festivals due to their informality and smaller size.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decompression_party (132 words)

	The Importance of a High Bolt Preload - The Joint Decompression Point
		The most common reason why bolted joints fail is due to the bolt failing to provide sufficient preload to prevent the external applied forces overcoming the clamp force acting between the joint faces.
		This is when the clamp force acting between the joint faces, that has been provided by the bolt's preload, has been reduced to zero by the applied forces.
		This is way the decompression point is taken as a design failure criterion.
	www.boltscience.com /pages/decomp1.htm (183 words)

	Decompression, stage, pony and argon cylinders: usage and rigging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Decompression cylinder is a gas cylinder which contains your decompression gas.
		Decompression cylinder is usually made of aluminium and range from about 4 to 10 litres.
		Stage cylinders usually look very similar than decompression cylinders, but the purpose is a bit different.
	techdiver.ws /deco_cylinder.shtml (947 words)

	Secrets of the Ocean Realm - In the School "Filming Secrets"
		Normally, the sensation goes away when the ears suddenly "equalize." That is, the ground-level air pressure trapped behind the eardrums releases and becomes equal to the thinner, high-altitude air pressure outside the eardrums.
		The movement of air from a location of greater internal pressure to one of lesser external pressure is decompression.
		These brief intervals represent stage decompression, the same technique used by divers as they gradually decompress from depth to the surface in order to avoid the bends.
	www.pbs.org /oceanrealm/intheschool/school10.html (1142 words)

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