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Topic: Decompression stops

In the News (Fri 18 Dec 09)

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	Technical Diving - Deepstops Explained
		For example, on an average 200-foot dive, my first decompression stop would usually be somewhere in the neighbourhood of 50 feet, but the depth I needed to stop for the fish would be around 125 feet.
		By slowing the initial ascent to the first decompression stop, (e.g., by the inclusion of one or more deep decompression stops), perhaps the bubbles are kept small enough that they continue to shrink during the remainder of the decompression stops.
		Think about it this way: Your first "required" decompression stop is functionally equivalent to the surface on a dive that is taken to the absolute maximum limit of the "no-decompression" bottom time.
	www.philippinediving.com /deepstops.htm (3349 words)

	Decompression Sickness - Definition, Description, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, Prevention
		Decompression sickness (DCS) is a condition that occurs when divers come back to the surface too quickly after being deep under water.
		Decompression sickness is a relatively uncommon disorder among divers.
		Stops divers should make when returning to the surface to let the nitrogen in their blood dissolve safely out of their bodies.
	www.faqs.org /health/Sick-V2/Decompression-Sickness.html (1144 words)

	Decompression Sickness \| AHealthyMe.com
		Decompression sickness (DCS) is a dangerous and occasionally lethal condition caused by nitrogen bubbles that form in the blood and other tissues of scuba divers who surface too quickly.
		Instead of being exhaled, however, the extra nitrogen safely dissolves into the tissues, where it remains until the diver begins his or her return to the surface (under some circumstances the extra nitrogen can cause nitrogen narcosis, but that condition is distinct from DCS).
		On the way up, decompression occurs (in other words, the water pressure drops), and with the change in pressure, the extra nitrogen gradually diffuses out of the tissues and is delivered by the bloodstream to the lungs, which expel it from the body.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100586700 (1388 words)

	Sunrise Diving - Phuket - Thailand - Decompression stop
		A decompression stop is a period of time a diver must spend at a constant depth in shallow water at the end of a dive in order safely to eliminate absorbed inert gases from the diver's body to avoid decompression sickness.
		The diver uses decompression tables or dive computers to determine, for a particular dive profile and breathing gas, if decompression stops are required and if so, the stops' depths and durations.
		Typically, a Pyle stop is 2 minutes long and is carried out at the depth where the pressure change halves on an ascent from the bottom to a shallow water decompression stop.
	www.sunrisediving.net /decompression-stop.html (752 words)

	Decompression the first stop
		Going back to the deepest stop, if you switched gases, and 80% is where you need to switch gases on a long dive, you are maximizing the effect.
		Air is unacceptable as a deco gas as it causes damage that can not be fixed by decompressing, and further complicates the decompression due to the body's immune response to damage and the stress of rigid red cells jamming through small capillaries.
		The ascent rate from your oxygen stop to the surface is one foot per minute for a long dive, a scaled down version of that for a short dive.
	www.divetekadventures.com /Technical_firstDECOstop.htm (1242 words)

	Suchmaschine
		A decompression stop is a period of time a diver must spend at a constant depth in shallow water at the end of a dive to safely eliminate absorbed inert gases from the diver's body to avoid decompression sickness.
		The diver uses decompression tables or dive computers to find, for his planned dive profile and breathing gas, if decompression stops are needed, and if so, the depths and durations of the stops.
		Typically, a Pyle stop is 2 minutes long and at the depth where the pressure change halves on an ascent from the bottom to a shallow water decompression stop.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Decompression_stops (956 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If long decompression stops are carried out in a tidal current, the divers may drift away from their boat cover or a safe exit point on the shore.
		Carry larger volumes of breathing gas to compensate for the increased gas consumption and decompression stops.
		Diving shots, decompression trapeze and decompression buoys can help diver's return to their surface safety cover at the end of a dive.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=deep_diving (372 words)

	Deep Stops
		Because I generally wanted to keep the fishes I collected alive, I would need to stop at some point during the ascent and temporarily insert a hypodermic needle into their swimbladders, venting off the excess gas.
		For example, on an average 200-foot dive, my first decompression stop would usually be somewhere in the neighborhood of 50 feet, but the depth I needed to stop for the fish would be around 125 feet.
		Some of you may be thinking, "I already make safety stops on my decompression dives - I always stop 10 or 20 feet deeper than my first required stop." While this is a step in the right direction, it is not what I am talking about here.
	www.toriitraining.com /deep_stops.htm (2929 words)

	LGRB Pyle IANTD Scuba & Rebreather
		This line serves as the decompression "station" (to which additional equipment or gas supplies may be connected), and may or may not be deployed prior to the start of the dive.
		For dives requiring substantial decompression, there should be at least a 50% margin for error and preferably a 100% margin for error (i.e., an absorbent canister should be able to last one and a half to two times the predicted total dive time).
		The divers then detach the decompression line from the tow line (the tow line is either pulled in by the surface support crew, or left to drift until all divers have surfaced), and complete the decompression on the decompression line.
	www.iantd.com /rebreather/lgrb.html (12382 words)

	Decompression and Cave Diving
		Whether a cave dive involves a penetration at a fairly constant depth, or one at multiple levels, the decompression factor is a critical one.
		Here the decompression meter is truly invaluable, as it keeps track of the residual nitrogen in the body for six hours after each dive, and automatically increases the decompression time for repetitive dives to compensate for previous ones.
		symptoms of decompression sickness are evident on surfacing, you MUST go directly to the nearest available recompression chamber as quickly as possible, since attempts at teatment require schedules that are much too long to be feasible in the water.
	www.safecavediving.com /history/seminar01/decompression.html (943 words)

	Decompression myths and mistakes
		The first stop depth in older original and dissolved models is quite shallow and typically 65 to 80% of the distance to the surface.
		The first stop location is primarily to limit and prevent bubbling quantities and sizes from growing large early on in the ascent.
		The ascent shown in B is the normal decompression of stops and steps in normal use.
	www.hhssoftware.com /v-planner/decomyths.html (3661 words)

	Decompression Illness Presenting as Breast Pain - Undercurrent, October 2006
		Breast pain presented in a 34-year-old female 90 minutes after completing a 32-minute dive to 39 meters; she made two decompression stops on the way up.
		Both received what might be regarded as undeserved decompression illness despite unremarkable dives with appropriate decompression stops.
		It is impossible to prove that the breast symptoms were definitely due to DCS; however, nitrogen bubbles may have caused lymphatic obstruction in breast tissue, or the constriction of breast tissue in a tight dry suit, by restricting lymph flow, might make this presentation likely.
	www.undercurrent.org /UCnow/articles/DCS200610.shtml (360 words)

	SmartCom SmartPro Review
		When bubble suppression is activated, the computer still calculates the remaining no decompression stop time in the conventional way and it will impose a mandatory decompression stop if no-stop time limit is exceeded, but the no-stop time information is not available to the diver on the display.
		Once a level stop advisory appears, there is no way to find out how much no-decompression stop time actually remains until the limit is reached and a mandatory decompression stop indication appears in the display.
		In the L5 displays, level stop data and advisories appear in place of the decompression data (visible only to the diver using the computer with bubble suppression disabled) until a mandatory decompression stop obligation is incurred.
	www.tabula-international.com /DIV/SmartPro1.html (2270 words)

	Deco Diving (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But with planned decompression, stops are factored into the overall dive profile.
		If you decide to take your 30- foot stop at 20 or 15 feet, the odds are you may get to experience the reality of decompression sickness firsthand.
		Initially, no decompression should be planned with more than one stop until you are completely comfortable with your ability to maintain depth, predict breathing rate, and manage your gauges.
	www.neptuneslockerdiving.com /Mainpages/Links/decodiving.htm (1513 words)

	Abyss Advanced Dive Planning Software, Decompression Models and Phase Mechanics
		Stopping at the ceiling (decompression stop) will allow more gas to off-gas and the ceiling (tolerated ambient pressure) will move shallower until you can exit the water.
		Emergency decompression cylinders should be in the water close to the divers, and these should have been placed, along with the decompression station, before the start of the dive.
		However, on a long decompression the 6 meter stop may deliver over 50% of the maximum recommended CNS percentage limits, and it is recommended that pure oxygen not be used at depths exceeding 3 meters.
	www.cisatlantic.com /trimix/abysmal/tech-articles.html (19467 words)

	info: Decompression_stops (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Info on Bubble Model Decompression ProgramsA New Approach to Diving Ascents Over the past 10 years, sport decompression divers have almost uniformly adopted ascent procedures that start decompression stops much deeper than...
		One version is for calculating decompression stops using air, nitrox or oxygen while the other...
		Deep Stop Decompression Profile ComparisonsBoth Departure, VPM and RGBM use bubble models and algorithms to calculate their decompression stops.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Decompression_stops.html (345 words)

	Decompression Sickness: Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed Air: Merck Manual Professional
		Decompression sickness occurs when rapid pressure reduction (eg, during ascent from a dive, exit from a caisson or hyperbaric chamber, or ascent to altitude) causes gas previously dissolved in blood or tissues to form bubbles in blood vessels.
		Type I decompression sickness typically causes progressively worsening pain in the joints (typically elbows and shoulders), back, and muscles; the pain intensifies during movement and is described as “deep” and “boring.” Other symptoms include lymphadenopathy, skin mottling, itching, and rash.
		Significant bubble formation can usually be avoided by limiting the depth and duration of dives to a range that does not need decompression stops during ascent (called no-stop limits) or by ascending with decompression stops as specified in published guidelines (eg, the decompression table in the US Navy Diving Manual).
	www.merck.com /mmpe/print/sec21/ch323/ch323d.html (941 words)

	Acute Decompression Illness
		Acute decompression illness is when the nitrogen in the body expands when the ambient pressure drops quickly.
		When this happened the diver has had a cerebral arterial gas embolism which is when the bubbles got trapped in the brain and prevents blood flow to a certain area.
		This can be done by strictly adhering to dive tables or computers and by never doing dives requiring decompression stops.
	members.tripod.com /tjaartdb0/html/acute_decompression_illness.html (262 words)

	Bubble Decompression Strategies
		While this might be the objective of all decompression schedules, the surprising result is that bubble elimination strategies are often contrary to the recommendations of traditional diving tables and therefore seem counter-intuitive.
		For instance, decompression stops called for by bubble models are much deeper (often within a few ata of bottom) than corresponding neo-Haldane tables.
		This volume is controlled by keeping stops deep enough to keep the internal pressure of enough bubbles higher than the gas tension in surrounding tissues.
	www.decompression.org /maiken/Bubble_Decompression_Strategies.htm (3169 words)

	Bubble science benefits deep divers
		The table, known as the Haldane Table, named for John S.Haldane, its developer, governs not only how long and deep a diver may go but also how many decompression stops must be made on the way back up and at what depth they are made.
		Wienke's research is in collaboration with the University of Rochester; the University of Trondheim, Norway; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the University of Wisconsin; and the University of Hawaii.
		The advantages of RGBM stem from its use of various diving gas mixtures, the most common are called trimix, heliox, and nitrox and a different approach to determining the depth and timing of decompression stops upon ascent.
	www.eurekalert.org /features/doe/2001-06/danl-bsb061302.php (1062 words)

	DAN SEAP
		Flying (or otherwise ascending) to a higher altitude after having dived can predispose a diver to decompression illness unless there has been sufficient surface interval to allow excess gas to diffuse from the body.
		There is little experimental or published evidence on which to base a recommendation for decompression dives.
		If a diver has had decompression illness and has not received appropriate recompression treatment, flying can be risky even more than a week after the dive.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~dandoc/flying.html (345 words)

	Departure's Decompression and Scuba Dive Planning Software
		Departure calculates and plans altitude dives, nitrox dives and utilizes a proprietary method of deep stops to plan decompression diving for all gases including mixed gases.
		It also aids you in blending the appropriate gases required for your expedition, calculates your respiratory minute volume and does all of this with a level of conservatism you choose.
		Brian Morris and Martin McClellan performing decompression stops on their way back to Lake Tahoe's surface.
	www.diverssupport.com (350 words)

	IANTD Australasia - Sport Diving training - www.iantd.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Students are taught the use of EANx mixtures from 21% to a maximum of 40% oxygen for diving.
		EANx mixtures in the range of 41% to 100% oxygen are used to teach the fundamentals of safety and decompression stops.
		Decompression stops during training are limited to a maximum planned duration of 15 minutes.
	www.iantd.com.au /sportdiver.htm (588 words)

	Features - Tubbataha.com
		Re-calculate the decompression profile by including the deep safety stop in the profile (most software will allow for multi-level profile calculations).
		If the distance between your first deep safety stop and your first "required" stop is greater than 30 feet, then add a second deep safety stop at the midpoint between the first deep safety stop and the first required stop.
		Repeat as necessary until there is less than 30 feet between your last deep safety stop and the first required safety stop.
	www.tubbataha.com /features/deepstops.asp (2923 words)

	Welcome to Scuba.ie !
		For example, on an average 70m dive, my first decompression stop would usually be somewhere in the neighborhood of 15m, but the depth I needed to stop for the fish would be around 38m.
		The ambient pressure at your 6m safety stop is 1.6 ATA - which represents roughly the midpoint in pressure between 3.3 ATA and 1 ATA.
		For example, suppose you want to do a trimix dive to 90m, and your desktop software says that your first "required" decompression stop is 30m.
	www.scuba.ie /pyle.htm (2825 words)

	Los Alamos National Laboratory News
		It governs not only how long and deep a diver may go but also how many decompression stops a diver must make on the way back up, and at what depth they are made.
		Wienke's research is in collaboration with the University of Rochester, the University of Trondheim, Norway, the University of Wisconsin, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the University of Hawaii.
		The advantages of RGBM stem from its use of mixed gases, the most common called trimix, heliox, and nitrox, and a different approach to determining the depth and timing of decompression stops upon ascent based on the properties of these gases and their biophysical response to various levels of pressure.
	www.lanl.gov /news/index.php/fuseaction/home.story/story_id/1175/view/print (1136 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Method #1: Use dive tables to predict a dive profile that includes required decompression stops.
		Method #3: Divers using secondary deco cylinders have an extra edge on the folks who want to decompress on the remaining air in their primary tanks.
		Risk — Because stage-decompression divers cannot rise above the decompression ceiling, should they miss the ascent/descent line, their risk of being carried away from the boat in a current is greater.
	www.reefscuba.com /21Tips.htm (1466 words)

	Trimix Decompression Example
		For comparison purposes, this calculation was for a bottom gas of 13/50 trimix, with ascent on trimix and 36%, 50%, and 100% Nitrox.
		The following ascent starts at 33 feet/min to the first stop at 200 feet, which is far deeper than the stops required by Buhlmann-based programs.
		The ascent is controlled by the compartments above the ambient line (ie: with positive gradients), with the faster halftimes limiting the deep portion and slow halftime compartments limiting the shallow portion of the decompression.
	www.decompression.org /maiken/VPM_trimix.htm (333 words)

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