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	DECONTAMINATION
		Decontamination is the reduction or removal of chemical agents.
		Decontamination at the medical treatment facility prevents spread of the agent to areas of the body previously uncontaminated, contamination of personnel assisting the patient, and contamination of the medical facility.
		Decontamination at the medical treatment facility is directed toward (1) eliminating any agent transferred to the patient during removal of protective clothing; (2) decontaminating or containing of contaminated clothing and personal equipment; and (3) maintaining an uncontaminated treatment facility.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/usa/doctrine/army/mmcch/Decontam.htm (3201 words)

	Decontamination -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Decontamination is the process of cleansing to remove (The act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors) contamination, or the possibility (or fear) of contamination.
		Decontamination is sometimes abbreviated as "decon", "dcon", or "decontam".
		Dofficers (Decontamination officers in the "doffing" or disrobing area) are often police or military personnel, ready to handle potentially unruly persons who refuse to cooperate with first responders.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/decontamination.htm (1108 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Pesticide Worker Protection Standard; Decontamination Requirements
		With regard to the decontamination requirement, several commodity and other groups stated their belief that the duration of the 30-day requirement is unnecessary because decontamination supplies must be provided even when there is no apparent risk, in their estimation.
		Retaining decontamination requirements for a period of 30 days after the expiration of an REI for pesticides other than the low toxicity pesticides lessens the chances that workers will be harmed by pesticide residues and decreases their chronic exposures to pesticides.
		If decontamination supplies were the sole means of addressing drift, the Agency would have to require that supplies always be available, regardless of the length of the REI or the toxicity of the pesticide.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1996/June/Day-26/pr-769.html (5855 words)

	Decontamination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Decontamination of humans is usually done by a three step procedure, separated by gender: removal of clothing, washing, and reclothing.
		Decontamination is the process of cleansing to remove contamination, or the possibility (or fear) of contamination.
		This NATO image shows a realistic decontamination exercise, in which civilians were actually decontaminated, in the same way as if a real bioterror attack, or the like, had occurred.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decontamination (1213 words)

	A New Decontamination Process for (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the case of decommissioning, the decontamination objective is normally aimed at dose rate reduction within the entire nuclear station and not at small local areas to support limited maintenance activities as normally seen during operational decontaminations.
		The decontamination effort was highly successful for all of the systems decontaminated and resulted in an average ambient dose reduction factor (DRF) of 15.
		The entire systems that were decontaminated had an overall volume of approximately 130,000 gallons and a total surface area of 51,800 ft² stainless and of 9,900 ft² carbon steel.
	npj.goinfo.com /NPJMain.nsf/504ca249c786e20f85256284006da7ab/8d80ce29b32b155a862566ad00727c1b?OpenDocument (2743 words)

	Introduction Decontamination Methods by Robert Heyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This document on decontamination was originally written and delivered Sept 15, 2001 to firefighters and police officers, and later revised.
		When decontamination for a biological attack is called for, foot washes and hypochlorite solutions may be the most effective.
		When using bleach solutions to decontaminate after a biological attack it is important to remember to allow proper contact time for the bleach solution to work.
	www.biohazardnews.net /decon.shtml (2960 words)

	Healthcare facilities cleaning manual: Decontamination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Decontamination is the combination of processes (including cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization) that equipment and surfaces should undergo in order to make them safe for further use on patients and handling by staff.
		Staff performing decontamination duties should be appropriately trained, supervised and their performance monitored in order to ensure effective decontamination levels and avoid risk to their own health and safety.
		Decontamination of spillages in clinical areas is usually undertaken by a member of the nursing team.
	patientexperience.nhsestates.gov.uk /clean_hospitals/ch_content/cleaning_manual/decontamination.asp (704 words)

	Joint Commission Resources : Nuclear, biological, and chemical decontamination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Decontamination begins with clinical assessment and should proceed in an orderly manner from head to toe in keeping with the primary trauma assessment.
		It is important to explain to a victim what you are doing during the decontamination process to keep the individual as calm and compliant with these procedures as possible.
		Remember that as soon as a victim is decontaminated, he or she can then be treated as a "normal" patient.
	www.jcrinc.com /subscribers/printview.asp?durki=1015 (1413 words)

	Encyclopedia: Decontamination
		Hospitals are often prepared for handling a large influx of patients from a terrorist attack: Mass decontamination (abbreviated mass decon) is the decontamination of large numbers of people, in the event of industrial, accidental, or intentional contamination by toxic, infective, caustic, polluted, or otherwise unhealthful or damaging substances.
		Download high resolution version (2000x1303, 338 KB)NATO decontamination exercise This image shows a realistic decontamination exercise, in which civilians were actually decontaminated, in the same way as if a real bioterror attack, or the like, had occurred.
		Mass decontamination Mass decontamination (abbreviated mass decon) is the decontamination of large numbers of people, in the event of industrial, accidental, or intentional contamination by toxic, infective, caustic, polluted, or otherwise unhealthful or damaging substances.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Decontamination (2009 words)

	EPA: Pesticides - Worker Protection Program Update:
		Decontamination supplies (soap, water, paper towels) must be available when a worker enters a treated area and will contact a treated surface.
		Decontamination supplies are required for seven days following the REI for low risk pesticides defined as pesticides with REIs of four hours or less.
		Because of the relatively low cost of supplying and maintaining decontamination supplies and the high potential risks which workers face from exposure to pesticides, EPA is not amending other aspects of the decontamination requirement.
	www.epa.gov /oppfead1/safety/workers/decontam.htm (377 words)

	Decontamination
		High decontamination capacity is one of the factors which may reduce the effect of an attack with CW agents.
		The decontamination container used by the civil defence forces is a development of the tent and heated with heat-exchanged hot air from a diesel burner.
		Decontamination of CW agents which have penetrated deeply into the surface can also be done with decontaminants which are capable of penetrating the contaminated material.
	www.opcw.org /resp/html/decon.html (2051 words)

	RAND Bioterrorism Conference -- Raber Presentation 2
		The requirements for decontamination in the civilian sector are demanding and somewhat different from decontamination requirements from a military perspective.
		Short decontamination times, on the order of several hours, is enough for the civilian sector, whereas the military sector requires even faster action.
		A wide-distribution decontamination method for outdoors is very different than the kind of system that might be required in a subway system with walls, ceilings, tracks, soil, concrete, and other materials to decontaminate.
	www.rand.org /nsrd/bioterr/raber2.htm (2530 words)

	NDM Article - Decontamination Technology Still Outdated
		Decontamination agents in use today, such as high test hypochlorite (HTH), super tropical bleach (STB) and decontamination solution 2 (DS-2) are caustic.
		The Defense Department is planning to allocate approximately $52 million for decontamination in 2004, said Anna Johnson Winegar, the deputy assistant to the secretary of defense for chemical and biological defense.
		For the decontamination of large fixed sites, the Pentagon is developing the Joint Service Family of Decontamination Systems, which could be used by all the services.
	www.nationaldefensemagazine.org /issues/2003/Jun/Decontamination.htm (1809 words)

	Fire Engineering - Mass Decontamination: Dispelling the Mystery
		It is essential to decontaminate victims prior to transportation to stop further injury caused by contaminants, to eliminate the spread of lethal agents, and keep hospitals from closing because of contamination.
		For the purposes of this article, emergency decontamination is the initial effort to use appliances at hand to remove contaminants while a more thorough means of decontamination is established, either mass decontamination or technical decontamination.
		Mass decontamination is necessary when vast numbers of people have been potentially contaminated with a harmful or life-threatening substance.
	fe.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=OnlineArticles&SubSection=HOME&PUBLICATION_ID=25&ARTICLE_ID=169129 (2461 words)

	Decontamination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The federal government is providing grant monies to hospitals to increase awareness and decontamination capabilities, and to ensure that adequate personal protective equipment is available for employees to safely decontaminate victims.
		Often, decontamination is as simple as a lengthy shower and a vigorous scrubbing of the skin.
		Decontamination is a process of removing harmful substances from a person's body, or diluting the concentration of the hazardous substance to non-toxic levels.
	www.wrhospital.com /decontam.htm (295 words)

	Decontamination in a PCP polluted building...
		To verify the success of the decontamination treatment air measurements were taken after a 14 to 16 hour long closing of the room and at temperature levels typical for residential occupation.
		The increased dust contamination in the air does not come unexpected since, as a consequence of the humidity-controlled thermal decontamination, surface consolidant coatings, such as fats, oils, soot, etc. are (visibly) removed.
		The decontamination time (holding phase) may be shortened, depending on the air accessibility, by raising the heating temperature and relative humidity.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /byauth/gagelmann/gagelmann.html (1358 words)

	Decontamination: Online Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A series of 24 forms used to assess decontamination practices in organisations as required by HSC 2000/032 Decontamination of Medical Devices.
		The circular emphasises the importance of implementing existing guidance on the cleaning and sterilization of medical devices and in particular, assessing the suitability and validation of equipment used for decontamination of surgical instruments.
		Covers the broader issues relating to the reprocessing of re-usable surgical instruments and is intended for people working in multi-disciplinary healthcare fields who are involved in any aspect of the management of surgical instruments and equipment.
	www.decontamination.nhsestates.gov.uk /guidance_information/content/online_resources.html (798 words)

	Decontamination of Sterling Mail Facility
		The first priority is to ensure the health and safety of employees, the community, and those who are performing the decontamination work.
		Our strategy is to dispose of as much of the contents of the building as possible, thereby significantly reducing the exposed surface area for fumigation.
		Following decontamination, an Environmental Clearance Committee, comprised of public health officials and members of employee groups and the community, will make recommendations to the Department of State on the appropriateness of re-occupancy of the facility.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2003/18992.htm (598 words)

	mass decontamination summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The element is responsible for the decontamination of personnel and casualties, which in turn stabilizes causalities for further treatment.
		The LDS provides the capability to decontaminate the greater number of victims at one time but affords no privacy, while the EDCS provides privacy in the form of covered decontamination lanes but the rate of processing casualties is slowed.
		Once the decision to decontaminate has been made, the principle is that all casualties, whether injured or not, that are suspected of being contaminated will receive decontamination at the scene.
	wearcam.org /envirotech/decon_summary.htm (13849 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Chemical Decontamination : Article by Liudvikas Jagminas, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		M291 resin is a dry fl carbonaceous material that decontaminates by absorption and physical removal of the CWA from the victim.
		Patients are decontaminated on the dirty side and are brought to the hotline nude except for their PPE mask.
		The patient is contaminated with a volatile toxic or flammable chemical and is decontaminated insufficiently prior to entering the ED.
	emedicine.com /emerg/topic893.htm (2676 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense: Medical Management of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		While decontamination preparations such as fresh hypochlorite react rapidly with some agents (e.g., the half time for destruction of VX by hypochlorite at a pH of 10 is 1.5 minutes), the half times of destruction of other agents, such as mustard, are much longer.
		The M291 resin kit and 0.5% hypochlorite for casualty decontamination are stateSofStheSart.
		Certification of decontamination is accomplished by any of the following: processing through the decontamination facility; M8 paper; M9 tape; M256A1 sampler; or by the CAM (Chemical Agent Monitor).
	www.vnh.org /CHEMCASU/08Decontamination.html (3260 words)

	ICS Pordecon Hazmat Decontamination Tank Features
		Collecting the run-off from the decontamination process can include a minimum of one tank for simple gross decontamination or can include several for larger scale incidents that require gross decontamination, neutralization and a final rinse.
		Run-off collected during the hazmat decontamination process should always be tested to confirm or deny the presence and quantity of hazardous materials.
		After gross decontamination has occurred, ambulatory patients should be afforded the opportunity to wash themselves in privacy.
	www.silcom.com /~pordecon/features.htm (808 words)

	4.25 Hot Gas Decontamination
		Hot gas decontamination can also be used for decontamination of explosives-contaminated masonry or metallic structures.
		Items decontaminated for 6 hours at a minimum temperature of 260 °C(500 °F) were found to be safe for public release as scrap.
		The cost of the decontamination will vary with the application, depending upon the size and geometry of the equipment or material to be decontaminated and the temperature and holding time required for the decontamination.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4_25.html (580 words)

	Restoration Technology - Hot-Gas Decontamination
		Hot-gas decontamination is a rapid, effective and inexpensive decontamination method for process equipment.
		The United States Army Environmental Center (USAEC) has sponsored demonstrations that show that 99.9999% decontamination of structural components is possible using heated gas to thermally decompose or volatilize explosives or chemical agents, with destruction of off-gases in a thermal oxidizer.
		Removal efficiencies of 99.9999% were demonstrated at decontamination temperatures of 550-600 degrees F. The decontamination process holds a steady temperature of 600 degrees F for one hour.
	aec.army.mil /usaec/technology/cleanup03a.html (1078 words)

	Decontamination \| First Line Technology, LLC
		The Mobile Decontamination Unit can cope with both ambulatory and stretcher casualties at the same time.
		Contaminated casualties without other forms of physical injury can be decontaminated using the overhead shower portion of the trailer, while others can be decontaminated on stretchers.
		The philosophy is to operate simultaneously three environmentally controlled sections – the dirty part, the decontamination part, and the clean part – separated by specially designed privacy curtains.
	www.firstlinetechnology.com /decon/index.jsp?sub=effective (256 words)

	Decontamination System sets up in minutes., Andax Environmental Corp.
		This innovative de-con station is specifically designed for ambulatory or non-ambulatory decontamination, particularly where haz-mat individuals are personally attending contaminated victims or other haz-mat team members.
		This T-Pac de-con shelter is ideal for decontaminating immobilized, contaminated patients while rolling them through on our optional Portable De-Con Roller System (as shown).
		This easy-to-use decontamination station is set up in minutes by one or two people and does not need any air inflation, electricity, piping or plumbing!
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/451905/rsi (611 words)

	ODP Fact Sheet - Mass Casualty Decontamination: Massachusetts' Rapid Response System
		In the event of a chemical, biological, or radiological attack, a phased response system will be activated to provide for the decontamination of large numbers of people in a manner that maintains control of the incident, reduces harm to exposed persons, and prevents the spread of the agent by contaminated persons.
		This Rapid Response System (RRS) relies on the immediate initiation of decontamination by local first responders, who are supported by a phased decontamination response that provides the local jurisdiction with the ability to access, decontaminate, and treat exposed persons, including those who cannot extricate themselves or be safely extricated.
		These units also carry the mass casualty decontamination system, consisting of tents, decontamination pools, heaters, lights, water manifolds, hoses and wands, and a locally developed rail system that allows for the free movement of stretcher-borne casualties.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /odp/docs/fs-decon.htm (986 words)

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