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Topic: Decree of Peace

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	The Avalon Project : Decree of the Emperor Henry IV Concerning a Truce of God (1085 A.D.)
		It, during the space for which the peace has been declared, it shall be necessary for any one to go to another place where that peace isn't observed, he may bear arms; provided, nevertheless, that he harm no one unless he is at.
		The peace is not violated if, while it continues, the duke, or other counts or bailiffs, or their substitutes hold courts, and lawfully exercise judgment over thieves and robbers, and other harmful persons.
		This imperial peace has been decreed chiefly for the security of all those who are at feud; but not to the end that, after the peace is over, they may dare to rob and plunder throughout the villages and homes.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/dechenry.htm (918 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Lenin's Decree on Peace, 26 October 1917
		The Russian Government proposes to all warring peoples that this kind of peace be concluded at once; it also expresses its readiness to take immediately, without the least delay, all decisive steps pending the final confirmation of all the terms of such a peace by the plenipotentiary assemblies of all countries and all nations.
		While addressing to the governments and peoples of all countries the proposal to begin at once open peace negotiations, the government, for its part, expresses its readiness to carry on these negotiations by written communications, by telegraph by parleys of the representatives of different countries, or at a conference of such representatives.
		In making these peace proposals to the government and peoples of all warring countries, the Provisional Government of Workers and Peasants of Russia appeals particularly to the class-conscious workers of the three most advanced nations of mankind, who are also the largest states participating in the present war - England, France and Germany.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/decreeonpeace.htm (849 words)

	MEDIEVAL WOMEN - Scriptorium: Decree of the Emperor Henry IV concerning a Truce of God
		It is an exception also to this statute of peace, if the emperor shall publicly order an expedition to be made to seek the enemies of the realm, or shall be pleased to hold a council to judge the enemies of justice.
		The peace is not violated if, while it continues, the duke, or other counts, or bailiffs, or their substitutes hold courts, and lawfully exercise judgment over thieves and robbers, and other harmful persons.
		This imperial peace has been decreed chiefly for the security of all those who are at feud; but not to the end that, after the peace is over, they may dare to rob and plunder throughout the villages and homes.
	mw.mcmaster.ca /scriptorium/henry4.html (804 words)

	Justice and Peace Law and Decree 128
		Today most paramilitaries who have demobilized have benefited from Decree 128 of 2003 under which members of illegal armed groups who are not under investigation for human rights offences receive de facto amnesties.
		It is precisely because of the endemic problem of impunity in Colombia that most paramilitaries and guerrillas, many of whom are responsible for war crimes, crimes against humanity and other crimes under international law, have never been investigated, let alone been brought to justice for these offences.
		Decree 128 grants legal and economic benefits to members of armed groups who have demobilized.
	www.amnestyusa.org /Colombia/Justice_and_Peace_Law_and_Decree_128/page.do?id=1101862&n1=3&n2=30&n3=885 (755 words)

	The Myth of Democratic Peace: Why Democracy Cannot Deliver Peace in the 21st Century by James Ostrowski
		Peace is the absence of violence or the palpable threat of violence against persons and their property.
		Second, some will argue that peace must also include the provision of certain basic conditions of life without which peace in the narrow sense is meaningless and without which breaches of the peace in the narrow sense are assured.
		The belief that democracy promotes peace, often termed the theory of democratic pacifism, is broadly held by academics, politicians, diplomats, and a wide swath of the general public.
	www.lewrockwell.com /ostrowski/ostrowski72.html (9092 words)

	Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets — 02 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The government proclaims the unconditional and immediate annulment of everything contained in these secret treaties insofar as it is aimed, as is mostly the case, at securing advantages and privileges for the Russian landowners and capitalists and at the retention, or extension, of the annexations made by the Great Russians.
		Proposing to the governments and peoples of all countries immediately to begin open negotiations for peace, the government, for its part, expresses its readiness to conduct these negotiations in writing, by telegraph, and by negotiations between representatives of the various countries, or at a conference of such representatives.
		While addressing this proposal for peace to the governments and peoples of all the belligerent countries, the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Russia appeals in particular also to the class-conscious workers of the three most advanced nations of mankind and the largest states participating in the present way, namely, Great Britain, France, and Germany.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1917/oct/25-26/26b.htm (1022 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Purgatory
		Purgatory (Lat., "purgare", to make clean, to purify) in accordance with Catholic teaching is a place or condition of temporal punishment for those who, departing this life in God's grace, are, not entirely free from venial faults, or have not fully paid the satisfaction due to their transgressions.
		XXXI, col. 1031), and in the decree of the Council of Trent which (Sess.
		On the tombs of the faithful were inscribed words of hope, words of petition for peace and for rest; and as the anniversaries came round the faithful gathered at the graves of the departed to make intercession for those who had gone before.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12575a.htm (4466 words)

	Prayers for Peace & Tiqun Olom (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Peace is living together because we need each other, and not just because we need to coexist.
		Peace means we live unafraid, relying on each other for the provision of our basic needs and the protection of our basic rights.
		Peace means we decree liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants.
	home.earthlink.net /~bbenbaruch/SHALOMPRAY.htm (895 words)

	Geneva Symbolic Peace Treaty and Bible Numbers
		The 2003 Geneva Peace Treaty between Israel and the Palestinians is a proto type of the peace treaty to come, and a wake up call to all believers.
		Hence, this symbolic peace treaty (that concerns Jerusalem) fits well with the theme of the hand-code, since the bible declares that this future prophesied seven-year covenant will be broken, and then Antichrist will attack Jerusalem with all of his hordes (3½-years later?).
		Seventy weeks are decreed upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most holy.
	www.bible-codes.org /Geneva-peace-treaty-covenant-Israel.htm (2957 words)

	Megarian Decree
		In Thucydides' view, the complaints about the Megarian Decree were mere pretexts for war, and were not the real cause, which he seeks in something that looks more like a philosophical statement about human nature than a historical explanation.
		When the [Athenian] Assembly convened to consider the matter, Pericles, who far excelled all his fellow citizens in skill of oratory, persuaded the Athenians not to rescind the action, saying that for them to accede to the demands of the Spartans, contrary to their own interests, would be the first step toward slavery.
		Sparta and Athens had been at war before and had concluded a peace treaty in which they had decided that future conflicts were to be solved by arbitration.
	www.livius.org /mea-mem/megara/decree.html (1165 words)

	Russian revolution. Lenin in October 1917
		The first decrees of the Soviet Government adopted by the Congress-the Decree on Peace and the Decree on Land, are on display.
		Lenin's Decree on Peace defined the character and direction of the entire foreign policy of the first socialist state in the world.
		Under the Decree on Land, all land owned by the landlords was to be transferred to the people immediately and without any compensation.
	www.stel.ru /museum/Russian_revolution_1917.htm (1366 words)

	Europe 1914-1945:
		To understand the various peace proposals that were issued during the course of World War I, it is first necessary to review the war itself: the course of fighting, who the belligerents were, and the outcome of the war.
		The new government issued Lenin's decree on peace, a proposal that came to be known as the Bolshevik peace plan.
		The final major public peace proposal is significant because it is the one which eventually led to an armistice in November of 1918: the Fourteen Points of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.
	www.loyno.edu /history/journal/1994-5/Smestad.htm (2275 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In terms of a philosophical analysis of War and Peace, if taken as logical opposites, it may well be supposed that a ‘short war’ could be fought to achieve peace; a ‘good peace’ will help to sustain peace, and that a ‘just, good peace’, will never create room for another war.
		It is only when war ends, and peace prevails, before men and women are able to commence any reconstruction and restoration efforts, which aim for the “rebirth of social progress and social justice” in order to advance the human condition.
		Peaceful internal associations and peaceful external relations are therefore inextricably linked with ethical concepts of justice, the same way internal (domestic) and regional (international) economic prosperity and political stability are also inextricably connected.
	eprdforgans.org /EPRDF_doc/Articles/Eth_peacepro.htm (2440 words)

	Decree on Ecumrnism - Unitatis Redintegratio
		Although the ecumenical movement and the desire for peace with the Catholic Church have not yet taken hold everywhere, it is our hope that ecumenical feeling and mutual esteem may gradually increase among all men.
		This active faith has been responsible for many organizations for the relief of spiritual and material distress, the furtherance of the education of youth, the improvement of the social conditions of life, and the promotion of peace throughout the world.
		And We, by the apostolic authority given Us by Christ and in union with the Fathers, approve, decree and establish them in the Holy Spirit and command that they be promulgated for the glory of God.
	www.vatican.va /archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html (5562 words)

	Truth Commissions Digital Collection: U.S. Institute of Peace
		The commission was established on December 29, 1990 to investigate crimes committed during the eight-year rule of Hissein Habre and was chaired by Chad’s chief prosecutor Mahamat Hassan Abakar.
		The Enquet Kommission Aufarbeitung von Geschichte und Folgen der SED-Diktator in Deutschland, or Study Commission for the Assessment of History and Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in Germany, was set up by members of the German Parliament in March 1992 to investigate human rights violations under communist rule in East Germany from 1949 to 1989.
		A peace agreement between the government of Sierra Leone and the rebel Revolutionary United Front calls for the establishment of a truth and reconciliation commission within 90 days after the signing of the agreement on July 7, 1999.
	www.usip.org /library/truth.html (4150 words)

	Decree of Peace - InformationBlast
		The Decree On Peace, written by Vladimir Lenin, was passed by the Second Congress of the Soviet of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies on the 26 October 1917, following the success of the October Revolution.
		The workers' and peasants' government, created by the Revolution of October 24-25 and basing itself on the Soviet of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, calls upon all the belligerent peoples and their government to start immediate negotiations for a just, democratic peace.
		The governments and the bourgeoisie will make every effort to unite their forces and drown the workers' and peasants' revolution in blood.
	www.informationblast.com /Decree_of_Peace.html (201 words)

	Bolsheviks and War [Sam Marcy -- 1985]: Appendix X: Decree on Peace by 2'nd All-Russia Congress of Soviets
		Proposing to the governments and peoples of all countries immediately to begin open negotiations for peace the government, for its part, expresses its readiness to conduct these negotiations in writing, by telegraph, and by negotiations between representatives of the various countries or at a conference of such representatives.
		The government proposes an immediate armistice to the governments and peoples of all the belligerent countries and for its part considers it desirable that this armistice should be concluded for a period of not less than three months, i.e.
		While addressing this proposal for peace to the governments and people of all the belligerent countries, the Provisional Workers and Peasants Government of Russia appeals in particular also to the class-conscious workers of the three most advanced nations of humanity and the largest states participating in the present war, namely, Great Britain, France, and Germany.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/sambol/bolwar/bolwar16.htm (803 words)

	Untitled Document
		An ideology of Peace pervaded the language of political conciliation on an international scale, most notably at the meeting in 1024 on the Meuse where Robert II and emperor Henry II proclaimed a universal peace.
		Commoners began to share in the oaths and the responsibilities of the Peace Assemblies, the crowds and the assemblies multiplied, and the movement began to develop legislation.
		Similarly, in Normandy, the first Peace Council in that area responded to the violence and uncertainty after the death of Duke Robert I and preceding the ascendancy of William the Conquerer.
	www.mille.org /people/rlpages/paxdei.html (2067 words)

	Peace Corps Online \| The Complete Transcript
		To that end, Peace Corps has retained consultants to study the issue so there is a thorough, diligent, and very deliberate process in place to analyze who, beyond the initial 23, should be considered for exemption to the five year rule.
		Loret Ruppe Miller was the longest serving Peace Corps Director and many have said that her directorship was second to none except perhaps for Shriver, and that her longevity in office and her total commitment to the Peace Corps played a large part in her success and accomplishments.
		He is right about Peace Corps efficiency in passing the buck of many FECA claims to the Department of Labor and no legal challenges of the these safety cases.
	peacecorpsonline.org /messages/messages/2629/2023627.html (13256 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Peace by Aristophanes
		Then, when the towns subject to you saw that you were angered one against the other and were showing each other your teeth like dogs, they hatched a thousand plots to pay you no more dues and gained over the chief citizens of Sparta at the price of gold.
		Though this was profitable to them, it was the ruin of the husbandmen, who were innocent of all blame; for, in revenge, your galleys went out to devour their figs.
		Peace, mighty queen, venerated goddess, thou, who presidest over choruses and at nuptials, deign to accept the sacrifices we offer thee.
	classics.mit.edu /Aristophanes/peace.html (7072 words)

	Teachings
		Vatican II Divinely sent to the nations of the world to be unto them "a universal sacrament of salvation," the Church, driven by the inner necessity of her own catholicity, and obeying the mandate of her Founder, strives ever to proclaim the Gospel to all men.
		The most important of these inventions are those media which, such as the press, movies, radio, television and the like, can, of their very nature, reach and influence, not only individuals, but the very masses and the whole of human society, and thus can rightly be called the media of social communication.
		In the Didache (1st century) it is clearly said: 'You shall not kill by abortion the fruit of the womb and you shall not murder the infant already born.'...
	www.ourladyswarriors.org /teach (5099 words)

	Refugees, The Palestinian Refugees - The Peace Encyclopedia
		"We extend the hand of peace and good-neighborliness to all the States around us and to their people, and we call upon them to cooperate in mutual helpfulness with the independent Jewish nation in its Land.
		By the 1950s, just 5,000 Jews remained in Syria, subjected to harsh decrees; they were banned from emigrating, selling their property, or working in government offices, and were compelled to carry special cards identifying them as Jews.
		It became an excuse for not making peace - for not accepting the reality that the ancient land of Israel-Palestine could be populated by two peoples and divided into two nations.
	www.yahoodi.com /peace/refugees.html (8977 words)

	LEON TROTSKY: 1917: The Peace Programme Of The Revolution
		If we are forced to make peace alone, we shall declare to Germany that it is inadmissible to withdraw their troops from the Russian front to some other front since we are making an honourable peace and cannot permit England and France to be crushed by reason of it.
		And if, after these frank and honourable declarations, the Kaiser refuses to make peace, if the banks and exchanges which profit by the war destroy our peace, the nations will see on whose side is the right and we shall come out the stronger, the Kaiser and the financiers the weaker.
		The Czars are afraid of the conclusion of peace, are afraid that the people will ask for an accounting of all the great sacrifices they have made and all the blood they have shed.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1917/peace.htm (1670 words)

	Arizona History: Historic Facts and Overview
		The second was the issuance of a decree by King Charles II of Spain to expel all Jesuits from the Spanish Empire.
		The Royal Regulations of 1772, decreed by King Charles III of Spain specified many changes to be made in New Spain.
		Included was a specification that natives requesting peace be placed in villages close to the presidios and given presents of inferior firearms and alcoholic beverages.
	www.e-referencedesk.com /resources/state-history/arizona.html (8550 words)

	Immanuel Kant: Perpetual Peace
		Otherwise a treaty would be only a truce, a suspension of hostilities but not peace, which means the end of all hostilities — so much so that even to attach the word "perpetual" to it is a dubious pleonasm.
		For this reason, the cost of peace finally becomes more oppressive than that of a short war, and consequently a standing army is itself a cause of offensive war waged in order to relieve the state of this burden.
		But by war and its favorable issue, in victory, right is not decided, and though by a treaty of peace this particular war is brought to an end, the state of war, of always finding a new pretext to hostilities, is not terminated.
	www.constitution.org /kant/perpeace.htm (5354 words)

	Preservation of the Peace - By Executive Decree - Library and Archives Canada
		Although the Department of Indian Affairs was established in 1880, administration of the department fell to ministers with other portfolios until 1966, when the office of minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development was created.
		On October 17, 1883, Governor General Lorne (1845-1914) approved an order-in-council in which Sir John A. Macdonald (1815-1891) shifted control of Indian Affairs from the Minister of the Interior to the President of the Privy Council.
		Thus, with a single order-in-council, the prime minister became President of the Privy Council, Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs and director of the North West Mounted Police, a consolidation of executive power that would have profound implications for the "preservation of the peace" during the North West Rebellion of 1885.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /executive-decree/023004-3061-e.html (142 words)

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