
	Where results make sense

Topic: Deductive logic

Related Topics

Deductive reasoning

Induction (philosophy)

Formal logic

Deduction and induction

Disjunctive syllogism

Logical operator

Philosophical skepticism

Modus ponens

Modus tollens

Continental rationalism

Discourse on Method

Denying the antecedent

Empiricism

Empirical knowledge

Scientific method

	Logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ambiguity is that "formal logic" is very often used with the alternate meaning of symbolic logic as we have defined it, with informal logic meaning any logical investigation that does not involve symbolic abstraction; it is this sense of 'formal' that is parallel to the received usages coming from "formal languages" or "formal theory".
		The boldest attempt to apply logic to mathematics was undoubtedly the logicism pioneered by philosopher-logicians such as Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell: the idea was that mathematical theories were logical tautologies, and the programme was to show this by means to a reduction of mathematics to logic.
		Logic is extensively applied in the fields of artificial intelligence, and computer science, and these fields provide a rich source of problems in formal logic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logic (3441 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Logic
		Logic is the science and art which so directs the mind in the process of reasoning and subsidiary processes as to enable it to attain clearness, consistency, and validity in those processes.
		One of the devices of the opponents of scholasticism is to identify the Schoolmen and Aristotle with the advocacy of an exclusively deductive logic.
		Nevertheless, the logic of the Schools is an improvement on Aristotelean logic.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09324a.htm (5127 words)

	Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In traditional Aristotelian logic, deductive reasoning is inference in which the conclusion is of lesser or equal generality than the premises, as opposed to inductive reasoning, where the conclusion is of greater generality than the premises.
		Other theories of logic define deductive reasoning as inference in which the conclusion is just as certain as the premises, as opposed to inductive reasoning, where the conclusion can have less certainty than the premises.
		In both approaches, the conclusion of a deductive inference is necessitated by the premises: the premises can't be true while the conclusion is false.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deductive_reasoning (762 words)

	Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Logic, in general, is the study of good reasoning and the rules used in good reasoning.
		Formal logic is the study of the structure of bits of reasoning, in particular, arguments.
		Propositional logic (sometimes called sentential or truth-functional logic) -- one branch of formal logic -- is the study of deductive arguments from the point of view of the truth-functions of the propositions (or sentences) that make up the argument.
	merlin.capcollege.bc.ca /mfleming/deduct.htm (1869 words)

	logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Logic is the study of reasoning --- the nature of good (correct) reasoning and of bad (incorrect) reasoning.
		As a "branch" of philosophy, logic is often broken down into many subsets: for instance, modal logic, many-valued logic, modern logic, symbolic logic, formal and informal logic, deductive and inductive logic.
		The investigation of deduction and the elaboration of the syllogism are the work of Aristotle, and the Aristotelian logic has been the logic of schools and men in general; this has been certainly assisted by its application in the Euclidean geometry and in the scholastic philosophy.
	www.philosophicalsociety.com /logic.htm (881 words)

	Deductive reasoning -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Deductive reasoning was first described by the ancient Greek philosophers such as (One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)) Aristotle.
		In (The branch of philosophy that analyzes inference) logic, there are two broad methods of reaching a conclusion.
		Deductive reasoning is fundamentally in the form of an assertion of idea to materialisation, while inductive reasoning is from empirical evidence to formulate the generalise knowledge of the observation thereof.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/deductive_reasoning.htm (383 words)

	Does Logic Presuppose the Existence of the Christian God?
		Let us understand deductive logic to be the study of valid deductive arguments; that is, arguments in which the premises necessitate the conclusion.
		Deductive validity is determined by the form of the argument and not the content of the premises.
		Bahnsen in turn criticized conventionalism in logic by arguing that if logic is conventional, it is arbitrary[8] and that this is this is absurd.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/michael_martin/logic.html (2603 words)

	[No title]
		The problem of inductive logic is to determine the actual truth or falsity of propositions: the problem of deductive logic is to determine their relative truth or falsity, that is to say, given such and such propositions as true, what others will follow from them.
		Formal logic, however, cannot take account of the matter of propositions; and is therefore obliged to set down all indefinite propositions as particular, since it is not evident from the form that they are universal.
		But in logic the word 'some' is not held to express more than 'some at least, if not all.' Hence we find not only that an indefinite proposition may, as a matter of fact, be strictly particular, but that a proposition which appears to be strictly particular may be indefinite.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/8ddlg10.txt (20953 words)

	Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A natural deduction system consists of a set of rules of inference, permitting conclusions to be derived from a set of premises.
		A deduction is a sequence of sentences, each of which is either a premise or a sentence derived from earlier sentences, in accordance with the rules of inference that make up our deductive system.
		The point of the natural deduction method is to be able to break every valid argument into a series of smaller arguments, each of which is intuitively valid.
	students.washington.edu /lhannah/logic/week4.html (1263 words)

	Inductive Logic
		Deductive logic only tells us that the logical structures of some sentences — i.e., the syntactic arrangements of their logical terms — preclude them from being jointly true of any single possible state of affairs.
		The notion of logical entailment is interdefinable with it.
		The logic should explicate the notion of evidential support for all sorts of hypotheses, ranging from simple diagnostic claims (e.g., “the patient is infected with the HIV”) to scientific theories about the fundamental nature of the world, like quantum mechanics or the theory of relativity.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/logic-inductive (12775 words)

	Deductive reasoning. (from logic) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A deductive argument is frequently stated in the form of a syllogism.
		The formalism and theoretical results of pure logic can be clothed with meanings derived from a variety of sources within philosophy as well as from other sciences.
		Logic is the study of the way in which valid conclusions may be drawn from given premises.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-204013?tocId=204013&ct= (724 words)

	Jamaican teachers and deductive logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Putting it metaphorically but, one hopes, illuminatingly, deductive logic is a matter of the routes that exist or do not exist between distinct items of information.
		In earlier years, the logic test included some sets of items whose logical status depended much more on their content (numerical or relational) than their form, and with these items it was often found that candidates did better on the invalid items than on the valid ones.
		Mediaeval scholars, who had at least the benefit of studying a logical theory with a simple set of rules, may not have needed a name for this principle since it breaks one of the most easily checked of the rules: a syllogism must not have more than one negative premise.
	www.cavehill.uwi.edu /bnccde/epb/CJE.html (4658 words)

	Home
		In logic, as in math and all other walks of life, there are degrees of formality -- or, if you prefer, degrees of informality.
		In Deductive Sentential Logic, the method of deduction proceeds from compound sentences known as conjunctions, disjunctions, conditionals, and negations, which are discussed in Ordinary Logic Makes a Statement or Two.
		The deductive arguments in this category are analogous to, but different in character from those based on the syllogism.
	home1.gte.net /simres/k1-desen.htm (930 words)

	Uses and Misuses of Logic.
		Because of this, some non-scientists think that mathematics and logic are used to "prove" scientific propositions, to deduce new laws and theories, and to establish laws and theories with mathematical certainty.
		Logic and mathematics are the cement that holds the scientific structure together, ensures its self-consistency, and helps us prevent errors of false inference.
		Logical deduction, including mathematical logic, is the language with which we frame our theories of physics.
	www.lhup.edu /~dsimanek/logic.htm (5094 words)

	syllabus PHI 225 deductive logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Logic may be broadly defined as the study of methods for determining whether or not a conclusion has been correctly drawn from a set of assumptions and/or premises.
		The techniques developed by modern logicians are important not only for determining which conclusions may correctly be drawn from given assumptions and/or premises, but also for having opened up fruitful lines of research in such fields as philosophy, mathematics, linguistics, and computer science.
		This means that it is necessary to comprehend, cumulatively, all of the material covered from the beginning of the semester up to the time of the quiz in order to master the quizzes.
	www.cefitzgerald.com /printsyllabus2.html (1198 words)

	PHL 101/103: Introduction to Deductive Logic
		You will use the World Wide Web to learn the basic principles of deductive logic, to practice the skills you are learning, and to take quizzes.
		Logic Daemon, two web sites that give you instant feedback as you work practice problems.
		Introduction to modern symbolic logic, involving paraphrasing, truth-functional evaluation of arguments, and the construction of proofs in prepositional and predicate logic.
	www.as.ua.edu /philos/talter/logicsyllabus.htm (1699 words)

	[No title]
		In using this form of logic one must ask what must be true based on the premises.
		Deductive logic is stronger then inductive logic in the sense that it relies on certainty rather than on probability.
		In propositional logic, it is possible to translate one type of statement into another type of statement because there is more then one way to interpret a statement.
	dmc.utep.edu /jferret/humn3302/Logic.ppt (842 words)

	Gender and Competence in Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nor were the students tested at school — these findings are in that sense peripheral — and in several cases groups that took a particular test were skewed in ways that make a comparison by sex of dubious validity.
		With that proviso, the most consistent result from all the investigations mentioned is that there are no or very few differences in deductive logical reasoning ability between the sexes.
		The important point here is that deductive ability is not something that is explicitly taught in school.
	www.uwichill.edu.bb /bnccde/epb/GEN&LOG.html (1994 words)

	Deductive Logic, PHL 131
		Hurley, A Concise Introduction To Logic, 8th edition (7th is OK too).
		To be able to analyze statements and arguments using both categorical logic and propositional logic, and to see the relations among the two in predicate logic.
		LOGIC NOTEBOOK: Students are expected to keep a notebook of all of the exercises that they have done.
	www.csuohio.edu /philosophy/NPole/131_F02.htm (1928 words)

	OTRSS/GO!/Logic2
		Logic systems (and their evil twins, math systems), are the most wonderful fun; almost anyone can devise them, of whatever decorativeness and complexity one desires, and for any end, or none.
		With deductive logic we ask a series of questions, from which we can reach a conclusion.
		NOTE: all the above were found via Google, and none are the same as the DEDUCTIVE LOGIC tale, Another Google search DOES reveal that tale, but it won't display.
	www.sonic.net /~ric/go/logic2.htm (1817 words)

	Non-deductive Logic in Mathematics
		The occurrence of non-deductive logic, or logical probability, in mathematics is an embarrassment.
		We wish to examine the logical situation as the proof developed, noting particularly the confidence – justified as it happened – that the workers in the field had in the answer long before the end was reached.
		But when deductive geometry appeared, it was found that there was also a deductive relation, since the second premise alone entails the conclusion.
	web.maths.unsw.edu.au /~jim/nondeductivelogic.html (7220 words)

	PHIL 213: Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The study of arguments: It makes explicit the rules we follow implicitly when we are reasoning effectively.
		The study of the structure (as opposed to the content) of arguments: It constructs a formal language to reveal levels of logical structure of ordinary language.
		The study of those argument structures whose premises are supposed to provide conclusive reasons for their conclusions: It develops methods for testing validity.
	www.siue.edu /~wlarkin/teaching/PHIL213/intro.html (66 words)

	Syllabus for PHIL231: Introduction to Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Be familiar with many of the logical concepts you will need for completing any non‑logic subject in a philosophy graduate course.
		Logic is not like other parts of philosophy; you cannot passively learn it.
		NB: Many of the terms in the syllabus will probably be rather unfamiliar to you if you haven’t taken a logic course before.
	brian.weatherson.net /231Syllabus.htm (895 words)

	AllRefer.com - symbolic logic (Mathematics) - Encyclopedia
		symbolic logic or mathematical logic, formalized system of deductive logic, employing abstract symbols for the various aspects of natural language.
		Symbolic logic draws on the concepts and techniques of mathematics, notably set theory, and in turn has contributed to the development of the foundations of mathematics.
		Symbolic logic dates from the work of Augustus De Morgan and George Boole in the mid-19th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/symbolic.html (187 words)

	Logic Software from CSLI
		The award-winning text/software packages described here -- Hyperproof, The Language of First-order Logic, Tarski's World and Turing's World -- are all published by the Center for the Study of Language and Information and distributed by Cambridge University Press.
		Language, Proof and Logic is published by CSLI Publications, where individual or examination copies may be ordered.
		They evaluate the sentences in the constructed worlds and if their evaluation is incorrect, the program provides them with a game that leads them to understand where they went wrong.
	www-csli.stanford.edu /hp (1414 words)

	CR: PL/0163 (sec 1) Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Advanced Deductive Logic" is a course designed primarily for philosophy majors, though a few grad students and some math and science concentrators managed to pre-register as well.
		Although there are no stated prerequisites, a couple students mentioned that some familiarity in logic would be helpful.
		Student opinion was unanimous that, if you are serious about learning logic, this is the course to take.
	www.brown.edu /Students/Critical_Review/2002.2003.1/PL0163_1WEA.html (321 words)

	PHIL 231. Introduction to Deductive Logic
		The course covers the basics of propositional and first-order logic.
		We are using a textbook accompanied by a software package (Barwise and Etchemendy, Language, Proof and Logic), which will make it easier to learn the skills necessary for doing formal proofs.
		A used copy will not do, since full use of the accompanying software package is available only to the first person to register any given copy of the book.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /research/graff/phil231 (111 words)

	CR: PL/0163 (sec 001) Deductive Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		“Advanced Deductive Logic” with Professor Weatherson is a rigorous introduction to first-order logic, proofs and metalogic, leading up to Gödel’s incompleteness theorem.
		However, it helps to have a basic familiarity with logic, math or CS.
		Reviewers generally found this an interesting and useful course, and recommended it to anyone interested in logic.
	www.brown.edu /Students/Critical_Review/2003.2004.1/PL0163_1WEA.html (260 words)

	Deductive Logic
		Aims of the Course: This course is designed to be an intermediate-level introduction to deductive logic.
		Elements of Deductive Inference: An Introduction to Symbolic Logic (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000).
		Furthermore, logic is akin to mathematics, for example, in the following respect: becoming proficient in logic requires the development of a certain set of skills.
	www.geocities.com /black_tim/philosophy_3200.htm (851 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)