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| | Pulse |
 | | Hock is still not satisfied with the system he designed. |
 | | Visa was designed to be what Hock calls “chaordic”—a combination of chaos and order, competition and cooperation, centralization and decentralization that he describes as a “complex, self-organizing, nonlinear, self-governing, adaptive system.” That litany of concepts from the new biology sounds like an approach lost in theory. |
 | | Along the way Hock’s self-organizing, nonlinear, adaptive company pioneered such things as the first electronic authorization system, the debit card system, and the electronic funds transfer system, as well as electronic point-of-sale terminals and those magnetic stripes now found on the backs of all cards. |
| www.pulsethebook.com /index.php?tag=dee-hock (1315 words) |
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