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Topic: Deep Ecology

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	Deep ecology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Deep ecology is a recent philosophy or ecosophy based on a shift away from the anthropocentric bias of established environmental and green movements.
		In response, deep ecologists claim that they advocate a new relationship between humanity and the ecosphere, a relationship that seeks to end authoritarianism through decentralizaton, and espouse a less dominating and aggressive posture towards nature; a position that appears to be the opposite of fascism.
		Deep ecologists reject the argument that ecological behavior is rooted in the social paradigm (according to their view, that is an anthropocentric fallacy), and they maintain that the converse of the social ecologists' objection is also true in that it is equally possible for a socially egalitarian society to continue to exploit the Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deep_ecology (1997 words)

	Deep Ecology (company) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Deep Ecology is a company started by Kenneth O'Keefe to pursue his passion to protect the ocean realm.
		Aside from turtle rescues, Deep Ecology conducted one Spotted Eagle Ray rescue and 13 'ghost net' (abandoned or lost fishing nets) recoveries, including two at 200 ft deep.
		Deep Ecology also conducted dozens of beach clean-ups and collected thousands of pounds of nets to construct a massive ghost net sculpture at the back of the store.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deep_Ecology_(company) (156 words)

	Michael E. Zimmerman - Introduction To Deep Ecology
		Michael: Deep ecology is an environmental movement initiated by a Norwegian philosopher, Arnie Naess, in 1972.
		Deep ecology portrays itself as "deep" because it asks deeper questions about the place of human life, who we are.
		Deep ecology is founded on two basic principles: one is a scientific insight into the interrelatedness of all systems of life on Earth, together with the idea that anthropocentrism - human-centeredness - is a misguided way of seeing things.
	www.context.org /ICLIB/IC22/Zimmrman.htm (3194 words)

	Social Ecology versus Deep Eclogy
		Deep ecology is so much of a fl hole of half-digested, ill-formed, and half-baked ideas that one can easily express utterly vicious notions like Foreman's and still sound like a fiery radical who challenges everything that is anti-ecological in the present realm of ideas.
		The very words deep ecology, in fact, clue is into the fact that we are not dealing with a body of clear ideas but with a bottomless pit in which vague notions and moods of all kinds can be such into the depths of an ideological toxic dump.
		Implicit in deep ecology is the notion that a "humanity" exists that accurses the natural world; that individual selfhood must be transformed into a cosmic "Selfhood" that essentially transcends the person and his or her uniqueness.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/socecovdeepeco.html (6522 words)

	WHAT IS DEEP ECOLOGY?
		The central idea of Deep Ecology is that we are part of the earth, rather than apart and separate from it.
		The term 'Deep Ecology' was first introduced by the Norwegian activist and philosopher Arne Naess in the early 1970's, when stressing the need to move beyond superficial responses to the social and ecological problems we face.
		Deep Ecology can also be seen as part of a much wider process of questioning of basic assumptions in our society that is leading to a new way of looking at science, politics, healthcare, education, spirituality and many other areas.
	www.rainforestinfo.org.au /deep-eco/johnston.htm (1311 words)

	Deep Ecology and Ecofeminism
		For deep ecologists in particular, the ecofeminist critique of deep ecology is of interest for at least two reasons in addition to the direct challenge that it presents to deep ecological theorizing.
		Deep ecology is concerned with encouraging an egalitarian attitude on the part of humans not only toward all members of the ecosphere, but even toward all identifiable entities orforms in the ecosphere.
		When we examine the disputes between deep ecology and ecofeminism, it is crucial to separate their critiques of anthropocentric and androcentric environmental frameworks from their positive alternatives, for disapproval of one or several (or even all?) of deep ecology's positive frameworks is not to dismiss that movement's analysis of the domination of nature.
	www.dhushara.com /book/renewal/voices2/deep.htm (14928 words)

	Animal Ethics Clarifier: an encyclopedia of animal ethics - D Entries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deep ecology is concerned with fundamental philosophical, practical and personal questions about the ways humans relate to their environment.
		Deep Ecology is primarily associated with Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess, who coined the term Deep Ecology in 1973 and contrasted it to shallow ecology, another form of environmentalism.
		In practical terms the philosophy of Deep Ecology is supported by some sections of political parties and is used as a philosophical basis for change by environmental activists opposing the human destruction of nature.
	www.wolftrust.org.uk /aec-d-entries.html (3327 words)

	Deep Ecology
		Deep ecology, perhaps by trying to avoid anthropocentrism, puts Nature, or Gaia, before human society, but that is not to deny the value of humans and their culture, and the need to change current behaviour.
		Deep Ecology "starts" from an ultimate philosophical view, but this is then to motivate work and made experiential, immediate and practical by using scientific insights from the ecological and systems view of the world.
		Deep ecology is supported by 30years wealth of experience and techniques for enabling individuals to access their own resources to build a relationship that is meaningful for them, and empowers them to live in a sustainable way.
	www.webnb.btinternet.co.uk /deep.htm (4432 words)

	Resurgence185 WHAT IS DEEP ECOLOGY? Stephan Harding
		His approach to ecology bears the stamp of his life's experience as a philosopher in the truest sense &emdash; as a lover of wisdom, and as a lover of mountains.
		The word ''ecology'' originates from the science of biology, where it is used to refer to the ways in which living things interact with each other and with their surroundings.
		Although deep ecology supporters often have no option but strategically to adopt a reform approach when working with the mainstream, their own deep questioning of society goes on in the background.
	www.resurgence.org /resurgence/185/harding185.htm (2837 words)

	Deep Ecology on the green fuse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deep Ecologists emphasize that human beings are only part of the ecology of this planet, & believe that only by understanding our unity with the whole of nature can we come to achieve full realization of our humanity.
		Deep Ecology believes that all organisms are equal: Human beings have no greater value than any other creature, for we are just ordinary citizens in the biotic community, with no more rights than amoebae or bacteria.
		Deep Ecology is presented in contrast to reformist 'shallow ecology' which retains a utilitarian and anthropocentric attitude to nature.
	www.thegreenfuse.org /deepecology.htm (602 words)

	Deep Ecology by Arne Naess
		, be borne in mind that the norms and tendencies of the Deep Ecology movement are not derived from ecology by logic or induction.
		Ecology is a limited science which makes use of scientific methods.
		Under the name of ecologism, various deviations from the deep movement have been championed-primarily with a one-sided stress on pollution and resource depletion, but also with a neglect of the great differences between under and over-developed countries in favor of a vague global approach.
	www.mogensgallardo.com /deepeco/english/deep_ecology_arne.htm (1819 words)

	Ecology, Deep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deep ecology is the diverse series of perspectives on the environment that urge basic reconsideration and change.
		He noticed that the environmental movement could go in either the direction of shallow ecology which is the use of quick-fix solutions to pollution and resource depletion where the problems are abated and their causes are covered.
		Naess's deep ecology demands a change in the basic ideas underlying civilization so that nature will be respected as valuable in itself and also as part of human activity.
	capita.wustl.edu /ME567_Informatics/concepts/ecodeep.html (151 words)

	Deep Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deep ecology is the foundation of a branch of philosophy known as ecophilosophy, Arne Naess prefers the term ecosophy, that deals with the ethics of Gaia.
		The emergence of deep ecology and its coincidence with the emergence of radical movements of the 1960s, and the way it has given these movements a spiritual/ethical dimension, and added to their radicalisation, is a pointer to the future direction.
		Deep ecology is supported by modern science, and in particular by the new systems approach, but it is rooted in a perception of reality that goes beyond the scientific framework to an intuitive awareness of the oneness of all life, the interdependence of its multiple manifestations and its cycles of change and transformation.
	www.heureka.clara.net /gaia/deep-eco.htm (5332 words)

	ETHICS AND TRAUMA: LEVINAS, FEMINISM, AND DEEP ECOLOGY
		The deep ecology sense of self-realization goes beyond the modern Western sense of "self" as an isolated ego striving for hedonistic gratification.
		To practice deep ecology is to practice the art of such vision.
		Deep ecologists must beware of identifying with all of life while ignoring the compelling differences that are structured by social relations and theorized by conventional anthropocentric perspectives.
	www.crosscurrents.org /feministecology.htm (7668 words)

	Heart of Deep Ecology
		The heart of Deep Ecology is its platform, which consists of a number of inter-related factual and normative claims about humans and their relations with the rest of nature.
		The platform was intended as a description of a Deep Ecology social movement and as a basis for a larger unity among all those who accept the importance of nonanthropocentrism and understand that this entails radical social change.
		It is to the credit of the Deep Ecology movement that it clearly gives priority to human population as a problem and calls for a gradual decrease.' This does not imply misanthropy or cruelty to presently existing humans.
	www.dhushara.com /book/renewal/voices2/dpecol.htm (4773 words)

	Foundation for Deep Ecology >> The Deep Ecology Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One he called the "long-range deep ecology movement" and the other, the "shallow ecology movement." The word "deep" in part referred to the level of questioning of our purposes and values when arguing in environmental conflicts.
		The distinguishing and original characteristics of the deep ecology movement were its recognition of the inherent value of all living beings and the use of this view in shaping environmental policies.
		"Supporters of the deep ecology movement" (rather than being referred to as "deep ecologists") are united by a long-range vision of what is necessary to protect the integrity of the Earth's ecological communities and ecocentric values.
	www.deepecology.org /deepmovement.html (906 words)

	S/R 32: Deep Ecology Perspectives (David Orton)
		Deep ecology is part of the larger green movement, the first social movement in history to advocate a lower material standard of living, from the perspective of industrial consumerism.
		Deep Ecology is by its nature difficult to pin down and conceptualize and this seems to have been deliberately built into the philosophy.
		There are three key ideas from deep ecology which need to be highlighted: (1) non-human centeredness; (2) the necessity for a new spiritual relationship to Nature; and (3) opposition to the idea of “private property” in Nature.
	www.greens.org /s-r/32/32-12.html (1805 words)

	Deep Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deep ecology as a fountain of revolutionary thought subjects the core of our social existence and our thinking to piercing scrutiny.
		Deep ecology recognizes that nothing short of a total revolution in consciousness will be of lasting use in preserving the life-support systems of our planet.
		Within the framework of deep ecology, and contrary to key assumptions of Judaeo-Christian/ Marxist/ humanist tradition, humans are not to be viewed as the ultimate measure of value or as the crown of creation.
	www.rowecenter.org /deep.htm (271 words)

	Deep Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deep Ecology (DE) is a conceptual approach or general orientation in our thinking first given this name in the early seventies by the Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess.
		Shallow ecology, a term also coined by Naess, means that the major ecological problems can be resolved within and with the continuation of industrial society.
		Therefore it is important for deep ecology supporters to live simply and demonstrate in their lives, the difference between life quality and high consumerism.
	www.ic.org /pnp/deepecology.php (459 words)

	deep-sea ecology
		The deep ocean extends from the edge of the continental shelf to the depths of the deepest trenches, covering approximately two-thirds of the earth's surface.
		Nearly all ecological studies in the deep sea have been plagued by the inability to measure processes on sufficiently long time scales to differentiate spatial and temporal variability from long term trends.
		Episodic inputs of food to the deep sea have been observed including rapidly sinking phytodetritus that originates from phytoplankton blooms in the overlying surface waters and settles downward, blanketing large areas of the sea floor (Billett et al., 1983; Lampitt, 1985; Smith et al., 1994; C. Smith et al., 1996; Beaulieu and Smith, 1998).
	www.neptune.washington.edu /science_wrkgp/127_deep_sea_final.html (3507 words)

	Church of Deep Ecology - Home Page
		Deep Ecology is the radical idea that all life has the right to exist, that no one species is more important than another.
		The Church of Deep Ecology is registered with the Minnesota Office of the Secretary of State.
		Join the Church of Deep Ecology Yahoo Group to discuss Deep Ecology, Human's place in nature, living as if you were part of nature, etc...
	www.churchofdeepecology.org (767 words)

	Deep Ecology
		Ecology is the study of the interdependence of the animals, plants, weather and geology of the Earth--how they all affect each other and form integrated systems.
		Ecology is a science that combines biology, botany, meteorology, geology and other disciplines to develop a complete and interrelated understanding of the Earth.
		With shallow ecology, people start from an assumption, often unexamined, that human beings are the central species in the Earth's ecosystem, and that other beings and parts of systems are of less importance or value.
	www.greatriv.org /de.htm (874 words)

	Deep Ecology
		Deep ecology encourages respect for the environment, not because humans depend on nature, but because nature and its inhabitants have inherent value.
		Deep ecologists maintain that this is arrogant and, ultimately, self-destructive.
		Deep ecology, then, like biospirituality, is essentially a spiritual movement promoting respect and nonviolence.
	vegsource.com /biospirituality/ecology.html (113 words)

	Revolutionary Ecology
		The problem is that, in the early stages of this debate, deep ecology was falsely associated with such right wing notions as sealing the borders, applauding AIDS as a population control mechanism, and encouraging Ethiopians to starve.
		Deep ecology, or biocentrism, is the belief that nature does not exist to serve humans.
		And so, to embrace biocentrism or deep ecology, is to challenge the masculine system of knowledge that underlies the destruction of the earth, and that underlies the justification for the way our society is structured.
	www.judibari.org /revolutionary-ecology.html (4288 words)

	Deep Ecology by Roger J. Wendell
		"Deep Ecology" is a term that was introduced in 1973 by Norwegian philosopher and mountaineer Arne Naess.
		Deep Ecology supports our continuing inquiry into the appropriate human roles on our planet and an analysis of unsustainable practices.
		Deep ecology says that all living beings and life-giving systems are equal and have an instrinsic value, beyond what value humans may ascribe.
	www.rogerwendell.com /deepecology.html (1282 words)

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