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Topic: Deep Sea Drilling Program

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	DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		U.S. program designed to investigate the evolution of ocean basins by core drilling of ocean sediments and underlying oceanic crust.
		Begun in 1964, a test drilling program was completed successfully in 1965; by 1968, the Glomar Challenger, displacing 10,500 tons and capable of drilling 2,500 ft (760 m) of sediment in 20,000 ft (6,100 m) of water, was leased to JOIDES.
		The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), begun in 1984 and supported by a U.S.-led international consortium of 21 nations, is the successor of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/de/DeepSeaD.html (239 words)

	Geology - MSN Encarta
		Drilling platforms and drilling ships allow earth scientists to make more-detailed studies of the history of the oceans and the ocean floor.
		For example, in 1984 an international team of geoscientists from 20 nations formed the Ocean Drilling Program, an outgrowth of the earlier Deep Sea Drilling Program.
		This program is designed to set up drilling through the top sedimentary layer and the ocean crust in deep-sea sites around the world.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555455_4/Geology.html (684 words)

	The Scientist : U.S. Disinvites Soviets From Ocean Research
		The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is supported by the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Canada, Japan and the European Science Foundation, a consortium of 12 smaller countries.
		The ODP is an outgrowth of the Deep Sea Drilling Program operated for 15 years by the Scripps Institute of Oceanography.
		DSDP scientists, using the Glomar Challenger, confirmed the theory that the Earth's crust is composed of huge, mobile tectonic plates.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/7562 (781 words)

	texteust
		Sea level represents ultimate base level, so the implications for eustatic adjustments in terms of rivers and coastal processes are global in scope.
		First, global sea level is a response to isostatic loads placed on the lithosphere by the overlying ice sheets, which can depress the surface enough to induce localized flooding in coastal areas.
		Sea level is continuing to rise at the present time, and has risen 12 to 30 centimeters since the turn of the century due to a recession of glaciers worldwide.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~geol445/hyperglac/sealevel2/texteust.htm (1368 words)

	maritimes: Summer 1997 Text Only
		DSDP was expanding from a program run by a few institutions to one with broad support from the oceanographic and geoscience communities.
		They were very influential in convincing the drilling program to develop technology for drilling in young crustal areas with little sediment cover to support the drill string and for the development of a suite of tools for studying the hydrothermal fluids circulating in these rocks.
		The cruise was enormously successful and drilled the first complete sequence of sediments that showed the fallout from the collision debris itself and a "Strangelove Ocean" devoid of almost all microscopic life because of the sulfuric acid generated from the volcanic gas interaction with the atmosphere.
	www.gso.uri.edu /maritimes/Text_Only/97Summer/text/textonly_su97.html (10009 words)

	Deep Sea Drilling Shows Global Warming More Common Than Thought
		The expedition aboard the scientific drill ship "JOIDES Resolution," which ended in late October, also revealed that vast areas of the Pacific Ocean were low in oxygen for periods of up to a million years each, said Dr. Timothy Bralower.
		The Ocean Drilling Program is an international partnership of scientists and research institutions organized to study the evolution and structure of the Earth.
		Photos showing life aboard the drill ship during the expedition are available on the web at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/p ublic/life/leg198.html.
	www.rense.com /general17/deepseadrilling.htm (550 words)

	Geotimes: August01: ODP
		The winding down of the program was scheduled many years ago, when scientists realized that ocean drilling would continue to evolve and a new program would be needed to continue advancing deep ocean research.
		Drilling in the Atlantic Ocean offshore Florida revealed cores with sedimentary layers that provide support for the long-standing theory that a large extraterrestrial object slammed into Earth and caused the extinctions.
		With the riser drill ship, scientists will be able to drill into areas where safety concerns had precluded drilling, such as continental margins that contain oil and gas deposits, and in regions with thick sediment sections, fault zones and unstable formations.
	www.geotimes.org /aug01/feature_odp.html (1817 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		Coarse sand and a volcanic layer that appears explosive in origin are puzzling discoveries of a deep-sea drilling program conducted northeast of Oahu for University of Hawaii scientists.
		Deep ocean sands usually are found only close to an island or coastline, and these are more than 186 miles from Oahu, Garcia said, explaining it would take a big event to transport them so far.
		She said the sediment was expected to be about 330 feet deep, based on seismic data, but the drill hit rock at about 42 feet.
	starbulletin.com /2002/03/11/news/story1.html (830 words)

	[No title]
		Broad shelf seas in areas in which evaporation was greater than precipitation could have been sites of formation of dense, salty water at the surface which would have sunk to become deep to bottom water and so facilitated life on or near the bottom in areas that had previously been anoxic.
		Shelf seas were relatively limited in extent during the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, though Haekel (1977) suggested that certain Pennsylvanian fl shales in the mid-continent of North American could have formed under anoxic shelf sea waters that were transgressive.
		The stratigraphic record of deep shelf and slope deposits formed during equable climatic conditions in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic is consistent with such a pattern of development of anoxic sediments.
	www.marscigrp.org /pv82.html (5944 words)

	witts.org,Environmental Information,ENVIS CENTRE
		The program has been extremely successful, and since it was first started, drilling has taken place in more than a thousand places over the globe, generating a wealth of valuable data.
		JOIDES began by drilling holes across the Blake Plateau, at depths of 25 to 1000 m off Florida to study the history of techtonic subsidence of the continental margin which was known to be a shallow reef area during the late cretaceous period 70 million years ago.
		Direct radiometric dating of volcanic ash beds in the sediment and of drilled ocean crust using laser technology, that can yield 0.1 million years resolution, plus radiometric dating of biostratigraphically constrained ash beds and igneous rocks on the land, has improved resolution by an order of magnitude since the Ocean Drilling Program began.
	www.witts.org /oceanwealth_12_dec04/infocus.htm (665 words)

	NGDC/WDC MGG, Boulder-Core Data from the Deep Sea Drilling Project CD-ROM
		NOAA > NESDIS > NGDC > marine geology and geophysics > geology > DSDP
		These Web pages are from the "Core Data from the Deep Sea Drilling Project Legs 1-96" CD-ROM produced in 2000 by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, and collocated World Data Center for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Boulder.
		Data were compiled in cooperation with the U.S. Science Support Program, the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., and the U.S. National Science Foundation.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/geology/dsdp/start.htm (178 words)

	Science News for Kids: Feature: Deep Drilling at Sea
		The first ocean drilling program in 1968 gave scientists evidence that Earth's crust was divided into huge plates.
		Getting the drill pipe into such a hole is like standing on top of the Empire State Building and trying to get a straw into a Coke bottle on the ground, says staff scientist Adam Klaus of Texas A&M University in College Station.
		In the holes left by the drill pipes, researchers stash sensors that detect and record temperature, pressure, and water seepage in the rock surrounding the hole.
	www.sciencenewsforkids.org /articles/20040908/Feature1.asp (1366 words)

	Deep Sea Drilling Project — FactMonster.com
		Deep Sea Drilling Project, U.S. program designed to investigate the evolution of ocean basins by core drilling of ocean sediments and underlying oceanic crust.
		displacing 10,500 tons and capable of drilling 2,500 ft (760 m) of sediment in 20,000 ft (6,100 m) of water, was leased to JOIDES.
		Project Mohole - Mohole, Project, program proposed in 1957 to drill a hole down to the boundary between the crust...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0814954.html (307 words)

	Hovedlaboratoriet: New sediment classification scheme for the Ocean Drilling Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		That JOIDES classification scheme was put into service on DSDP Leg 38, and was also used by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) through 1987; it is fully described in the various Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Program (see, for example, Ross et al., 1978).
		The DSDP concentrated its early drilling effort in deep marine sedimentary environments for various scientific and technical reasons, and thus the JOIDES sediment classification scheme evolved with strong emphasis upon the proper classification of fine-grained calcareous and siliceous ("pelagic") sediments.
		The purpose of this paper is to describe a more comprehensive sediment classification scheme for the Ocean Drilling Program which places equal emphasis upon pelagic, neritic, clastic, and mixed sediments, and thereby responds to the growing need for the precise description of sediments from continental-margin and marginal-sea environments.
	hjs.geol.uib.no /hovedlab/appendix1.html (3269 words)

	WHOI : Deep Ocean Exploration Institute : A Sea Change in Ocean Drilling
		The decision to drill Mohole from a barge—to take advantage of the fact that the oceanic crust is much thinner than the continental crust—laid the foundation for modern-day scientific ocean drilling.
		Earlier drilling showed that large parts of the crust were formed by anomalous volcanic events separate from plate tectonics.
		Although geophysics was the prime motivation for the first ocean drilling cruises, scientists in other disciplines soon capitalized on the data obtained from the cores.
	www.whoi.edu /institutes/doei/viewArticle.do?id=2504 (2001 words)

	David Falvey
		The Ocean Drilling Program is built on and sustained by international cooperation, and provides a ready opportunity for establishing a partnership between Korea and the United States, along with its other ODP partners.
		The Program is also looking at the processes that form petroleum and mineral resources of the deep sea; not in the direct, or "exploration" sense, but by looking at the fundamental processes that occur in the ocean basins that lead to petroleum and mineral accumulations.
		By drilling through the mounds a technological achievement in itself due to the harsh physical regime ODP scientists have been able to map the structure of what has turned out to be a base metal ore deposit in the process of formation.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/t-ksc/pubs/falvey.htm (2488 words)

	Edward M Stolper -- Deep drilling into a Hawaiian volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Continuous core drilling through a lava sequence on the flank of an oceanic volcano is probably the only way to obtain such a stratigraphic sequence.
		After penetrating a short (~0.2 km) sequence of subaerial Mauna Loa lavas, the drill core encountered ~3.1 km of material from the flank of Mauna Kea (~0.8 km of subaerial lavas; ~2.3 km of hyaloclastites and pillow lavas; minor intrusives are also present).
		Another aspect of our research related to the drilling project is an effort to model the growth and subsidence of Hawaiian volcanoes as the move over the underlying mantle plume.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /faculty/stolper/deep_drilling.html (1237 words)

	OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Its mission is to explore the deep sea bed for clues as to how the earth works.
		Tim Francis is deputy director of the Ocean Drilling Program.
		The Ocean Drilling Program has found a few rare places on the bottoms of the ocean where these rocks are actually exposed on the ocean floor.
	www.pulseplanet.com /archive/Feb96/1190.html (338 words)

	Oceanic Hydrates an elusive resource
		The Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP), which was extended in 1985 as the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), stimulated an interest in hydrates.
		Also, the JNOC program will drill this fall a borehole in 950 m of water in the Nankai Trough, which was already investigated by Leg 87 with the BSR and no sign of hydrates.
		It is important to recognize that the methane in hydrates is held in the molecular structure as a solid as soon it is generated in the zone of hydrate stability.
	dieoff.com /page192.htm (6399 words)

	Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Riedel wrote the summary of coring operations on that expedition, and he was a co-author with Tjeerd H. Van Andel of the proposal to the National Science Foundation for the establishment of Mohole’s successor, the Deep Sea Drilling Program.
		The movement of fossil radiolarians away from the East Pacific Rise documented by Riedel was cited as one of the proofs of sea floor spreading during the Continental Drift controversy of the 1960’s.
		Riedel’s work on stratigraphy and on the analysis of sediment cores was especially important to the Deep Sea Drilling Program, and he invested a significant amount of time on the JOIDES Planning Committee which oversaw DSDP.
	scilib.ucsd.edu /sio/archives/siohstry/riedel-biog.html (979 words)

	Phsc 5 Oceanography Outline 1
		Some examples of marine ecosystems include tidal zones, reefs, estuaries, tidal flats, bottom habitats from the shallow sea floor to the deepest sea trench, and habitats in the water column whether they are shallow or deep, coastal or in the open ocean.
		Sea floor water temperatures near the ridges are hot, near the boiling point while sea floor water temperatures away from the ridges are much cooler, near freezing.
		Sea floor spreading and asthenospheric convectioning is the main mechanism for driving plate motions.
	web1.shastacollege.edu /geoscience/online/phsc5/phsc5_outline1.html (2624 words)

	IODP-USIO: Newsroom: IODP in the News
		Scientists on drill ships are studying colossal slabs of volcanic lava under the sea that shaped its climate, helped determine its life forms and record Earth's violent past.
		Scientist said this week they had drilled into the lower section of Earth's crust for the first time and were poised to break through to the mantle in coming years.
		The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) seeks the elusive "Moho," a boundary formally known as the Mohorovicic discontinuity.
	www.oceandrilling.org /Newsroom/in_the_news2005.html (749 words)

	Association for Asia Research- Japanese-U.S. deep sea drilling project
		Japanese Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Atsuko Toyama and the U.S. National Science Foundation Director Rita Colwell are ready to coordinate a deep-sea drilling project called the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program.
		The Chikyu will be capable of drilling 7 kilometers into the seabed in 4 kilometer-deep waters and collect the first-ever samples from the Earth’s mantle layer.
		The project is to explore the mechanism behind large earthquakes, climate change, and microorganisms living in the Earth’s crust.
	www.asianresearch.org /articles/1303.html (128 words)

	ifree4-research_e
		Based on the results from marine sediment cores collected mainly by the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), we have realized that the climatic changes during the last 200 million years is a convolution of many climatic variables caused by various mechanisms and periodicity.
		We are investigating sediment cores recovered from high-latitudinal regions including the Okhotsk Sea and Ross Sea, Antarctica, areas potentially sensitive to climatic change in order to understand the role of high latitude oceans in future global changes.
		Sea-ice expansion in the Sea of Okhotsk, representing by increase of ice-rafted debris (IRD), has occurred at the timing of millennium scale colder periods (stadials) obtained by Greenland ice cores.
	www.jamstec.go.jp /jamstec-e/IFREE/ifree4/research.html (1031 words)

	Deep-Sea Drilling Project \| Scholastic.com
		The Deep-Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) was a scientific program for drilling cores of sediment and basaltic crust beneath the deep oceans and recovering them for study.
		The DSDP, which was succeeded in 1984 by the Ocean Drilling Program, was itself a successor to the unsuccessful Mohole Project in which scientists attempted to drill an extremely deep hole reaching to the Earth's mantle.
		Cores taken by the DSDP from the Pacific and Indian Oceans have been stored at the Scripps Institution; those from the Atlantic Ocean have been housed in the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University.
	content.scholastic.com /browse/article.jsp?id=5060 (253 words)

	University of Maine at PRESQUE ISLE
		Their presentation, titled "Silicoflagellates recovered from the deep sea, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 199, Site 1219, East Equatorial Pacific," developed from Dr. McCartney's sabbatical research last year.
		The purpose of this drilling was to recover sediments in order to determine ocean circulation and productivity in equatorial waters during the past 50 million years.
		Exceptional students can not only learn a great deal from such an exercise, but the Scientific Results of the Ocean Drilling Program offers opportunities for students to submit their work for review and thus make personal contributions to science.
	www.umpi.maine.edu /flash/news/4-18-03M.html (372 words)

	nsf.gov - News - Global Warming Can Trigger Extreme Ocean, Climate Changes - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
		The unique data set they constructed, based on the chemical makeup of tiny ancient sea creatures, uncovered for the first time evidence of a monumental reversal in the circulation of deep-ocean patterns around the world.
		The researchers believe this shift drove unusually warm water to the deep sea, likely releasing stores of methane gas that led to further global warming and a massive die-off of deep-sea marine life.
		Modern carbon dioxide input from fossil fuel sources to the earth's surface is approaching the same levels estimated for the PETM period, which raises concerns about future climate and changes in ocean circulation, say the scientists.
	www.nsf.gov /news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=105692 (994 words)

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