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	Deep Time
		Geologic history is often referred to as "deep time," and it's a concept perhaps as difficult to conceive as "deep space".
		Time in geological terms has been described in two different ways: relative time and absolute time.
		These strata allows geologists to determine relative time (that is, sequence of deposition of each layer, and thus the relative age of the fossils in each layer).
	sci.waikato.ac.nz /evolution/DeepTime.shtml (622 words)

	Deep time - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Deep time is the concept of geologic time first recognized by James Hutton in the late 1700s that Earth is very old.
		The comprehension of geologic history and the history of life requires an understanding of deep time which is not easily grasped without deep thought and study.
		Deep time contrasts with creationism and other primitive creation mythologies which view Earth history as occupying only a few thousands of years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deep_time (216 words)

	In Search of Deep Time
		Time in this sense is not an independent entity on which events rest, like a conveyor belt in a supermarket checkout, transporting tins of cat food and jars of Marmite yeast extract from the past to the future.
		Deep Time is fragmented, something qualitatively different from the richly interwoven tapestry of time afforded by our everyday experience, what I call 'everyday time' or 'ordinary time'.
		Deep Time is the key to the origin of species, because intervals of time of geological extent were required for Darwin's mechanism — natural selection — to do its work and change one species into another.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/g/gee-time.html (12207 words)

	SPACE.com -- Deep Impact Special Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Deep impact confirms that comets aren't mostly ice, as was once thought.
		Deep Impact scientists and engineers are lauding their mission’s successful collision with Comet Tempel 1 and are already drawing some conclusions about the icy wanderer.
		NASA and university astronomers are eagerly awaiting the launch of a space probe bound to collide with a comet and hopefully give researchers their first glimpse inside the icy wanderers that roam the solar system.
	www.space.com /deepimpact (1090 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Deep Time
		In this lesson, students learn about deep time by visiting an interactive Web timeline, comparing geologic time periods to the familiar calendar year, and setting up a live-action student timeline in the classroom.
		Now ask students to think of the geologic time scale in terms of a calendar year, that is, 4.6 billion years of Earth's history as equivalent to twelve months.
		Finally, starting with the month of January, have each student shout out his or her time period along with one thing that the time period is known for -- to create a live-action student timeline.
	www.teachersdomain.org /9-12/sci/life/evo/lp_deeptime/index.html (796 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Deep Time
		Comprehending immense timescales is not simple for us humans who spend, by comparison, an instant of time on the Earth.
		The earth has been significantly altered during this time by climate swings, volcanism, drifting continents, and other "earth shattering" events.
		The geologic time scale we use to study the history of the earth and of it life forms is commonly referred to as "deep time," and it's a concept perhaps as difficult to conceive as deep space.
	www.teachersdomain.org /resources/tdc02/sci/life/evo/deeptime/index.html (526 words)

	Book Review: Deep Time
		In the Introduction Benford both sets the stage of deep time and illustrates how difficult the problem of communicating through it is. Consider the simple act of making a time capsule (or as they were known initially "time bomb" :).
		Benford cites a number of examples of time capsules prepared, buried, and then quickly forgotten---and then there are those capsules whose contents are stolen even before they are buried.
		He is forceful and persuasive in arguing, however, that now is the time to begin conducting experiments that may allow us to slow or mitigate the effects of global climate change.
	patriot.net /~jlazio/essays/review6.html (1577 words)

	DEEP TIME, Part I, by Gregory Benford
		time-we can look out to several more billion years, culminating in the recent scrutiny of the early universe radiation, we have seen structure as it was about fifteen billion years ago, only perhaps a few million years after the universe began.
		Considering vast stretches of time tends to bring on lofty sentiments, but the present is mostly ruled by economic tradeoffs.
		Deep time is as much the province of the poet as the scientist.
	www.physics.uci.edu /~silverma/benford.html (16655 words)

	Understanding Deep Time
		Geologists have no problem with the concept of Deep Time, but it is clearly a concept that is not widespread at a very high level of consciousness in the general public.
		While 70,000 years sounds like a long time to most of us, it is only a fraction of the millions to billions of years that can be estimated from analysis of minerals found in most granites or similar rocks.
		When discussing deep time with adult audiences, you might bring in this beautiful quote: “In the presence of eternity, the mountains are as transient as the clouds” attributed to Ralph Ingersoll, well known public speaker of the 1930’s.
	bcn.boulder.co.us /basin/local/sustain2.htm (1781 words)

	CNN - Review: 'Deep Time' - March 25, 1999
		"Deep Time" examines how humans communicate ideas, not to their contemporaries, but to their distant descendants.
		Benford discusses the options available to the nuclear waste project as an introduction to the concept of deep time.
		The most disquieting notion is one that is implied: all human endeavors could vanish without a trace unless we seriously consider ways to ensure that there are future generations of humanity, and find methods of passing along to them what we have learned.
	www.cnn.com /books/reviews/9903/25/deep.time (694 words)

	Lesson: evolution mini-lesson: Deep Time
		At the same time, it should reveal an example of pseudoscience which should be part of any effort to improve science literacy and critical thinking.
		Run off copies of the Deep Time narrative handout packet (6 pages; could be printed back-to-back and stapled), at least enough for all individuals in your largest class to use (times your total number of classes doing the lesson, if they will be taking it home).
		Prepare overhead transparencies of the 2 pages of Deep Time enlarged figures, and the Sequenced Radioisotopes sheet, to be used during class discussion.
	www.indiana.edu /~ensiweb/lessons/deep.les.html (2090 words)

	Deep Time
		The numerical geologic time scale is in a constant state of flux as geochronologists (geologists who date rocks) find (or bracket) more precise ages for the fossiliferous rocks used to construct the original geologic column.
		As geoscience educators, we will encounter students with beliefs that he or she feels contradict or are incompatable with the concepts of deep time and the evolution of the Earth.
		Concepts of deep time challenge the belief that the Earth was created in 7 days by a Higher Being.
	serc.carleton.edu /quantskills/methods/quantlit/DeepTime.html (2277 words)

	[No title]
		Trying to comprehend the vast amount of time that had passed since those nautiloids swam in their ancient ocean made me giddy.
		For me, they carry messages from deep time: Astronomy is not only over our heads but under our feet as well.
		Close inspection revealed markings indicating the various times during the tidal cycle when silts would have been deposited - such as in an ebb tide when the waters moved back from the shore.
	www.muq.org /~cynbe/facts/monthgrowth.html (1385 words)

	Amazon.com: In Search of Deep Time: Beyond the Fossil Record to a New History of Life: Books: Henry Gee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Deep Time, according to John McPhee, who coined the term, refers to the millions of years in the geologic record, as opposed to our everyday sense of time in which centuries and millennia seem endless.
		In this eloquent treatise, Gee, a senior science writer for Nature, asserts that the dramatically different scales on which deep and ordinary time are measured have significant implications for evolutionary biology and paleontology.
		The title of "Deep Time" refers to the immense gulfs of time that separate the major events in evolution.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0801487137?v=glance (2922 words)

	Deep Time Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The ages of major lineages of green plants, including the age of land plants, vascular plants, seed plants, angiosperms, and various groups within the angiosperms (e.g., eudicots), have been debated extensively.
		Earliest records for clades are taken from the earliest appearance of the oldest family included in each clade, from Collinson et al.
		Time scale is based on Harland et al.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /deeptime/datingdivergences.html (1352 words)

	Sunset: Finding deep time beneath the Sangre de Cristos: start your new year right at a New Mexico spa—or at one ...
		For perhaps the fourth time in a day, I said to my mother, "Look up now!" With its constantly changing colors and moods, the sky was an artist's tableau, with clouds and air as the media.
		Time is the most valuable commodity these days, and meaningful time is all the more so.
		What I loved about Vista Clara was the way it programmed both my mother and me to succumb to a slower, more deliberate rhythm--a rhythm that suffused everything from the morning yoga classes to the leisurely (and beautifully presented) meals to the conversations we had first thing in the morning and last thing before bed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1216/is_1_210/ai_95791590 (1487 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Deep Time: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		But I submit that there is another aspect of deep time that is equally as important as our legacy to the future.
		This trend will continue, of course; over deep time, it will push the habitable zone (the inner border of which is very much closer to Earth today than it is to Venus) sufficiently far as to put the Earth in very bad shape indeed.
		So the next time you are walking on the beach, marvelling at just "the way things are", spare some time for a new thought.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0380975378 (734 words)

	Free Web Analytics and Website Statistics - Deep Log Analyzer Software
		With Deep Log Analyzer you can create your own custom reports or tailor standard reports to meet your specific needs.
		Also Deep Log Analyzer stores website statistics data in the standard MS Access database for easy access from other applications.
		Deep Log Analyzer uses industry standard MS Access mdb database format for storing information extracted from log files.
	www.deep-software.com (951 words)

	Exploring Deep Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		From time to time, small groups of Salish gathered together into larger groups at places where food was abundant, such as the camas fields that made spring meadows look like blue lakes.
		Salish oral traditions say they have been in western Montana since time immemorial and this is true, in the sense that we have no memory of a time when they were not here.
		Scientists estimate that one of the times the ice-free corridor opened was near the end of the Ice Age about 14,000 years ago when the ice was melting.
	www.edheritage.org /HE_04spr/deep_time.html (5661 words)

	Evolution: Change: Deep Time
		Marine mammals like seals and whales flourish as deep, nutrient-rich waters are stirred up in the process.
		Because marine plants do not preserve well over time, scientists can date kelp only to the Miocene, when animals it supports are known to appear, but it may exist in earlier periods.
		Antarctica's deep freeze, the spread of grasslands, and perhaps even the effects of mountain building probably contribute to the extinction of several browsing mammal species.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/change/deeptime/miocene.html (943 words)

	Deep Purple - Rapture Of The Deep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The first time I heard Deep Purple — or perhaps felt Deep Purple is a better way to describe the experience — it was the mid-70s.
		I was 8, and Ritchie Blackmore’s sinewy, sinister riffing on the “Made In Japan” version of “Child In Time,” coupled with Ian Gillan’s dramatic, gorgeous howling, Jon Lord’s ominous neo-classical Hammond organ, and the dynamic interplay of the Roger Glover-Ian Paice rhythm section, tore the top of my head off.
		It’s as if all the pieces fit, not for the first time, of course, but in a manner that reveals a more pure portrait of just what this band is capable of.
	www.deep-purple.com /band (966 words)

	UCR News: "Deep Time,” Subject of Deep Discussion At UC Riverside’s Library Lecture Series
		Benford’s nonfiction work “Deep Time,” deals with building messages that can be understood scores of thousands of years from now.
		Deep time refers to the hundred-million-year stretches of geologic time.
		The other two projects do not involve communicating specific messages but deal with issues that have “deep time” implications, such as the Library of Life and Stewards of the Earth projects.
	www.newsroom.ucr.edu /cgi-bin/display.cgi?id=581 (685 words)

	NAI News Article: The Measure of Deep Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To a non-specialist, such time divisions are unfamiliar, often making it difficult to understand a technical article or lecture on the ancient Earth and its biological history.
		This period is of great interest to astrobiologists, since it encompasses several critical evolutionary developments, including multicellularity, as well as key geological events such as the rise of an oxygen atmosphere and the glacial periods called “Snowball Earth”.
		The starting time is variously estimated at between 610 and 635 million years ago.
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_print.cfm?ID=291 (794 words)

	Atolladero
		The answer is that standard signs are too specific to culture to satisfy the US congress, which insists that the warnings remain comprehensible "so long as lawyers shall walk the earth".
		Working from the fact that sharks (close relatives of lawyers) have remained almost the same for many millions of years, but also noting that the congress is replaced over a time scale of years, a compromise period of ten thousand years was selected.
		The idea is that some day it will be found, to provide a curiosity piece with which the tentacled monsters of future times can bore their hatchlings.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Troy/5799/benford.htm (1796 words)

	Deep Time: Chapter 1
		And now these older tales are joined by fresh myths born not of faith, not of archaic wisdom unchallenged, but of science, yet no less strange for all that.
		Perhaps "before" the laws of physics came the laws of logic, so that the physical laws chosen were the only ones, in combination, that proved logically consistent.
		It is a voyage into Deep Time, a voyage that begins with genesis and ends in the very remote future of a universe that, quite astonishingly, contrives to become aware of itself.
	www.daviddarling.info /works/DeepTime/DeepTime_ch1.html (956 words)

	IBM Research \| Deep Blue \| Overview
		In May 1997, IBM's Deep Blue Supercomputer played a fascinating match with the reigning World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov.
		The event was captured live only on this Web site, where millions of chess and computing fans tuned in to witness the event in real-time.
		Current information about IBM deep computing can be found at the IBM Research home page.
	www.research.ibm.com /deepblue (119 words)

	Deep Trouble: Time travelers
		It was diked off and allowed to dump right into the deep waters of the Gulf." Bahr believes the lack of marshes and swamps is also hurting the fishing industry.
		"At that time we were fishing once or twice a week, and all of a sudden there was a major change in the systems from catching fish that were nice-sized to no fish at all or undersized ones," Westra said.
		The friction between fishing as a business and fishing as a sport carries over to the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, a group of oft-criticized political appointees who are supposed to police fishing in the Gulf.
	web.naplesnews.com /03/09/naples/e1574a.htm (4041 words)

	The HHG Project - Deep Thought
		In time, Deep Thought imparted the answer to descendants of the original programmers, Loonquawl and Phouchg.
		Baffled by this outcome, the programmers were informed that the question was too vague and that not even Deep Thought could extrapolate it.
		Deep Thought would, however, design the computer that could, and that computer was so vast that organic life became part of it's matrix.
	hhgproject.org /entries/deepthought.html (216 words)

	Evolution: Change: Deep Time
		The stretch of geologic history is commonly referred to as "deep time," and it's a concept perhaps as difficult to conceive as deep space.
		Background extinctions, which are ongoing at all times through the history of life, eliminate one family every million years or so.
		The more destructive and relatively sudden kind of extinction, the mass extinction event, is caused by environmental influences and has a global impact on diversity.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/change/deeptime/low_bandwidth.html (570 words)

	Edge: AN ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DANCE THROUGH DEEP TIME
		This was a time lacking in polar caps, tropical rain forests, and grasslands.
		During times of expansion, or transgression, the animals living on the western North American landmass were sandwiched between the seaway to east and a rising mountain chain, the Cordilleran thrust belt, to the west.
		When all of the continents were united as Pangaea, and even during the initial phases of fragmentation, virtually every terrestrial ecosystem for which we have good data indicates the presence of multiple, perhaps two to four, kinds of large carnivorous dinosaurs, in the range of 750-2000 kg.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/sampson04/sampson04_index.html (5270 words)

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