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Topic: Defamiliarization

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	Defamiliarization and Renewing the Art of Perception in Thomas Carlyle, D.H. Lawrence, and Annie Dillard
		By analyzing and defamiliarizing her various observations of nature, Dillard is thus able to begin to piece together these implications for both herself and the reader.
		Defamiliarization by means of such image simplification enables Lawrence to reconstruct an image of humanity as seen through the eyes of an artist, emphasizing individuality as a key element in examining the present.
		Dillard's defamiliarization works to bridge our understanding of life with her observations of nature by equating the seemingly disgusting act of what she calls "a little blood here, a chomp there" (227), in the world of parasites to the ordinary responsibility of paying rent.
	www.victorianweb.org /courses/nonfiction/dillard/porter14.html (4464 words)

	ScribeMedia.Org » Modus R - Russia Invades Miami Art Basel
		Defamiliarization - which Shklovsky called the main device of art in his fundamental piece of writing Art as Device (1917) - is a slowed down, complicated perception, aimed at bypassing and the process of vision itself, rather than the recognition of the object.
		Defamiliarization overturns the relationship between the subject and object, concentrating not on the result, but on the process.
		While defamiliarization is the deliberate complication of perception, another key concept of Formalism - aphasia - is linked to the disruption of understanding.
	www.scribemedia.org /2007/04/28/modus-r (2818 words)

	Semiotics for Beginners: Criticisms
		Victor Shklovsky argued in 1916 that the key function of art was estrangement, defamiliarization or 'making strange' (ostranenie) - i.e.
		However, as Simon Watney notes, the strategy of defamiliarization is itself, of course, ideological and has been associated with the notion that the tactic of surprise may serve to banish 'distortions' so that we may 'objectively' perceive 'reality' (Watney 1982, 173-4).
		Clearly the strategy of 'making the familiar strange' needs to be coupled with an awareness that whilst we may be able to bypass one set of conventions we may never escape the framing of experience by convention.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/S4B/sem11.html (2852 words)

	Minds in the Making \| Arts and Literature \| Brave New Words
		Defamiliarization is, after all, a form of estrangement, while recovery is ultimately a form of reunion.
		My hope is that, by defamiliarizing for students the idea of vocation, I might help them to recover some of the excitement and challenge involved with Christian responsibility—or at the very least give them a fresh vocabulary with which to formulate those concerns.
		I believe that the experience of defamiliarization can help all readers to prepare for other times in life when we are confronted with the unfamiliar: a neighbor who is a Muslim, a service project in the Third World, a new family-in-law with its own strange traditions and manners.
	www.calvin.edu /minds/vol02/issue04/cengbers.php (5118 words)

	Defamiliarization and Renewing the Art of Perception in Thomas Carlyle, D.H. Lawrence, and Annie Dillard
		By analyzing and defamiliarizing her various observations of nature, Dillard is thus able to begin to piece together these implications for both herself and the reader.
		Defamiliarization by means of such image simplification enables Lawrence to reconstruct an image of humanity as seen through the eyes of an artist, emphasizing individuality as a key element in examining the present.
		Dillard's defamiliarization works to bridge our understanding of life with her observations of nature by equating the seemingly disgusting act of what she calls "a little blood here, a chomp there" (227), in the world of parasites to the ordinary responsibility of paying rent.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /victorian/courses/nonfiction/dillard/porter14.html (4464 words)

	Magic Iconism
		Defamiliarization occurs in many guises: it may refer either to the content (what Shklovsky calls "objects") or to the form (what Shklovsky usually calls "devices") of a work of art.
		The main difference between these two stylistic principles is this: defamiliarization devices and effects work by making the usual or natural seems unusual or unnatural, while iconic devices and effects work by making the unnatural (language, for example) seem natural, or motivated.
		Defamiliarization has to do with culture rather than nature, with art rather than life, with difference rather than similarity.
	faculty.gvsu.edu /websterm/Coeur.htm (866 words)

	defamiliarization_dreams_frames_film
		Defamiliarization forces an intense degree of alertness, and even seeks, beyond this, to promote a sense of wonder.
		MD (Mulholland Drive): defamiliarization by compelling us to see and hear first through a dream-(un)consciousness, and then through a severely traumatized, virtual suicidal, near-death waking-consciousness dominated by tortured memories, fantasies, and hallucinations.
		MD: defamiliarization that compels us to consider precisely what kind of relationship we actually bear with what we see and what we hear when we watch and listen to a film–emphasizes that this is all, always, pre-recorded, all, always, illusion, or fabrication, not reality.
	www.uwec.edu /ranowlan/defamiliarization_dreams_frames_film.html (961 words)

	Miall & Kuiken -- Beyond Text Theory: Understanding Literary Response
		Briefly, by defamiliarization we mean a process during which a reader uses prototypic concepts in a context where their referents are rendered unfamiliar by various stylistic devices; the reader is required to reinterpret such referents in non-prototypic ways, or even to relocate them in a new perspective that must be created during reading.
		The origins of defamiliarization theory may be found in the Romantic period, especially in Coleridge's (1817/1983) proposal that the purpose of literature is to overcome the automatic nature of normal, everyday perception.
		According to defamiliarization theory, however, attention is held by foregrounded text because the readers' feelings are engaged by these stylistic variations and because prolonged attention allows feeling guided formation of non-prototypic conceptions of the phenomena referred to in the text.
	www.ualberta.ca /~dmiall/reading/BEYOND_t.htm (6257 words)

	Magical Realism Tactics: Defamiliarization Writing Techniques Applied
		Poets are charged with a duty to disrupt habits, overcome barriers of cultural perceptions and see the world fresh or new.
		The term “defamiliarization” was first used by Russian Formalists following the Tolstoy and Doestoevsky period.
		Defamiliarization techniques turn readers upside down, which is exactly what Jorge Luis Borges of Argentina intended.
	latin-american-literature.suite101.com /article.cfm/magical_realism_tactics (447 words)

	Toronto Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Defamiliarization or ostranenie (??????????) is the artistic technique of forcing the audience to see common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, in order to enhance perception of the familiar.
		Defamiliarization (as a term, not a technique) was developed in the mid-20th century by Viktor Shklovsky, who is most often associated with Russian Formalism.
		It was also slightly more publicized by Horace Miner [1956] with his story “Body Rituals Amongst the Nacirema,” where he characterized the rituals of Americans when they go about their morning perparations.
	www.torontopost.biz /Info/?Defamiliarization (273 words)

	info: Defamiliarization (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Defamiliarization and Renewing the Art of Perception in Thomas Carlyle...
		Defamiliarization and Renewing the Art of Perception in Thomas Carlyle, D.H. Lawrence, and Annie Dillard Jane Porter '06, English 171, Sages and Satirists, Brown University, 2003
		For our purposes, defamiliarization is any process by which the ordinary is made to seem unordinary, alien or...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Defamiliarization.html (356 words)

	On defamiliarization. - The Cult
		It is a proces of defamiliarization to get us thinking and to revalue everything we think we know.
		defamiliarization [ostranenie]) determined the literariness or artfulness of an object.
		I think the process of defamiliarizing the familiar is an important and overlooked aspect of Chuck's aesthetic, and you've hit on a positively brilliant distinction.
	www.chuckpalahniuk.net /community/showthread.php?goto=lastpost&t=22868 (422 words)

	Poetry Bay - Online Poetry Magazine
		Defamiliarization was historically conceived as “making strange” or the ability to slow down a reader’s attention so that the greased-wheels of common discourse could become a vehicle for new awareness of the world.
		This question of “difficulty” is one which is hotly contested due to the confusion between artistic expression and other forms of cultural communication.
		Defamiliarization is somehow key to this difference and thereby perhaps constitutes some form of risk.
	www.poetrybay.com /Summer2005/Rawn.htm (1662 words)

	sidereality \| ISSN 1543-0316 \| Reviews -- V. 3, N. 1 \| "E-Book Review of October Rush: Poems from the ...
		Baxter observes that defamiliarization is "like that moment when, often early in the morning, perhaps in a strange house, you pass before a mirror you hadn't known would be there.
		Literature exists in moments like that." I would argue that it's speculative literature in particular that exists in and through defamiliarization: seeing something, being struck by how odd or strange or different it is, and then the shock or realizing that you've been looking at yourself all along.
		And I think that this piece highlights the way that poems that defamiliarize are frankly fun, at least for those of us who love literature, and in particular speculative literature.
	www.sidereality.com /volume3issue1/reviewsv3n1/ebookreviewofoctoberrush.htm (700 words)

	Nyhus, Misinterpretationism PIPA Volume 2 (1999)
		According to Boris Tomashevsky, the basic principle of Defamiliarization is "The old and habitual must be spoken of as if it were new and unusual," and economic oppression is markedly new and unusual in Cummings' unconventional description of it.
		The main defamiliarization technique, however, comes through in the content, in the ironic detachedness of the narrator from the economic system that is drowning him and his ambivalence to the views and circumstances of his family.
		The social and economic fallacy becomes so defamiliar by the poem's closure that it is barely recognizable as the force behind the narrator's plight.
	www.eiu.edu /~ipaweb/pipa/volume2/nyhus.htm (2902 words)

	Literary Terms
		To defamiliarize is to look and\ or present the familiar or the habitual in a new, fresh or even strange way.
		Second, when defamiliarizing something, the attention is averted (slightly or completely) from the subject of discussion to the actual form of 'discussion'.
		Russian Formalists considered defamiliarization to be one of the unique features of text that may be considered 'literary'.
	www.geocities.com /shaichazan/Lit/terms.htm (1865 words)

	The Sophist, No. 5: Defamiliarization: What the Medium Means for the Message
		The novelty of Web conferencing as a medium defamiliarizes the act of meeting with others--but that will not always be the case.
		What all this means is that we have a transitory opportunity; before Web conferencing becomes as familiar as the phone or e-mail, we should take advantage of this moment of defamiliarization to refamiliarize ourselves with what makes for good meetings.
		We often take for granted what a meeting is and how it works, but Web conferencing pushes us to think about the nature of meetings--and what makes for good ones--even as we are in the process of meeting.
	www.isophinstitute.com /sophist_no5_medium.aspx (638 words)

	shiftscape
		Shiftscape is a defamiliarizing spatial experience enabling visual control of the scenery beyond a window.
		Defamiliarization is a two-step process of introducing participants to an ostensibly ordinary environment, and then of disrupting this familiarity as they move through space.
		The critical moment for defamiliarization occurs when participants realize that they are a part of the scenery; their movement correspondingly affects the horizon line, which is used as a central compositional device to bring about a sense of disorientation within the participant.
	a.parsons.edu /~steck/thesis (175 words)

	Defamiliarization Effect Details, Meaning Defamiliarization Effect Article and Explanation Guide
		The Defamiliarization effect is when an actor plays a character without believing they are truly the character.
		The actor wants the character to be believable to the audience but not realistic, as this would cause the audience to think about the fictional story of the play rather than the moral or purpose behind it from which the spectator can learn from and use in their own lives.
		This is in direct opposition to method acting, where the actor is encouraged to become the character, through methods of asimilating the attitudes and circumstances of the character, so that rather than playing the character, the actor becomes the character.
	www.e-paranoids.com /d/de/defamiliarization_effect.html (146 words)

	Center for Teaching and Learning (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this sense, my teaching philosophy can perhaps best be described as the teaching of philosophy, by which I mean the evocation of different styles of thinking, that allow us to re-consider our own largely unconscious relationship to the arts and, perhaps, the world at large.
		Ironically, the task of describing my teaching philosophy demands something of this same defamiliarization, for the public conduct of any teacher is underwritten by a great many private decisions.
		Let me say, at the outset, that I have been teaching regularly for the last five years, first at the University of Iowa, where I was a graduate student in Film Studies, and then at the University of Pennsylvania, where I have taught in Comparative Literature, English, and (again) Film Studies.
	www.ctl.sas.upenn.edu /tools/greg.html (1139 words)

	Country Information, a world portal on countries, politics and governments
		Defamiliarization or ostranenie is the artistic technique of forcing the audience to see common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, in order to enhance perception of the familiar.
		Defamiliarization (as a term, not a technique) was developed in the mid-20th century by Viktor Shklovsky, who is most often associated with Russian Formalism.
		It was also slightly more publicized by Horace Miner [1956] with his story âBody Rituals Amongst the Nacirema,â where he characterized the rituals of Americans when they go about their morning rituals.
	www.asiaiworld.com /wiki-Defamiliarization (171 words)

	Foregrounding, Defamiliarization, and Affect: Response to Literary Stories - Cogprints
		Foregrounding, Defamiliarization, and Affect: Response to Literary Stories
		Stylistic variations, known as foregrounding, hypothetically prompt defamiliarization, evoke feelings, and prolong reading time.
		These possibilities were tested in four studies in which segment by segment reading times and ratings were collected from readers of a short story.
	cogprints.org /737 (182 words)

	[No title]
		The principles advanced by the Russian Formalists in the 1920s to examine and differentiate art from non-art in general, and more particularly literature from non-literature [at a time in which a search for critical tools is more than warranted], assume an extraordinary significance today.
		I will dwell here only on one of those principles, the notion of defamiliarization or oastranenie (1) as defined by the critic Viktor Shklovsky and as recently interpreted by the critical theoritician Frederic Jameson.
		First he points out that defamiliarization is a way of differentiating art manifestations from any other modes of expression.
	www.arch.mcgill.ca /prof/castro/serlio/defam.htm (560 words)

	mcnamara (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In McCarthy’s world, tactics of defamiliarization are never wholly unequivocal, though he is undoubtedly reliant on its procedures.
		So many of the artists here at the Biennale equate their visual art to a kind of thinking, but only in art do we ascribe complete authority and effectiveness to that thinking (either that or artistic "thinking" is ignored entirely).
		This doubling or defamiliarization that I have been discussing in works found in the Biennale—whether it is of things of the world, of social and political issues, of art itself—serves not to emulate, not even necessarily to provoke (in the traditional politicised sense).
	www.artspace.org.au /2000/mcnamara.html (1786 words)

	Rhizome.org: Shiftscape
		Born in a suburban area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Jacqueline Steck emerged with massive quantities of hair, thus giving her a characteristic unruly appearance.
		She currently resides in Brooklyn, NY, where she investigates the cultural impact of artificial intelligence, as well as technological intervention in culture through strategies of defamiliarization.
		Trained at the University of Pittsburgh with a BA in Fine Arts and and an MFA in Design and Technology at the Parsons School of Design, she maintains a blog that highlights overlaps of AI with culture at http://a.parsons.edu/~steck/alife_.html
	www.rhizome.org /fp.rhiz?id=20 (233 words)

	[No title]
		In this book, Esping-Andersen (1999) responds to his feminist critics by expanding the scope of analysis to include family as a unit of welfare provision in addition to state and the market.
		Defamiliarization, so he argues, can occur either through socialization of family care by the welfare state or through creating a market for it.
		It does not provide a satisfactory answer as to why gender segregation should persist or even be higher in social democratic welfare states and why women in some liberal welfare states (Australia and New Zealand) do better than their Scandinavian counterparts in achieving wage parity with men.
	www.yale.edu /leitner/pdf/Estevez-Abe.doc (6106 words)

	Making the strange familiar, and the familiar strange - AC
		Victor Shklovsky argued in 1916 that the key function of art was estrangement, defamiliarization or ‘making strange’ (ostranenie) - i.e.
		However, as Simon Watney notes, the strategy of defamiliarization is itself, of course, ideological and has been associated with the notion that the tactic of surprise may serve to banish ‘distortions’ so that we may ‘objectively’ perceive ‘reality’ (Watney 1982, 173-4).
		Clearly the strategy of ‘making the familiar strange’ needs to be coupled with an awareness that whilst we may be able to bypass one set of conventions we may never escape the framing of experience by convention.
	alistair.cockburn.us /index.php/Making_the_strange_familiar,_and_the_familiar_strange (394 words)

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