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Topic: Default route

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Benjamin Salisbury

	Configuring a default route
		It is not required to set default route options; if none are specified, no metrics are applied to the default route.
		If the new default route configuration differs from the current runtime environment (that is, from values specified in /etc/default/tcp or set with the route command), you will be prompted to sychronize the new default values.
		The runtime default route is not sychronized until the Client Manager exits.
	osr507doc.sco.com /en/NetAdminG/tcpT.ncsm_defaultroute.html (287 words)

	Cisco - Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands
		Default routes are used to direct packets addressed to networks not explicitly listed in the routing table.
		Default routes are invaluable in topologies where learning all the more specific networks is not desirable, as in case of stub networks, or not feasible due to limited system resources such as memory and processing power.
		The default routes created using the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 command are not propagated by OSPF and IS-IS. Additionally, this default cannot be redistributed into OSPF or IS-IS using the redistribute command.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/105/default.html (1435 words)

	Microsoft Windows XP - Route
		-f : Clears the routing table of all entries that are not host routes (routes with a netmask of 255.255.255.255), the loopback network route (routes with a destination of 127.0.0.0 and a netmask of 255.0.0.0), or a multicast route (routes with a destination of 224.0.0.0 and a netmask of 240.0.0.0).
		For locally attached subnet routes, the gateway address is the IP address assigned to the interface that is attached to the subnet.
		Large values in the metric column of the routing table are the result of allowing TCP/IP to automatically determine the metric for routes in the routing table based on the configuration of IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for each LAN interface.
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/route.mspx (1202 words)

	default route instead of static - dBforums
		We have several static routes on a machine with 5 network interfaces.
		When we remove the default route the static routes work as they should.
		default route case) then the result is unspecified, but we generallly
	www.dbforums.com /t525343.html (576 words)

	RFC 1397 (rfc1397) - Default Route Advertisement In BGP2 and BGP3 Version
		Overview The purpose of the default route advertisement capability is to advertise the IP address of a border gateway which can be used as the default next hop to destinations that are not listed explicitly in the BGP peer's routing table.
		Default Route Advertisement A default route is advertised in an UPDATE message that carries reachability information for network 0.0.0.0.
		If multiple default route are acquired by a BGP speaker, a route is selected according to the local policies adopted by this BGP speaker.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1397.html (608 words)

	Default Gateway Behavior for Windows TCP/IP: The Cable Guy - September 2003
		By using a default route, the knowledge of the topology of the network and the set of reachable destinations is offloaded to the routers, rather than being a responsibility of the sending host.
		Default route traffic is traffic destined to a remote network that is forwarded to the default gateway (rather than traffic destined for the default gateway's IP address).
		When one fourth of the TCP connections routed through the default gateway have had their RCEs adjusted to the next default gateway, dead gateway detection informs IP to change the computer’s default gateway to the one that the adjusted connections are now using.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg0903.mspx#ERF (2320 words)

	Cisco - How Does OSPF Generate Default Routes?
		The ABR injects a default route into the area and all the routers belonging to this area use the default route to send any traffic outside the area.
		The default is metric = 1 and the metric-type = E2.
		The routers inside these areas use the default route generated by the ABR to reach destinations outside of the area.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/104/21.html (1144 words)

	Default Gateway Configuration for Multihomed Computers
		The route most likely to be used is the default gateway for the primary NIC that is bound to TCP/IP, but this is not always the case.
		A common use of multiple default gateways is to configure a backup gateway in the event of a failure of the primary gateway (router).
		The default gateway is used only for traffic that needs to go to a network for which the server has no route.
	support.microsoft.com /default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;157025&Product=win2000 (748 words)

	[No title]
		In particular, the preference values are not routing metrics and it is not recommended that routers "dump out" their entire routing tables to hosts.
		When the best router for the default route is also the router least likely to redirect common traffic (which will be a common case), encoding the preference value in the message header is more efficient than sending a separate option.
		If there are no routes matching the destination (i.e., no default routes and no more-specific routes), then a type C host SHOULD discard the packet and report a Destination Unreachable/No Route To Destination error to the upper layer.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc4191.txt (4183 words)

	route(8): show/change IP routing table - Linux man page
		The default is the device MTU minus headers, or a lower MTU when path mtu discovery occured.
		force the route to be associated with the specified device, as the kernel will otherwise try to determine the device on its own (by checking already existing routes and device specifications, and where the route is added to).
		The number of ARP entries and cached routes that refer to the hardware header cache for the cached route.
	www.die.net /doc/linux/man/man8/route.8.html (999 words)

	D.1. route
		The route which is customarily present on all machines (and which I'll not remark on after this) is the route to the loopback interface.
		Routes existing in the route cache are periodically expired.
		The alternate method of setting a default route specifies a network and netmask of 0, which is shorthand for all destinations.
	linux-ip.net /html/tools-route.html (2972 words)

	'route' man page
		Its primary use is to set up static routes to specific hosts or networks via an interface after it has been configured with the ifconfig(8) program.
		EXAMPLES route add -net 127.0.0.0 adds the normal loopback entry, using netmask 255.0.0.0 (class A net, determined from the destination address) and associated with the "lo" device (assuming this device was prviously set up correctly with ifconfig(8)).
		route add -net 192.57.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw ipx4 This command adds the net "192.57.66.x" to be gatewayed through the former route to the SLIP interface.
	www.linuxpakistan.net /man.php?query=route&apropos=0§ion=0&type=2 (1070 words)

	Route Exportation
		This metric is send to the peer by certain protocol and may be used by the peer to choose the better route to a given destination.
		The default tag specified by the ospf defaults clause may be overridden by a tag specified on the export statement.
		For all interior routes this AS path specifies IGP as the origin and no ASes in the AS path (the current AS is added when the route is exported).
	www.unix.org.ua /gated/node42.html (1732 words)

	Gateways and Routes
		If you are configuring the default route for a machine which itself is functioning as the gateway to the outside world, then the default route will be the gateway machine at your Internet Service Provider's (ISP) site.
		Either way, routing tables are set up so that each subnet knows that this machine is the defined gateway (inbound route) to the other subnet.
		We already know that routing tables can be set up so that all traffic for a particular address space (in our examples, a class-C subnet) can be sent to a particular host on that network, which will forward the packets inbound.
	www.freebsd.org /doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-routing.html (1932 words)

	Linux Networking: route command -- default gateway beginner question
		When I issue the route command, it occasionally appears to slow down horribly (about 60 seconds to return results) while displaying the default routes and I cannot reach the machine remotely until I issue a /etc/init.d/networking restart.
		default 1.11.11.64.in 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
		The default route is needed when a packet has another destination than your private subnet.
	www.experts-exchange.com /Networking/Linux_Networking/Q_21570048.html (365 words)

	D.2. ip route
		Now that we have inspected the main routing table and the local routing table, let's see how easy it is to look at any one of the other routing tables.
		When you are working with multiple routing tables and different classes of traffic, you can ease your administrative burden, by hosting several different IPs on your linux machine and setting the source address differently, depending on the type of traffic.
		This command can be used to remove routes such as broadcast routes and routes to locally hosted IPs in addition to manipulation of any of the other routing tables.
	linux-ip.net /html/tools-ip-route.html (3756 words)

	IP Default Gateway
		The major difference between these two options is that configuring a static default route only defines a default route for the router you're configuring it on, while ip default-network will propagate the route via its routing protocol.
		When deciding whether to use a default static route or a default network, keep in mind that if you want the routing protocol to propagate the default route, the ip default-network command will do that for you.
		But if you want only the local router to have the default route, a static IP route is the way to go.
	www.networknewz.com /networknewz-10-20050926IPDefaultGateway.html (512 words)

	default-information originate
		Specifies the route-map name containing the criteria that must be satisfied for the default route to be generated.
		Description: IS-IS default route origination provides for the generation of a default route when the router is either a Level-2 or Level-1-2 router.
		The Level-1 router determines the default route by examining the nearest Level-1-2 router with the ATT bit set in its Level-1 LSP.
	www.avici.com /documentation/HTMLDocs/02223-10_revAB/ISIS5.html (388 words)

	Default Gateway Route Does Not Appear in the Routing Table After You Re-Add a Routing and Remote Access Interface
		When you add a network interface to a remote access server in the Routing and Remote Access utility, a default route for that interface may not appear in the routing table.
		Type route print to verify that the new default route appears in the routing table.
		The default route for the re-added network interface is added to the Windows routing table.
	support.microsoft.com /kb/816905/EN-US (394 words)

	Multiple Default Gateways under Linux with iproute2
		Under Linux, it's possible to configure your default route on a process-by-process basis, and hence use multiple interfaces to reach a single end-point.
		Setting the default route of the main table to point out the interface instantly fixes this, but that sort of defeats the purpose really, doesn't it?
		In any event, the remedy was to instantiate a dummy device and point the default route at it.
	www.clintoneast.com /articles/multihomed.php (783 words)

	Default Route Preference Values
		The JUNOS software routing protocol process assigns a default preference value to each route that the routing table receives.
		In general, the narrower the scope of the statement, the higher precedence its preference value is given, but the smaller the set of routes it affects.
		To modify the default preference value for routes learned by routing protocols, you generally apply routing policy when configuring the individual routing protocols.
	www.juniper.net /techpubs/software/junos/junos51/swconfig51-ipv6/html/routing-overview-ipv611.html (121 words)

	ip multicast-route
		When you use static routes with one of the routing protocols, distance is used to determine whether the static route is preferred over routes learned via the routing protocol updates.
		Tags are used to identify routes for redistribution and route maps.
		Description: Multicast static routes are user-configured routes that move multicast packets to a destination along a specified path.
	www.avici.com /documentation/HTMLDocs/03252-06_revAA/MultiCommds6.html (385 words)

	Default route problem with network applet and dhcp
		At this point, the machine cannot talk to anything outside of the local subnet, because it doesn't have a default route set correctly.
		Note that if your static ip address is on the same subnet as your dhcp address, the problem still exists, but it is masked because the default router is the same.
		This may be related to the default gateway not on dhcp subnet (http://www.fedoraforum.org/forum/showthread.php?t=32814) problem.
	forums.fedoraforum.org /archive/index.php/t-48354.html (346 words)

	Meningar.com om route. Route, default, than mm.
		It is well-known that the respiratory route is a potential route of exposure to endosulfan (Oudbier et al...
		The failure rate for intubation was greater by the nasal route compared with the oral route, indicating the former procedure may be more difficult...
		Objectives The purpose of the review was to compare the complications associated with intubation by the nasal route with those associated with intubation by the oral route for mechanical ventilation in newborn infants...
	www.meningar.com /route.html (1574 words)

	macosxhints.com - Avoid creating PPTP default routes
		The problem with the default route that this hint is trying to avoid is that it interferes with other network connectivity (e.g.
		A default route specifies where to send packets that are destined for IP addresses other than those explicitly mentioned - usually this applies to packets addressed to machines outside the local network.
		There is still no option to select default route or not.
	www.macosxhints.com /article.php?story=20030906232648318 (2254 words)

	A question about default routes. - Page 2 - Usenet Linux
		then it _must_ be the default that leads to the internet.
		until 2.3.6 in early 1999 that the trap for an existing default route was
		route - not by ignoring the problem by masking the symptom.
	www.usenetlinux.com /showthread.php?t=383128&page=2 (2034 words)

	Default route problem with multiple interfaces - Ubuntu Forums
		You can put custom route (or any other arbitrary commands) in interface paragraphs in /etc/network/interfaces and they will always be executed when the official mechanisms are used to start and stop networking.
		You can use this to put any actual "route" command either in an interface paragraph or in a script in the various directories that autoexecute scripts.
		The script method is more flexible if you want to run more code to make a more complicated routing decision before adding the route.
	www.ubuntuforums.org /showthread.php?t=212774 (885 words)

	macosxhints.com - Set no default route for VPN Client via PPTP/L2TP
		It seems to be a common problem that, when connecting with Mac OS X VPN client to a VPN server, you end up with getting a default route to that server.
		But in some cases, you'll still want to use your original internet connection by default, and only have the routes for the remote VPN pointing to the VPN server.
		Also, this page has an expanded version of the hint, which shows how to configure static routes to be added whenever the VPN is connected- which is useful if your company's network consists of more than just a single block of IP addresses.
	www.macosxhints.com /article.php?story=20050531163742751&lsrc=osxh (575 words)

	Default route with RP-PPPOE - LinuxQuestions.org
		The default route option in pppoe.conf didn't seem to work.
		After messing around in the config files for some time i discovered that if i replaced the default route manually, pointing directly at ppp0 everything worked.
		Route to subnet exists but I get "Network unreachable" when adding default route
	www.linuxquestions.org /questions/showthread.php?postid=415390 (329 words)

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