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Topic: Defective verb

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Impersonal verb

Auxiliary verb

Conditional tense

English language

	Defective verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A defective verb is a verb with an incomplete conjugation.
		Defective verbs cannot be conjugated in certain tenses or moods.
		The only strictly defective verbs are the modal auxiliary verbs: "can," "may," "will," "must", and so on.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defective_verb (346 words)

	Modal auxiliary verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the English language, a modal auxiliary verb is an auxiliary verb (or helping verb) that can modify the grammatical mood (or mode) of a verb.
		The key way to identify a modal auxiliary is by its defectiveness; the modal auxiliaries do not have participles or infinitives.
		Shall derives from a main verb meaning to owe, and in dialects that use both shall and will, the former is often used in instances where an obligation, rather than an intention, is expressed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modal_verb (1190 words)

	Verb
		Finite verb A finite verb is a sentences.
		Predicative verb A predicative verb is a verb that behaves as a grammatical adjective.
		Verb applicative A verb applicative is a argument to it.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/verb.html (585 words)

	English:Verbs - Wikibooks
		A Passive verb is a verb in a passive sentence.
		A redundant verb is a verb that forms the preterit or the perfect participle in two or more ways, and so as to be both regular and irregular; as, thrive, thrived or throve, thriving, thrived or thriven.
		16 The irregular neuter verb BE, conjugated affirmatively.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/English:Verbs (5350 words)

	Defective verb -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A defective verb is a (A word that serves as the predicate of a sentence) verb with an incomplete (The inflection of verbs) conjugation.
		Defective verbs cannot be conjugated in certain (A grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time) tenses or (Verb inflections that express how the action or state is conceived by the speaker) moods.
		In the (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English language, there are few defective verbs.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/de/defective_verb.htm (297 words)

	Glossary Web Page
		That is, the Latin verbs are intransitive, whereas the English verbs are transitive.
		Verbs in subordinate clauses that required the subjunctive show action relative to the time of the main verb of the sentence: either before it, after it, or contemporaneous with it.
		Verbs that indicate fear or some kind of warning are followed by a object or noun clause, which amounts to little more than a subjunctive clause introduced by ut or nê.
	www.languages.uncc.edu /dagrote/Wheelock/glossary.htm (7903 words)

	Glossary of Grammar and Syntax
		Verbs that are deponent are so indicated by passive forms in the dictionary entry where a non-deponent verb would have active forms.
		The verb in the subordinate clause is subjunctive.
		The mood of the verbs in such protases is always indicative, and the mood of the verb in the apodosis is almost often indicative, although it's not always necessary indicative.
	www.languages.uncc.edu /classics/latin/glossary.htm (7809 words)

	Dictionary Information: Definition Be - Description Meaning Thesaurus
		This verb is defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by verbs from other roots, is, was, which have no radical connection with be.
		The verb to be, except in a few rare case, like that of Shakespeare's "To be, or not to be", is used simply as a copula, to connect a subject with its predicate; as, man is mortal; the soul is immortal.
		The verb to exist is never properly used as a mere copula, but points to things that stand forth, or have a substantive being; as, when the soul is freed from all corporeal alliance, then it truly exists.
	www.selfknowledge.com /8530.htm (709 words)

	English Grammar
		Verbs in the Simple conjugation with a modal auxiliary generally refer to present or future time; whereas verbs in the Perfect conjugation with a modal auxiliary generally refer to past time.
		Verbs in the Continuous conjugation with a modal auxiliary generally refer to continuous, ongoing actions in present or future time; whereas verbs in the Perfect Continuous conjugation with a modal auxiliary generally refer to continuous, ongoing actions in past time.
		It should be noted that the form of the verb in a short answer is not always the same as the form of the verb in the question, since the verb of a short answer must agree with its subject.
	www.fortunecity.com /bally/durrus/153/gramch10.html (2298 words)

	Paradigm of the Portuguese verb conjugation
		But irregular verbs can have their radical severely altered in some inflections; the two anomalous verbs: ser (to be) and ir (to go), have their radicals supressed entirely in some tenses.
		A feature of this group, however, distinguishes it from any other: they are the only verbs in which the forms of the future of the subjunctive (which are irregular) are different from the (regular) inflected infinitive (with the exception of rir, ler and crer).
		verbs ending in air (cair, sair, trair, esvair,..): the thematic vowel "i" appears inadvertently in (eu) caio and in the present of subjunctive (caia, caias, caiamos, caiais, caiam).
	www.inf.ufrgs.br /~emiliano/conver/geral_i.html (3479 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		If your knowledge of Spanish verb conjugations is minimal then use of any good Spanish dictionary will give you a model verb for the verb that you wish to conjugate.
		Defective verbs are not currently conjugated as such.
		If you wish to conjugate a defective verb choose the appropriate model, but be aware that not all persons and tenses shown may be valid.
	osiris.sunderland.ac.uk /cbowww/SOFTWARE/VERB/manual.txt (1278 words)

	grammar guide
		Linking verbs and how they are connected to pronouns, nouns, and adjectives are found here, along with transitive and intransitive verbs.
		An irregular, an defective verb, the full conjugation of which in modern English is effected by a union of the surviving inflections of three originally distinct and independent verbs: (1) the original Aryan substantive verb with stem es-.
		For the verb to be intransitive what follows the verb must indicate location rather than a state of being.
	www.geocities.com /jeh1uncp/guide.html (996 words)

	Strong (grammatical term) - TheBestLinks.com - Strong verb, English language, Inflection, Germanic languages, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A strong inflection is an "irregular" inflection, in which the stem of a word changes.
		In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is one with an internal vowel change in the past or preterite tense.
		A strong adjective or noun is defined according to the stem of the declension, and is not directly related to the notion of a strong verb; strong adjectives and nouns do not exist in modern English.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Strong_verb.html (166 words)

	verb - Wiktionary
		From old French verbe, from Latin verbum ("word"), from Proto-Indo-European *wer-.
		(grammar) a word that indicates an action or a state; in a sentence, a verb forms part of the predicate of the sentence.
		(colloquial) to use any word that is not a verb (especially a noun) as if it were a verb.
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/verb (110 words)

	Meeting, Feb 26th
		Instead, we must have an account in which the restructuring verbs are ``defective'', and so are small enough that they can adjoin into a clause where a non-defective verb could not.
		But it is exactly in the case of these restructuring verbs that such adjunction is allowed, because of their well-known properties of being semantically weak (\cite{Napoli} and others).
		Two examples are: (1) It predicts, with no stipulations necessary, that restructuring will be impossible with object-control verbs, since the subject of the final sentence is simply the subject of the elementary tree projected from the lower verb.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~xtag/meetings/msg00026.html (655 words)

	Linguistics 550, Syntax I, Notes 8
		From a superficial point of view, the difference between the verbs break, drown, roll and sink in the (i) and (ii) examples is that they are transitive in the (i) examples and intransitive in the (ii) examples.
		However, in contrast to active verb forms, their passive counterparts are incapable of (i) assigning oblique case to their objects and (ii) assigning the semantic role of agent to the subject.
		Rather, the lexical analysis holds that passive is a process that modifies an active verb's treelet by eliminating the subject as an argument and turning the erstwhile object into a subject, thereby changing the active verb's subcategorization frame from transitive to intransitive.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_1998/ling550/notes8.html (1335 words)

	Strong's Greek Dictionary - Bible Software by johnhurt.com
		apparently a primary verb; properly, to be weak, i.e.
		a prolonged form of a primary but defective verb heilo (of the same meaning); to coil or wrap:--roll together.
		the first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist (used only when emphatic):--am, have been, X it is I, was.
	www.sacrednamebible.com /kjvstrongs/STRGRK15.htm (806 words)

	Chapter 25
		Infinitives, like participles, operate on relative time—that is, their tense is relative to that of the main verb—thus, the true time of the infinitive in indirect statement depends on the tense of the main verb.
		With a present-tense main verb (time +0), there is no problem with the conversion from accusative-infinitive indirect statement to the English "that" construction, because infinitive tenses (in relative time) correspond directly to their finite equivalents (in absolute time):
		With certain verbs like "believe," English can tolerate an interchange between "that" and accusative/infinitive constructions and so native English speakers are used to making this transition in tenses.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/Latin1000/Chapters/25ch.htm (1448 words)

	English:Verbs
		to be (http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Be) before the verb and add ing to the end of the verb root.
		15 The irregular neuter verb BE, conjugated affirmatively.
		The Indicative mood is that form of the verb, which simply indicates or declares a thing: as, I write; you know: or asks a question; as,
	www.tolearnenglish.com /lessons/verbs.php (4861 words)

	Untitled Document
		They are known as "the defective verb" (Jacobs, 217) because they follow none of the regular verb rules.
		Modals are usually the hardest verb forms for non-native speakers to master.
		In early language development, modal verb forms were originally verbs taking the full range of verb suffixes.
	www.geocities.com /margowilliams2002/modals (1790 words)

	Dative-Statives. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Many defective verbs are syntactically different from verbs with complete paradigms; often, their subjects are in the dative case, because they cannot agree in PNG with 1st and 2nd person subjects or third person animate subjects.
		We will call them `dative-stative' verbs because they are semantically STATIVE---they refer to states (liking, wanting, sufficing, being painful, hungry, etc.) rather than actions---and syntactically they require that their subjects be marked with the dative case.
		The most common defective verbs are äÀÕ `understand', ØÂá£ veenum `need, want', ×»ÀÕ teri `know', ×´×¹ kede `be available, have', and ½ÕÜ pidi `like'.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /plc/tamilweb/book/chapter3/node102.html (139 words)

	BGreek: Re: 3700 & 3708
		Now to be a defective verb, the verb is not used in all three voices.
		occurances, 22 passive occurances.) Therefore ORAW is not defective.
		defective or spelling is defective on an adjective.
	www.ibiblio.org /bgreek/test-archives/html4/1998-10/27954.html (360 words)

	Robertson's NT Word Pictures - Luke 14
		, an old verb, only in the middle in the N.T. It is not redundant use, "took and healed," but "took hold of him and healed him." Only instance in the N.T. of its use in a case of healing.
		, defective verb, from stem of the aorist
		this common Greek verb is used in various ways, to ask something from one (#Mr 15:6), to deprecate or ask to avert (#Heb 12:19), to refuse or decline (#Ac 25:11), to shun or to avoid (#2Ti 2:23), to beg pardon or to make excuses for not doing or to beg (#Lu 14:18ff.).
	www.godrules.net /library/robert/robertluk14.htm (2000 words)

	Latin Online
		In the basic word order of Latin the verb stands last in the sentence, as was noted in Grammar section 1.
		We have also noted that the extensive inflection of nouns and verbs enables authors to modify the basic order, as for indicating emphasis on specific words; the final placement of laudem in the next example provides an illustration.
		This is followed by a clause in which the verb is lacking, and that in turn by an appositive clause: ducem Aeneam, filium...
	www.utexas.edu /cola/depts/lrc/eieol/latol-9.html (1407 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - J. Kathryn Josserand
		The central part of the word, its stem, is derived from the root ch’uj ’holy’, and the -aj suffix forms a noun agent from derived verb stems.
		But the suffix -wan, which must form a verb, is not otherwise attested in modern Chol data, and it appears likely that this term is an archaic frozen form, the only word currently known that preserves this sufix.
		It is interesting to note that Kaufman and Norman (1984:107) reconstruct a Proto-Cholan verbal suffix -wan (from pre-Proto-Cholan -(a)w-an) expressing the completive aspect of positional verbs* (verbs which describe a position or state of being).
	www.famsi.org /reports/94017/section21.htm (1268 words)

	Livid's Lividict - Be (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Note: The verb to be (including the forms is, was, etc.) is used in forming the passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James.
		Usage: The verb to be, except in a few rare case, like that of Shakespeare's ``To be, or not to be'', is used simply as a copula, to connect a subject with its predicate; as, man is mortal; the soul is immortal.
		[1913 Webster] Note: The verb to be (including the forms is, was, etc.) is used in forming the passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James.
	livid.3322.org /lookup/Be.html (2659 words)

	Anderson, Cynthia I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In Movima (unclassified, Bolivia), the valency of a verb is apparently determined by the presence or absence of the morpheme
		The argument structure of Seri verbs involving Addressees and Recipients presents an unusual array of complications, with various configurations of Addressees/Recipients and Patients as direct object, indirect object, postpositional object and “chômeur.” Some verbs’ frames are sensitive to number of the Addressee/Recipient.
		Recent syntactic analyses of the Athabaskan verb phrase treat the subject and object marking on the verb as the same kind of syntactic element, i.e.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/meetings/SSILA05/abstracts.htm (7834 words)

	[No title]
		A non defective Spanish verb can appear in a minimum of 56 different forms, if it is regular, and in a maximum of 59,if it is irregular.
		These different morphological forms are obtained by adding to the lexical stem different inflected suffixes according to person, number, tense, aspect, and mood.
		All the inflected forms of a verb (regular or irregular) are predictable once you know the stem or stems of the verb.
	www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be /LKR/dtr/spanishv.doc (326 words)

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