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Topic: Defence (military)

	Civil defence 1977-1997 - from law to practice
		Civil defence in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was now being reorganized in the light of experience: it would consist of a chief of staff at federal level and civil defence centres at cantonal and communal/local level, each composed of a small board of professionals responsible for certain aspects.
		The military would have three concerns in relation to their task: first, if they perceived civil defence work as a danger to themselves, and likely to result in military casualties, they would take steps to reduce freedom of civil defence action.
		Mostly, the military found civilians a hindrance and therefore had to be convinced by civil defence and other humanitarian organizations that they were acting only in the interests of the civilian local population, without any intention of interfering with military objectives.
	www.icrc.org /Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/D77F0DDDEE02B26AC1256DB1004BAC41?OpenDocument&Style=Custo_Final.3&View=defaultBody3 (13143 words)

	Defense (military) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In military science, defense (or defence) is the art of preventing an enemy from conquering territory.
		Defense may also be a euphemism for war, such as "Ministry of Defence".
		In local conflicts it is generally true that defenders have an advantage over attackers, since they may have the ability to make preparations for the battle, such as laying obstacles or preparing positions such as trenches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defense_(military) (147 words)

	Norwegian Defence: Military Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Normally, military service starts during the year a male Norwegian citizen reaches 19 years of age, and lasts to the end of the year he reaches 44 years.
		Women who are unemployed upon completion of military service, have the same right to a daily unemployment allowance as men who have completed their service.
		The Spokesman System is the cooperative organization which assembles all representatives for the conscripts, and representatives of the administrative and military leadership at all levels of the Defence Sector.
	odin.dep.no /fd/html/fakta1999/eng/services.html (2174 words)

	Denmark.dk: Official website - Denmark - Defence and Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 1950, the USA embarked on its military assistance programme to countries including Denmark, and a thorough reorganisation of the military and political control of defence was carried out that same year.
		The Danish defence forces are empowered to take part in the allianceâs crisis control in distant parts with forces sufficient to demonstrate the solidarity of alliance members through their presence in a country under threat.
		The higher levels of command in the defence forces are organised in such a way that in peacetime the Chief of Defence, responsible to the Minister of Defence, has command of the army, navy and air force.
	denmark.dk /portal/page?_pageid=374,520479&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (1549 words)

	Invincible Defense Technology Command Center
		Maharishi Supreme Military Science is a proposed new prevention-oriented defense paradigm based on the ancient science of consciousness, described in part in the Vedic literature of India.
		One objection that traditional military scholars might have to identifying friction and stress in collective consciousness might be that, for von Clausewitz, friction applied to war, not to peacetime.
		Later, the outside military forces were reviled and persecuted by many civilians who had earlier pleaded for their help in delivering and safeguarding their lives, food, and supplies (Lorenz, 1993; McMullen and Norton, 1993; Taw and Hoffman, 1994).
	www.davidleffler.com /doctoraldissertation.html (12912 words)

	Jane's Defence Weekly Latest Articles
		New Zealand is set to reform its military justice system with the tabling in parliament of new legislation on 15 March.
		Australia's Defence Materiel Organisation (DMO) has said that current slippages in defence projects are being caused by "risk related to foreign industry's capacity to meet...
		Jane's Defence Weekly is the IDEX 2007 official publication.
	jdw.janes.com (924 words)

	Military Archives - The Irish Defence Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Located in Cathal Brugha Barracks, Rathmines, Dublin 6, the Military Archives is the place of deposit for the records of the Department of Defence, the Defence Forces and the Army Pensions Board under the terms of Section 14 of the National Archives Act 1986.
		The function of the archive is to collect, preserve, and make available material relating to the history of the development of the Defence Forces from the formation of the Irish Volunteers in November 1913 to the present day, inclusive of overseas service with the United nations from 1958.
		The collection known as the Bureau of Military History (1913-21) comprising 1773 witness statements, 334 sets of contemporaneous documents, photographs, (including, action sites of Easter 1916) press-cuttings and voice recordings, compiled in the 1950's is scheduled for release in 2002.
	www.military.ie /military_archives/index.html (190 words)

	Defence Systems - Military еquipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Designed to protect vital administrative, industrial and military installations from all types of air attack weapons within a full range of their combat employment.
		Designed for effective defence of vital facilities of the state and its armed forces against mass strikes by modem and future aircraft, strategic cruise missiles, tactical and theatre ballistic missiles, and other air attack weapons over a full range of altitudes and speeds in heavy ECM environments.
		The universal mobile multichannel Favorit air defence missile system is a follow-on of the S-300 PMU1 ADM system and 83M6E command and control system and is distinguished by improved technical and operational characteristics.
	www.defensys.ru /products_eng.htm (1943 words)

	MAHARISHI'S SUPPREME MILITARY SCIENCE--INVINCIBLE DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY
		In the tradition of military pioneers, military leaders might be well advised to anticipate the changes that could occur after widespread implementation of this promising human resource-based technology.
		Lengthy military commitments designed to win conflicts are being replaced by short-term deployments intended to prevent them."[vi] The military particularly in the United States is being called upon to maintain effectiveness despite cutbacks.
		Later, the outside military forces were reviled and persecuted by many civilians who had earlier pleaded for their help delivering and safeguarding their lives, food, and supplies.
	www.indiadefence.com /SupremeMilitaryi.htm (7656 words)

	Internet Resource Guide: Military Law
		The emphasis of this guide is on domestic military justice and operational law rather than on the international laws of war and overseas peacekeeping.
		A joint project of the Defence Legal Service and the Melbourne University Law School, the Centre aims to facilitate cooperation amongst military forces of the Asia Pacific Region in the research, training and implementation of the laws governing military operations.
		Defence of the indefensible?: Reassessing the constitutional validity of military service tribunals in Australia (AD Mitchell, T. Voon.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/intguide/law/militarylaw.htm (956 words)

	IPCS - Military & Defence
		The initial steps were taken when India endorsed the National Missile Defence programme unveiled by US President Bush during his speech at the National Defence University in May 2001.
		India is seen to have the young population to meet its growing global demands for military manpower.
		The US aim in promoting military ties is to develop joint capabilities and confidence, jointly confront multilateral security issues like protection of energy supplies and sea lanes, conduct peace-keeping exercises and combat terrorism.
	www.ipcs.org /Military_articles2.jsp?action=showView&kValue=2049&keyArticle=1017&status=article&mod=a (758 words)

	U.S. Department of Defense Official Website - 03/28/2006 - Former Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger
		They are military working dogs, and when traveling through USAREUR or guarding the Kaiserslautern military community, they now have a safe, secure place to bed down for the night.
		Military working dogs first entered the service in March of 1942 to serve in the Army’s K-9 Corps.
		Today, the dogs, who have an actual military service record book assigned to them, are still playing an active role in searching for explosives and seizing the enemy.
	www.defenselink.mil /home/features/2006/Working-Dogs/index.html (616 words)

	European Defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This European Defence Staff would provide France with the power to command a multinational land army of between 60,000 and 80,000 men who would "be the first to enter the theatre of an operation".
		The European Defence Staff, that is at present being put together, provides its competence to the CESDP, notably in the conduction of military operations undertaken by the Union in the management of crises.
		May 2003 the European military transport plane programme A400M was launched with the signature to purchase 180 machines from the Airbus consortium by 8 European countries (60 for Germany, 50 for France, 27 for Spain, 25 for the UK, 10 for Turkey).
	www.robert-schuman.org /supplement/sup190an.htm (3325 words)

	Self Defence Force
		The constitution prohibits Japan to maintain military forces and to lead war for settling international disputes.
		During the occupation of Japan by the Allied powers (1945-1952), however, the United States and Japanese conservatives were eager in re-establishing a defence force for Japan despite the anti-war article.
		It was argued that maintaining a force only for self defence would not contradict the constitution.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2138.html (155 words)

	Department of Defence - Home Page
		The Department of Defence is one of the Government Departments primarily concerned with ensuring the secure and stable environment necessary for economic growth and development.
		The Department has civil and military elements and was established by the Ministers and Secretaries Act, 1924, which assigns to it “the administration and business of the raising, training, organisation, discipline, maintenance, equipment, management, regulation and control according to law of the military defence forces”
		Released in February 2000, the White Paper sets out the policy on Defence for the next decade with a view to ensuring an appropriate level of defence capability having regard to the changing defence and security environment both at home and abroad.
	www.defence.ie (268 words)

	Greek defence industry catalogue: products and services for Defence industry in Greece (Hellas) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		MILITARY AND ARMOURED VEHICLES Armoured Personnel Carrier, Armoured Vehicles Iorries for military and civil use, Fire-Fighting vehicles, Cross Country 1/4 ton military Jeep, Buses and Armoured tank transporters.
		SEKPY is well informed on all matters concerning the Greek and international defence industry and is therefore specifically qualified to enable foreign military procurement agencies, government departments and industries to identify Greek defence manufacturers according to their specific requirements in defence material and service.
		In addition SEKPY assists international defence contractors to identify subcontractors in Greece for the implementation of their OFFSETS obligations and industrial co-operation.
	www.heldic.com (638 words)

	Army Technology - Constellation International - Asian Region Sourcing of Military and Defence Equipment
		The company's prime objective was to successfully participate in international military and defence business markets, and so far it has been able to accomplish its goals.
		We are proud to say that we can source most of our buyers' military and defence product requirements to maximum satisfaction levels through our extensive links with suppliers worldwide.
		This enables us to understand and satisfy their military and defence needs and requirements to the best possible level.
	www.army-technology.com /contractors/personal/constellation (496 words)

	Ministry of Defence - Information from the Ministry of Defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		(Brussels 23 May 2005) The Defence Ministers from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Estonia have today signed an agreement on the establishment of a so-called Battle Group to be placed at the disposal of the EU.
		(10.05.05) (Meeting of Nordic Defence Ministers, Joensuu, Finland, 10 May 2005) Norway, Sweden and Finland have reached agreement to collaborate in the establishment of a so-called “battlegroup” to be placed at the disposal of the EU.
		(3 March 2005) Defence Minister Kristin Krohn Devold declares that Norway is ready to agree to administrative arrangements between the European Defence Agency and the Ministry of Defence of The Kingdom of Norway, establishing a basis for practical cooperation.
	odin.dep.no /fd/engelsk/index-b-n-a.html (545 words)

	TUV Product Service - About Us, Accreditations, Appointments, Global Capability, History, Partnerships, Testimonials, ...
		TUV Product Service Limited has worked with the defence industry for over 50 years in the pursuit of high performance and reliability to ensure equipment operates as intended in the hostile environments encountered in any military scenario.
		However, the financial constraints that are being imposed on the manufacturer in the use of new technologies and the demand for COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) equipment, leads to difficulties in balancing performance versus cost.
		Military systems are evaluated using modern, fully compliant test facilities to simulate vibration, shock, climatic conditions, dust ingress and for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), TEMPEST, radiation hazards (RADHAZ) and nuclear survivability.
	www.tuvps.co.uk /military-industry.asp (926 words)

	Global Defence Review : Military communications
		Trunk systems are ideal for connecting to computer data links to allow real-time or live transmission of data such as air defence radar pictures to different command posts or air defence missile batteries.
		A major growth area in military communications has been in the use of satellite to provide strategic links over long distances or to supplement terrestrial-based communications systems.
		In peacekeeping operations where the local telephone infrastructure has been destroyed or warring factions prevent access for radio rebroadcast or trunk nodes, satellite links provide a means to bounce communications up into space and down to where they are needed.
	www.global-defence.com /1997/MilitaryCommunications.html (1023 words)

	Defence Intelligence Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Defence Intelligence Organisation (DIO) is an intelligence assessment agency that provides services and advice at the national level.
		Its mandate is to support Defence and Government decision-making and assist with the planning and conduct of Australian Defence Force operations.
		DIO is responsible for assessing military intelligence that focuses on global security activity, terrorism, defence economics, military capabilities, and science and technology that has military applications.
	www.defence.gov.au /dio (120 words)

	NATO Press Release (2001)173 - December 2001
		As Defence Ministers, we are especially concerned to ensure that the Alliance's military concepts evolve in keeping with our clearer appreciation of the menace posed by terrorism and that its defence capabilities are adequate for the demands they will face, including military responses to terrorism.
		As complements to civilian instruments, however, defence and military tools may be essential for a number of purposes including gathering intelligence; acting against terrorists and those who harbour them; protecting populations, infrastructure, and forces against their attacks; and dealing with the consequences of attacks that might nevertheless occur.
		The Alliance is already in a position to contribute significantly to the struggle against terrorism due to the ongoing transformation of its forces, military structures, and defence planning procedures that has been under way since the end of the Cold War.
	www.nato.int /docu/pr/2001/p01-173e.htm (1046 words)

	Army Technology - Iveco Defence Vehicles - Military Vehicles and Trucks
		Based in Bolzano, Northern Italy, the Defence Vehicle Division (DVD) supports a dedicated team of engineers specialising in the design and development of automotive solutions for armoured combat vehicles and the design, manufacture and marketing of tactical military trucks and personnel carriers.
		Robust, durable and built for use in the roughest of terrain the 40.10WM series is a range of lightweight 4x4 off road trucks utilising COTS components from the class leading Iveco Daily range of light trucks.
		IvecoAstra trucks are in service in a wide range of uses with military users throughout the world, often in challenging environmental and operational conditions.
	www.army-technology.com /contractors/vehicles/iveco (744 words)

	Military News: Defence & Aerospace Publishing Services Switzerland
		DAPSS S.A. specialises in providing defense and aerospace industry business intelligence, international military requirements analysis, governments' budget and contract information, international military hardware inventories and in-depth consulting services, in order to keep its customers one step ahead of the competition.
		MPI is now the world's No.1 defence business intelligence newsletter, with paying subscribers in defence ministries, intelligence agencies, industry, consultancies and financial institutions in more than 50 countries.
		Subjects have ranged from restructuring of the European aerospace and defence industry, through military and civil communications systems in Asia, to international market research for specific new defence products.
	www.dapss.com /index.htm (359 words)

	Untitled Document
		Aimed at mental health professionals working within the Australian Defence Force, it is designed to provide a central resource and repository of information, resources and the latest newsworthy articles.
		Whilst the site is not officially linked in any way to the Department of Defence, it is hoped that contributors and subscribers to the site will include those currently either serving or working within the Australian defence military psychology arena.
		Centrelink and the Department of Defence are reported to be providing both Social Workers and Psychologists to the Operation, both in-country and back home in Australia.
	www.ozmilitarypsychology.com (344 words)

	Cuba wraps up military defence exercises to prepare for potential US attack - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The activities, called the Strategic Bastion 2004 Exercise, were aimed at evaluating how prepared Cuban society is to face possible military action against Cuba during a second term by US President George W Bush.
		State-run newspapers reported yesterday that the exercises were a success, and that Cuba's "capacity to resist and overcome an imperialist aggression" was demonstrated.
		Cubans from defence organizations that include much of the general population participated as well as defence forces of the Interior Ministry, which oversees internal security.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20041219T220000-0500_71707_OBS_CUBA_WRAPS_UP_MILITARY_DEFENCE_EXERCISES_TO_PREPARE_FOR_POTENTIAL_US_ATTACK.asp (577 words)

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