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Topic: Defense Support Program

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	Defense Support Program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, one DSP satellite was launched using the space shuttle on mission STS-44 (November 24, 1991).
		The first launch of a DSP satellite was on 6 November 1970 and since then it has become the mainstay of the United States ballistic missile early warning system.
		The satellites' effectiveness was demonstrated during Desert Storm, when DSP detected the launch of Iraqi Scud missiles and provided warning to civilian populations and coalition forces in Israel and Saudi Arabia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defense_Support_Program (741 words)

	Defense Support Program
		The Defense Support Program (DSP) is a survivable and reliable satellite-borne system that uses infrared detectors to sense heat from missile plumes against the earth background, to detect and report in real-time missile launches, space launches and nuclear detonations.
		DSP F-6R, launched in 1984, DSP F-5R, launched in 1987, and DSP-I F-14, launched in 1989, were the primary operational spacecraft.
		The DSP-I (Improved) satellites, of which spacecraft 14 through 25 were on order in early 1989 with options for 26 through 28 under consideration,(5) will incorporate the upgraded sensors of the SEDS satellites, as well as improved resistance to laser attack.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/systems/dsp.htm (1380 words)

	IR Eyes High in the Sky
		The ARPA program consisted mainly of system studies and various measurement programs to characterize the infrared properties of ballistic missiles and the backgrounds against which they would have to be observed.
		In the course of those observations, Program 461 sensors produced a substantial database on the clutter created by the scanning of the Earth-cloud backgrounds, information also needed for the optimization of the DSP sensors, the development of which was commencing at that time.
		A key feature of the DSP design (insisted upon by the Aerospace advisors to the Air Force), was the absence of moving elements in the sensor optics, elements that enormously simplified the bore sighting and precise attitude determination.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/summer2000/03.html (4505 words)

	Space Shuttle program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Shuttle program was formally launched on January 5, 1972, when President Nixon announced that NASA would proceed with the development of a reusable Space Shuttle system.
		During the lengthy development program, Rocketdyne determined the engine was capable of safe reliable operation at 104% of the originally specified thrust.
		The total cost of the program has been $145 billion as of early 2005, and is estimated to be $174 billion when the Shuttle retires in 2010.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Space_Shuttle_program (5635 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Titan Launch Report \| Defense Support Program
		DSP satellites use infrared sensors to detect heat from missile and booster plumes against the earth's background.
		During the 1991 war with Iraq, Defense Support Program satellites detected the launch of Iraqi SCUD ballistic missiles fired against coalition forces in Saudi Arabia or at civilian targets in the State of Israel.
		The DSP satellites provided the United Nations coalition forces and citizens in the State of Israel and the country of Saudi Arabia several minutes warning to prepare for incoming ballistic missile warhead impact.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /titan/b31/010726dsp.html (1157 words)

	TRW Ships Defense Satellite To Cape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		DSP serves the nation as an orbiting sentry 22,300 miles above the Earth, using infrared sensors to detect and provide early warning of strategic and tactical ballistic missile launches and nuclear explosions.
		DSP satellites have exceeded their specified design lives by 125 percent through five upgrade programs.
		DSP satellites detected SCUD launches during the 1991 Gulf War, and post-event data reduction shows they have detected forest fires, detonations, explosions and other natural events.
	www.terradaily.com /news/satcom-98n.html (279 words)

	Aerojet Awarded Defense Support Program Consolidation Contract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The DSP is a reliable satellite-borne system that detects and reports on real-time missile launches, space launches and nuclear detonations.
		Aerojet will ensure the DSP sensor will meet contractual requirements for launch, and that each orbiting sensor, and the accompanying database for the ground data system, are configured to optimize constellation performance.
		DSP satellites have exceeded their specified design through five upgrade programs.
	www.aerojet.com /program/news/nr_092496_aerojet_awarded_dsp_consolidation_contract.html (314 words)

	DSP (Defence Support Program) Program
		The DSP program is the U.S. military's early warning system for the detection of long range ballistic missile launches and nuclear detonations.
		DSP satellites were used during the Persian Gulf War to detect Iraqi Scud missile launches.
		The DSP system is controlled from Scott AFB, Missouri, with stations at Guam Island, Pine Gap, Australia, and Nurrangar, Australia.
	samadhi.jpl.nasa.gov /msl/Programs/dsp.html (113 words)

	Factsheets : Defense Support Program Satellites : Defense Support Program Satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		DSP satellites use an infrared sensor to detect heat from missile and booster plumes against the earth’s background.
		The program came to life with the first launch of a DSP satellite in the early 1970s.
		DSP’s effectiveness was proven during Desert Storm, when DSP detected the launch of Iraqi Scud missiles and provided warning to civilian populations and coalition forces in Israel and Saudi Arabia.
	www.af.mil /factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=96 (434 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Titan Launch Report \| Defense Support Program
		The DSP constellation is operated from the Space Based Infrared Systems (SBIRS) Mission Control Station (MCS) at Buckley Air Force Base, Colo. The SBIRS program office at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif. plans to launch the two remaining satellites by 2005.
		During the 1991 war with Iraq, Defense Support Program satellites detected the launch of Iraqi SCUD ballistic missiles fired against coalition forces in Saudi Arabia and at civilian targets in Israel.
		The DSP satellites provided the United Nations coalition forces and citizens in the nations of Israel and Saudi Arabia several minutes warning to prepare for incoming ballistic missile warhead impact.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /titan/b39/040210dsp.html (1547 words)

	Aerospace Corporation Long-term Program Support - 1980's
		Aerospace continued to support the program during the 1980s and participated in the development of the GPS control system at the Consolidated Space Operations Center (CSOC) at Falcon (now Schriever) Air Force Base, Colorado.
		During the 1980s Aerospace supported development and testing of DMSP satellites and developed technical requirements to define a program and satellite baseline to meet DOD requirements beyond the year 2000.
		Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites are a key part of North America's early warning systems.
	www.aero.org /programs/timeline/ltps-80s.html (780 words)

	Fact Sheet - DEFENSE SUPPORT PROGRAM SATELLITES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The original DSP satellite weighed 2,000 pounds and had 400 watts of power, 2,000 detectors and a design life of 1.25 years.
		Typically, DSP satellites are launched into geosynchronous orbit on a Titan IV booster and inertial upper stage combination.
		However, one DSP satellite was launched using the space shuttle on mission STS-44 (Nov. 24, 1991).
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/space/factsheets/dsp.htm (414 words)

	The Air Force and Missile Defense
		USAF also is cast for a major support role, providing the means for the complex task of commanding and controlling US forces engaged in finding missiles, monitoring their status, detecting their launch, and shooting them down.
		A crucial part of the Air Force role in missile defense is the contribution of its sensors, and the centerpiece of that effort is a new advanced satellite constellation being built to replace the DSP satellites.
		DSP satellites were used successfully in the Gulf War to help Patriot missile batteries target Iraqi Scud missiles, but the data transfer rate from Cheyenne Mountain AS, Colo., where US Space Command received the satellite information, was slow.
	www.afa.org /magazine/feb1996/0296missile.asp (2392 words)

	Why Missle Defense Won't Work
		The objective of G.W. Bush's Missile Defense program is to develop and maintain a system that will protect the United States and its allies against limited ballistic missile threats, including accidental or unauthorized launches and "rouge nation" threats.
		The missile defense system would use whichever system is in place when a deployment decision is made and can use a combination of the two if the transition is still in progress.
		SBIRS is currently being developed by the Air Force independently of the missile defense program as part of the early warning satellite system upgrade which would replace the Defense Support Program satellites.
	www.area51zone.com /abm/index2.shtml (1051 words)

	AIR FORCE TO LAUNCH DEFENSE SUPPORT PROGRAM SATELLITE FRIDAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This is the 19th "DSP" satellite built by TRW of Redondo Beach, Calif., and GenCorp Aerojet of Azusa, Calif., for the Air Force since 1970.
		The DSP houses 6,000 detectors based on mercury cadmium telluride infrared sensors, and the solar panels onboard the satellite are capable of generating a total of 1,274 watts of power.
		DSP satellites have been launched atop the Titan III and IV family of launch vehicles; one was launched aboard the Space Shuttle.
	www.losangeles.af.mil /SMC/PA/Releases/1999/NR9905.htm (1046 words)

	Global Beat: National Missile Defense Policy
		This is because defenses render less credible any possible attempts by a rogue state adversary to use ballistic missiles armed with weapons of mass destruction to coerce the United States into holding back from supporting a friend or ally that the rogue state threatens with attack.
		Defenses from such attacks can therefore reinforce the commitment of the United States to support our allies and friends from NATO to Israel, to the Persian Gulf, to Northeast Asia in the event they face a direct military threat from a rogue state.
		Whatever the merits of the prior SDI plans for a massive defense against a deliberate Soviet attack, the fact is that the system we would deploy is completely different from a large-scale territorial defense against each other that greatly concerned the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
	www.bu.edu /globalbeat/usdefense/Slocombe1199.html (3439 words)

	Bad time to invest in U.S. missile defense program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		While Missile Defense Agency officials have characterized the last two failures as based on “minor” problems, it seems to me that given the fact that we mastered silo-based ICBMs nearly half a century ago, the failures are representative of a serious problem with the program: lack of proper oversight, testing and quality control.
		The MKV program is currently focused on launching of numerous small kill vehicles, each weighing about five kilograms, from the ground, but the technology also has been touted by many for basing in space – similar to the former Brilliant Pebbles program.
		The NFIRE program is based on small satellites designed to pass close by a target missile and image the plume in order to gather data necessary for allowing future SBIs to distinguish between the plume and the rocket body itself.
	www.cdi.org /program/document.cfm?DocumentID=3253&from_page=../index.cfm (2441 words)

	Missile Defense Secrecy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To have a comprehensive discussion of missile defense has become much more complicated, over the past year and a half, because of the Administration's plan to develop a layered system consisting of boost phase, midcourse, and terminal phase elements with land, sea, air and space-based components.
		This is not to imply that the program has made no progress at all in the last year or two; but rather that the progress has not been as rapid as planned, nor as rapid as the simple numbering of the tests would imply.
		Key elements of the Administration's missile defense program already have fallen too far behind to be effective in a layered missile defense capability to defend the United States against ICBMs by 2003-2008.
	www.cdi.org /missile-defense/Coyle-testimony-061102-pr.cfm (3897 words)

	Reconnaissance Satellite Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In the United States, the most information is available on programs that existed up to 1972.
		Some information about programs prior to that time is still classified, and a small trickle of information is available on subsequent missions.
		A few up-to-date reconnaissance satellite images have been declassified on occasion, or leaked, as in the case of KH-11 photographs which were sent to Jane's Defence Weekly in 1985.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Reconnaissance_satellite (302 words)

	Missile defense system called far from ready (1/8/04)
		For the scheduled initial operations, the system is expected to use Defense Support Program satellites already operating for early warning missions.
		The difference between the Defense Support Program satellites and STSS satellites is "orders of magnitude," said John Pike of Globalsecurity.org.
		Defense Support Program satellites "basically lose the target after burnout," he said.
	www.govexec.com /dailyfed/0104/010804gsn1.htm (885 words)

	C4ISRJournal.com - Pentagon Scales Back SBIRS Program
		At the same time, however, the follow-on program will not be as ambitious as SBIRS in terms of performance relative to its predecessor, officials said.
		Kenneth Krieg, undersecretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics, informed Congress in writing Dec. 12 of the Pentagon’s decision to buy no more than three SBIRS satellites, with the third to be contingent on the performance of the first.
		There is no staring capability on the Defense Support Program satellites, and the Air Force last year began looking into the possibility of dropping it from the SBIRS design as well.
	www.isrjournal.com /story.php?F=1446211 (988 words)

	GenCorp Aerojet Defense Support Program Granted 100% Post Production Award Fee From Air Force
		DSP Production and CTPP Work Also Earn High Marks AZUSA, Calif., Nov. 16 /PRNewswire/ -- GenCorp Aerojet's Defense Support Program (DSP) was awarded a 100 percent award fee from the U.S. Air Force for the team's Post Production work for the period of October 1997 through September 1998.
		The DSP satellite system reliably detects and reports real-time missile launches, space launches and nuclear detonations, serving as a valuable early- warning system for the nation's defenses.
		The company is now focusing its DSP work on a post-production support contract, worth $264.7 million through 2001, as well as a sensor retrofitting contract that expires in 1999.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-16-1998/0000804289&EDATE= (395 words)

	Northrop Grumman > NGST > Capabilities > Missile Defense > Defense Support Program
		The Northrop Grumman-built Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites have been the spaceborne segment of NORAD's Tactical Warning and Attack Assessment system since 1970.
		DSP satellites have exceeded their specified design lives by some 125 percent through five upgrades, proving the viability of evolutionary growth.
		DSP meets the changing threats of a dynamic world within the realities of a shrinking defense budget.
	www.st.northropgrumman.com /capabilities/missile_defense/defense_support.html (202 words)

	Northrop Grumman - Missile Defense - Galleries
		DSP satellites have continuously proven their utility over their long operational life, most recently in Operation Iraqi Freedom where they reported on static infrared events and high explosive events.
		DSP Undergoes Spin Balance TestNorthrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE:NOC) engineers and technicians are shown performing deployment tests on Defense Support Program Flight 22’s solar array paddles in a manufacturing high bay.
		DSP satellites provide early detection and warning of missile launches and nuclear explosions to the NORAD and operational command.
	www.northropgrumman.com /missiledefense/galleries/DSP.html (348 words)

	DEFENSE SUPPORT PROGRAM FACT SHEET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Historically, DSP satellites have been launched atop the Titan III and IV family of launch vehicles; one was launched aboard the Space Shuttle.
		The development and acquisition of the Defense Support Program satellites is managed by the Space Based Infrared System Program Office at the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (Air Force Materiel Command) at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif.
		The Lockheed Martin Astronautics Titan launch vehicle, The Boeing Company's Inertial Upper Stage and the TRW and Aerojet built satellite are integrated at Cape Canaveral Air Station Florida by the 45th Space Wing's 3rd Space Launch Squadron.
	www.losangeles.af.mil /SMC/PA/Fact_Sheets/dsp_fs.htm (880 words)

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