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Topic: Defensive war

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Preventive war

Just War

War of aggression

Preemptive war

World War II

Bush Doctrine

Grundgesetz

UNOMIG

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Kosovo

GDR

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1990

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	Defense (military) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In military science, defense (or defence) is the art of preventing an attack, or minimizing the damage of an attack, e.g.
		Defense may also be a euphemism for war, such as Ministry or Department of Defense, although this does not carry the negative connotation of war.
		During the Cold War, the defence of most countries was dominated either by the United States or by the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defense_(military) (412 words)

	Society of St. Pius X - District of Australia and New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Even if war is declared by the proper authority and there is sufficient reason for it, those who take part in the war are guilty of sin if they have evil motives such as the exercise of cruelty, revenge, pride, hatred, envy or avarice.
		Hence it is not lawful to go to war for the glory of a ruler or of a nation; the enlargement of one's territory; the advantage that may be gained over a commercial rival; the preservation of the balance of power; or the prevention of difficulties at home.
		They should not proceed to offensive war, if their cause remains doubtful, unless the other side provokes war by refusing peaceful settlement; but if they are in possession they have the right to make defensive war.
	www.sspx.com /?JustificationWar (6985 words)

	The Hidden Costs of War - by Ron Paul
		War unfortunately allows the enemies of liberty to justify the sacrifice of personal freedoms, and the people all too often carelessly sacrifice precisely what they are supposed to be fighting for: freedom.
		The borrowing authority of governments permits wars to be started and prolonged that otherwise would be resisted if the true costs were known to the people from the beginning.
		The tragedy of trade wars is that they frequently lead to military wars between nations, and until the wealth is consumed and young men are no longer available to fight and die, the process will cost plenty.
	www.antiwar.com /paul/?articleid=6330 (4606 words)

	The Moral Theology on War
		War is defined as a state of conflict between two or more sovereign nations carried on by force of arms.
		She has always labored for the promotion of peace or for the lessening of the evils of wars that could not be prevented; but her official declarations and the writings of the Fathers and Doctors show that she recognized that recourse to arms by nations is not necessarily sinful.
		Even if war is declared by the proper authority and there is a sufficient reason for it, those who take part in the war are guilty of sin if they have evil motives, such as the exercise of cruelty, revenge, pride, or avarice.
	www.truecatholic.org /war-moraltheology.htm (6861 words)

	The End of the Cold War: Defensive or Offensive Realism?
		Defensive realism predicts that when leaders feel threatened and insecure, they will tend to increase their security by pursuing ambitious military and diplomatic strategies.
		Brown argues that Reagan had an invested interest in pursuing a Star Wars program, and he never put that on the bargaining table with the Soviets, much to their dismay; it was, after all, his "trump" card.
		Defensive realism also predicts that in the face of an external threat, the government will be able to mobilize economic, military and human resources.
	www.indyflicks.com /danielle/papers/paper03.htm (1808 words)

	The Hidden Cost of War
		The great danger of war, especially unnecessary war, is that it breeds more dependency while threatening liberty-- always allowing the state to grow regardless of existing attitudes before the war.
		The borrowing authority of governments permit wars to be started and prolonged which otherwise would be resisted if the true cost were known to the people from the beginning.
		An unpopular war especially needs this deception as a method of payment, hiding the true costs which are dispersed and delayed through this neat little monetary trick.
	usabig.com /autonomist/articles8/war.html (4604 words)

	Gregory Zinoviev: Wars - Defensive and Aggressive 3 (1916)
		Greco-Turkish war (defeat of the Greeks; the Isle of Crete obtains autonomy in 1898).
		War is the product of commercial conflicts; the aim of war – to impose upon the enemy those economic conditions one considers necessary for oneself.
		Whether defense or the necessity of a strategic position is alleged as the cause of war, whether treaties must be violated or similar reasons play a part – in the long run everything has its origin in commercial interests.
	www.marxists.org /archive/zinoviev/works/1916/war/war3.htm (4253 words)

	Chapter Offence and Defence of On War by Clausewitz
		Another advantage arising from the nature of war and belonging to it exclusively, is the aid afforded by locality or ground; this is one of which the defensive form has a preferential use.
		It is therefore just as much in contradiction with the conception of war to suppose the defensive the ultimate object of the war as it was a contradiction to understand passivity to belong to all the parts of the defensive, as well as to the defensive as a whole.
		In other words: a war in which victories are merely used to ward off blows, and where there is no attempt to return the blow, would be just as absurd as a battle in which the most absolute defence (passivity) should everywhere prevail in all measures.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/61/108/20884/1.html (474 words)

	Legal Definition of War
		Civil war is that which is waged between two parties, citizens or members of the same state or nation.
		War is offensive on the part of that government which commits the first act of violence; it is defensive on the part of that government which receives such act; but it is very difficult to say what is the first act of violence.
		To legalize a war it must be declared by that branch of the government entrusted by the Constitution with this power.
	www.lectlaw.com /def2/w038.htm (262 words)

	The First Casualty of War
		Wars are that awful, and anyone who tells you otherwise is a fool or a fraud.
		A defensive war by nature appeals to the soldier's self-interest and to his love of others.
		In a defensive war, both of these motivations are provided by nature and supported by traditional moral instruction.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/black1.html (1203 words)

	Conscription – The Terrible Price of War, by Ron Paul
		The dollar cost of the current war is already staggering, yet plans are being made to drastically expand the human cost by forcing conscription on the young men (and maybe women) who have no ax to grind with the Iraqi people and want no part of this fight.
		It was encouraged by war profiteering, a desire to control natural resources (oil), and a Neo-con agenda of American hegemony with the goal of redrawing the borders of the countries of the Middle East.
		War is never economically beneficial except for those in position to profit from war expenditures.
	www.antiwar.com /paul/paul83.html (1564 words)

	First World War.com - Feature Articles - Germany During World War One
		Hindenburg was a veteran of the wars in 1866 and 1870.
		As the war continued and was becoming more and more a war of attrition, the SPD, who were already opposed to an offensive war, split into three groups: the Independent Socialists, the SPD and the International Socialists.
		The war was probably looked at from the point of view of a country that had never lost a major conflict.
	www.firstworldwar.com /features/germanyduringww1.htm (5186 words)

	What If India Wins The War With Pakistan
		The 1948 and 1965 wars with Pakistan, and the 1962 war with China as well as the recent conflict at Kargil were purely defensive in nature.
		It is an attempt to define the objective of a war with Pakistan.
		A war is fought by the country as a whole and not just by its leaders or army.
	www.samarthbharat.com /warpurpose.htm (1510 words)

	Should You Be Preparing a 'War' Portfolio?
		In the aftermath of September 11, military strikes in Afghanistan, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the threat of war with Iraq, suggestions for defensive “war” portfolios have begun to appear.
		One defensive war portfolio found on the Internet calls for 70 percent U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit, 10 percent precious coins, 10 percent defense-industry stocks, and 5 percent each of Swiss francs and New Zealand dollars.
		But one of the problems, point out others, is that this particular “war” portfolio has been recommended for the past six years—the first four of which saw record stock market growth.
	www.yeske.com /articles/fpa/war_portfolio.htm (699 words)

	The Just War Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He says, "'A just war is wont to be described as one that avenges wrongs, when a nation or state has to be punished, for refusing to make amends for the wrongs inflicted by its subjects, or to restore what it has seized unjustly.'"(4) The intention of the war is very important for St. Augustine.
		Although St. Augustine introduced the idea of a just war and the Middle Ages furthered its cause, it was not until the 16th and 17th centuries that a complete theory, which included the proper waging of a war, was established.
		War is limited by the immunity of noncombatants and the general principle of proportionality.
	www.monksofadoration.org /justwar.html (4584 words)

	What if the Confederacy fought a true defensive war? - Dispatch Depot Message Board
		I don't believe that a purely defensive war was possible in the western theater.
		There are some who suggest that the confederates should have adopted the strategy of the armies of the War of Independance and relied on avoiding general battles, while keeping the pressure on by small, targeted engagements, till the "agressor" was too 'worn out' or had lost his politcal/popular backing to continue with the war.
		However if the CS armies could move on the "strategic offensive," but the "tactical defensive" that is set up situations where the Yankees are attacking Rebel entrenchments, but in areas of the Rebel's choosing, that would be the most advantageous to the South, a series of Fredericksburgs.
	civilwartalk.com /forums/showthread.php?t=24388 (979 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The First Battle of the Isonzo, 1915
		In short, the Austro-Hungarian army (under Eugen and Boroevic) prepared solely for a defensive war - and possession of the mountains along the Isonzo greatly assisted them in their resolve.
		While hostilities along the Italian Front began officially in late May 1915 with Italy's formal entry into the war on the side of the Allies, preparations for battle had gone on for rather longer.
		In the preparation of trenches and defensive lines the Austro-Hungarians had a year's head start, having been in a state of war since late-July 1914.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/isonzo1.htm (797 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Special: US Defensive Grenades in WWI
		This War for Humanity also saw the first widespread deployment machine guns, barbed wire and the introduction of the lumbering armored tank.
		The defensive grenade on the other hand was designed to project fragments up to 100 yards from the point of explosion.
		Although applying the same zeal to re-tooling enabled the phenomenal war time production figure of 17,447,245 completed grenades by Nov. 11, 1918 the US grenade was not available for the final campaigns of the Great War.
	www.worldwar1.com /sfusdg.htm (1840 words)

	FT June/July 2002: Jihad and Just War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In theory, this mainstream conception of defense respects the patterns of relationships within the society as well as the limits to be observed in fighting, the most important of which are understood to come from the Prophet Muhammad himself.
		To be sure, the early Abbasid jurists also thought the relation of the Islamic and non—Islamic worlds to be one of inherent conflict, and their notion of the collective warfare aimed at ensuring the eventual submission of the entire world to God reflected this.
		While the idea of just war is deeply rooted in Western culture, it is perhaps more strongly institutionalized today in international law, in American military doctrine and practice, and even in political culture than at any time since the age of Vitoria.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft0206/opinion/johnson.html (2007 words)

	Defensive war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A defensive war is one of the causes that justify war by the criteria of The Just War tradition.
		In the view of Carl von Clausewitz and others, defense has the advantage over offense with the downside that it is more limited in what can be achieved.
		An example of defensive war is the battle between German and Russian Armies in Operation Barbarossa in 1941.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defensive_war (110 words)

	Old War Dogs: Defensive Misgivings
		Recently at the Army’s annual Force Protection Conference I had the honor of speaking with a soldier who earned my immediate respect and admiration for the unique way in which he is continuing to serve his nation’s needs long after retiring from active duty.
		Wagner’s experiences there have convinced him and many others involved in caring for these veterans that these wounds of war affect not just the warriors but their families as well, and by extension their home communities.
		The Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs, already faced with budget constraints and mission limits, are ill equipped to deal with this societal mission creep.
	www.oldwardogs.us /2006/09/defensive_misgi.html (1117 words)

	ISN Security Watch - N Korean plans for defensive war
		The manual said that missiles would be readied in the event of an attack, but biochemical units would remain in a defensive posture.
		It instructed the military to build underground bunkers for government offices and military units and detailed the operation of a military-run bank to house the "enemy's jewelry," such as stocks and currency.
		It covers: global political developments, conflicts, defense and security issues, arms control and disarmament, and international relations Journalists and researchers around the world provide an excellent source of news and analysis on the most important issues, events, and debates of our day.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?id=10503 (633 words)

	The Right Track » A Defensive War on Terror? Can’t Be Done!
		That means a declaration of war as the Constitution intended, not the ineffective way we’ve had of doing things since Korea.
		I would think that the best way to fight the war would be to target — perhaps through assassination — leaders of countries who advocate the use of terrorism as a means of advancing Islam.
		We need to be waging a “War on Militant Islam”, because waging a “War on Terror” might lead to the same end envisioned by Justice Jackson.
	www.righttrack.us /2006/08/10/a-defensive-war-on-terror-cant-be-done (1014 words)

	Thoughts on Defensive War - Thomas Paine
		Could the peaceable principle of the Quakers be universally
		established, arms and the art of war would be wholly extirpated: But we live
		Lord Sandwich, is a clear demonstration of the justice of defense arms.
	www.thomaspaine.org /Archives/def.html (806 words)

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