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Topic: Defensor pacis

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	Defensor pacis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tract Defensor pacis (The Defender of Peace) laid the foundations of modern doctrines of sovereignty.
		It was written by Marsilius of Padua ("Marsiligio"), an Italian medieval scholar, in collaboration with the philosopher John of Jandun.
		Defensor pacis extends the tradition of Dante's Monarchia separating the secular State from religious authority.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Defensor_pacis (560 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Marsiligio of Padua: Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324
		Medieval Sourcebook: Marsiligio of Padua: Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324
		Marsiligio of Padua: Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324
		[Thatcher Introduction] Defensor Pacis is a treatise on politics written by Marsilius or Marsiglio, a canon of the church of Padua, in 1324.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/marsiglio1.html (1633 words)

	Marsilius of Padua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The reputation which he had gained in the physical sciences soon caused him to be raised to the position of rector of the university (for the first term of the year 1313).
		While still practicing medicine he entered into relations with another master of Paris, the philosopher John of Jandun, who collaborated with him in the composition of the famous Defensor pacis (1324), one of the most extraordinary political and religious works which appeared during the Fourteenth century.
		To see a king of the Romans crowned emperor at Rome, not by the pope, but by those who claimed to be the delegates of the people (January 17, 1328), to see John XXII.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua (561 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the present work he turns to the early fourteenth century author of the Defensor pacis, a text of profound importance in the history of human freedom, however reviled by orthodox churchmen.
		This fascinating work was summarized and restated in Defensor minor (1340), which is presented first in this edition, while the text that follows, De translatione Imperii, a historical survey of the origins and development of the Roman Empire, actually dates from an earlier period (mid 1320s).
		When it became clear he had authored the antipapalist Defensor pacis (1324-26) he had to flee to the court of Ludwig of Bavaria, the controversial emperor who in time lent his protection to several prominent heretics and persecuted figures, and who himself had been recently excommunicated by John XXII (the pope in Avignon).
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmmr/bmmr-9409-cormier-writings.txt (1119 words)

	John of Janduno
		John of Janduno (Johannes de Genduno, de Ganduno, and de Gandavo) and John of Gand (or less correctly, of Ghent) are now generally said to have been two different persons.
		The former was born about the year 1300, graduated in arts at the College of Navarre (University of Paris), wrote a work entitled "De Laudibus Parisiis," and, in collaboration with Marsilius of Padua, composed the celebrated "Defensor pacis," directed against Pope John XXII, for which the authors were condemned in 1327.
		John of Gand was born about 1270 or 1280, studied theology at the Sorbonne, and after having served as curé at Kieldrecht was made a canon of the cathedral of Paris.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/john_of_janduno.html (461 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Marsilius of Padua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Together they composed the "Defensor pacis" at Paris, and, about 1326, setting out for Germany, presented their work to the emperor.
		Regarding the relations between the emperor and the pope, it is maintained in the "Defensor Pacis", that the sovereign pontiff has no power over any man, except with the permission of the emperor; while the emperor has power over the pope and the general council.
		The influence of the "Defensor pacis" was disastrous, and Marsilius may well be reckoned one of the fathers of the Reformation.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09719c.htm (1509 words)

	Marsiglio of Padua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the political treatise Defensor Pacis, Marsiglio of Padua argues that the state, the most comprehensive and unifying human community, is superior to the church.
		As an advocate of conciliarism he maintained that supreme authority in the church belongs to a general council composed of both priests and lay members of the church.
		The Defensor Pacis anticipates themes of the Protestant Reformation and western democracy.
	demo.lutherproductions.com /historytutor/basic/medieval/people/marsiglio.htm (116 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		Little is known with certainty of his life except that he was rector of the Univ. of Paris c.1312.
		When Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV was seeking a theorist to assist him in his struggle with Pope John XXII, Marsilius composed a tract, Defensor pacis [the defender of peace], probably in collaboration with the Averroist John of Jandun.
		The Defensor pacis had a long life; John Gerson recommended it, and in England, during Henry VIII's fight with the church, Thomas Cromwell patronized its translation into English (1535).
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:marsiliu (277 words)

	[No title]
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	www.calweb.com /~mschulter/carminap.seq (1381 words)

	Marsilius of Padua: Defensor Pacis
		Defensor pacis [Defender of the Peace] is his most famous work.
		Separable powers are those which could be exercised by someone who is not clergy.
		From: Marsilius of Padua, Defensor Pacis, Part III, ch.
	www.thenagain.info /Classes/Sources/MarsiliusPadua.html (1292 words)

	Amazon.com: defensor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Defensor pacis by Marsilius of Padua, Cary J. Nederman, Alan Gewirth, and Marsilius of Padua (Paperback - May 15, 2001)
		The Defensor pacis of Marsiglio of Padua;: A critical study, (Harvard theological studies...
		Marsiglio of Padua: 'Defensor minor' and 'De translatione imperii' (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought) by Marsiglio of Padua and Cary J. Nederman (Paperback - Jun 25, 1993)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=defensor&page=1 (439 words)

	MARSILIUS OF PADUA [MA... - Online Information article about MARSILIUS OF PADUA [MA...
		election (May 12), all this was merely the application of principles laid down in the Defensor pacis.
		minor, Marsilius completed and elaborated in a curious manner certain points in the doctrine laid down in the Defensor pacis.
		good abstract of the Defensor pacis and the relations of Marsilius to other precursors of the Reformation.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MARSILIUS_OF_PADUA_MARSIGLIO_MA.html (1780 words)

	Printing in the Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		First printed edition of Marsilio of Padua’s political treaty Defensor pacis, written in the 1320’s.
		The book belonged to the University Library of Copenhagen, which was housed in the attic of the Church of the Holy Trinity.
		During the English bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807, some grenades fell through the roof, and ironically this book – The Defender of Peace – was among the ones that were hit.
	www.kb.dk /elib/mss/treasures/aeldste_trykte/tyskl_27420.htm (76 words)

	IP35120 - MEDIEVAL POLITICAL THEORY: AUGUSTINE, AQUINAS, AND MARSILIUS OF PADUA
		This module aims to provide students with an in dept understanding of the moral and political ideas of three seminal medieval thinkers: Augustine of Hippo, Thomas Aquinas, and Marsilius of Padua.
		Particular attention will be paid to questions pertaining to the justification of political authority, the purpose of the state, and the nature of law.
		Independent project work and problem solving will be one of the central goals of the module; the submission of an essay will require that the student develops independent research skills as well as problem solving skills.
	www.aber.ac.uk /modules/future/IP35120.html (935 words)

	index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Overview of Defensor Pacis or The Defender of Peace
		For Marsilius, there were two kinds of government: one that is ruled by the will or consent of the people, and one that is not.
		In 1324, with John of Jandun, he published Defensor Pacis, or Defender of the Peace, anonymously.
	www.smcm.edu /Users/rwgrim (563 words)

	Marsiglio of Padua: 'Defensor minor' and 'De translatione imperii' - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Marsiglio of Padua: 'Defensor minor' and 'De translatione imperii'
		The Defensor minor is a restatement and defence of the doctrines of Marsiglio's best known work, the Defensor pacis.
		De translatione imperii (On the Transfer of the Empire) is a form of appendix to the Defensor pacis, in which Marsiglio's general intellectual framework is applied to an historical assessment of the legitimacy of the exercise of imperial power by the German king outside the authorisation of the pope.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521408466 (295 words)

	Electric Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		His greatest word was Defensor Pacis, writtin in 1324.
		This work had a great influence on the political thought of the 14th century and later.
		They were roundly condemned by the Church, but the numerous references to Defensor Pacis show that it had a continuing influence.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/hy309/politics/intro2b.htm (404 words)

	Toleration and Freedom in Christian Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		His chief claim to fame is his work Defensor Pacis (The Defender of the Peace), published in 1324.
		The work challenged many commonly held medieval notions about church, state, and power, and it earned him the condemnation of the church and led to his excommunication.
		The Italy of Marsilius's day was not particularly peaceful, and one of his tasks in the Defensor Pacis was to ask why.
	www.samford.edu /~tsmcginn/tf/r8.html (274 words)

	Week 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Opvs insigne cvi titvlvm fecit avtor Defensorem pacis, quod questionem illam iam olim controuersam, De potestate papae et imperatoris excussissime tractet, profuturu[m] theologis, iureconsultis, in summa optimaru[m] literarum culto...
		Marsilius, of Padua, Defensor pacis, rationem ac modum, quo potissimum imperia, seu quæuis aliæ ciuiles hominum inter se societates optime continentur atque foederentur, citraque vllum seditionis and discordiæ metum firmentur, continens.
		Opus insigne cui titulum fecit autor Defensorem Pacis, quod questionem illam jam olim controversam, De potestate Papae et Imperatoris...
	www.history.upenn.edu /coursepages/hist342/Week07.htm (240 words)

	The Elfin Ethicist: Marsiglio of Padua
		Civil government exists to protect the community's temporal happiness, so the communal will is a better determinant of law than a particular will is. Rulers, according to this view, derive their authority from the election of the citizens.
		His 1324 work Defensor pacis (possibly co-written by John of Jandun) appeals to Aristotle for support:
		I say the weightier part, taking into consideration both the number of persons and their quality in the community for which the law is enacted.
	www.shadowcouncil.org /wilson/archives/005523.html (480 words)

	Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Speaking generally, the "defensor pacis" is a revolutionary document that may be considered first among those that point out the shortcomings of the church versus the government.
		Speaking generally, a recent translation of Aristotle's Politics in 1260 stirred up the political and philosophical beesnest.
		Among those he influenced and worked with was William of Ockham, one of the "Spiritual Franciscans", those who believed in the Aristotilian doctrine.
	www.smcm.edu /users/amwatters/Background.htm (398 words)

	Priests As Physicians of Souls in Marsilius of Padua's Defensor Pacis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Priests As Physicians of Souls in Marsilius of Padua's Defensor Pacis
		In the future when the historian sifts through the debris of our era, oversaturated with information, once the dross has been cast aside, more than a few of the things that remain will be bound in the covers of The Edwin Mellen Press.
		This study examines Marsilius' analysis of and response to the conflict between Christianity and the political life as he encounters it in the Middle Ages.
	www.mellenpress.com /mellenpress.cfm?bookid=2131&pc=9 (157 words)

	Project
		In his political philosophy he foreshadowed many of the central ideas about ethics, politics, conflict, and peace that became commonplace several centuries later.
		His Defensor pacis (”The Defender of the Peace”) is one of the Middle Ages’ most important works of political thought.
		Gerson Moreno-Riaño is one of the foremost authorities on Marsilius of Padua’s thought in the
	www.prio.no /page/Project_detail/Programme_detail_PRIO/9244/46511.html?PHPSESSID=51bb2dd8ab0407ed734c0c35364cf759 (188 words)

	Marsilius of Padua
		This week we read extracts from the Defensor Pacis (Defender of the Peace) of Marsilius of Padua.
		His Defensor pacis (The Defender of the Peace) criticises papal claims to fullness of power.
		For an analysis of the Defensor Pacis see Gewirth's introduction, pp.
	www.humanities.mq.edu.au /Ockham/y6707.html (3833 words)

	Absolutism and the Divine right of kings
		No prince, still more, no partial council or single person of any position, has full authority and control over other persons, laymen or clergy, without the authorization of the "legislator".
		Some of the conclusions from Marsilius of Padua, Defensor Pacis (1324).
		During the sixteenth century, France was torn apart by the Religious Wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-172.htm (1459 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Dorothy F. Donnelly was trained in Medieval and Renaissance Studies at Brandeis University, with a concentration on disparate notions of order and the effect these have had on the persistent historical tendency to conceptualize a determining ordering principle in the transforming ideal that is envisioned.
		In the development of her particular theoretical approach, she has authored numerous articles, published in the major journals in her field, on such diverse writers and works as Plato's Republic, Augustine's De Civitate Dei, Thomas Aquinas's writings on the body politic, Dante's De Monarchia, Marsilius's Defensor Pacis, More's Utopia and Bacon's New Atlantis.
		Her most recent book, Patterns of Order and Utopia, was published by St. Martin's Press in 1999.
	www.uri.edu /artsci/eng/English/facstaff/donnelly (382 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		2.The Impact of Marsilius :Papalist Reactions to the Defensor Pacis, Thomas Turley
		7.Heart and Soul of the State:Some Remarks concerning Medieval Theory of Medecine in Marsilius of Padua’s Defensor Pacis, Alexander Aichele
		9.The Argument from Authority in Marsilius of Padua´s Defensor Pacis, Floriano Jonas Cesar
	www.uni.edu /~utz/disputatio/vol5.html (259 words)

	SSBN 739 Nebraska
		Its main color is red highlighted with a gold trident spear.
		Supporting the shield on either side are two corn stalks interlaced with a scroll in blue, displaying the motto "Defensor Pacis," or Defender of Peace-inscribed in white letters.
		Dark blue and gold are the colors traditionally associated with the U.S. Navy.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/agency/ssbn-739.htm (854 words)

	JCSS - International Affairs Links
		ISIS science and policy issues, focusing on stopping the spread of nuclear weapons; has two projects: the Non-Proliferation project, the Nuclear Weapon Production project.
		PACIS Defense Analysis Institute reflects the Greek Ministry of Defense.
		EuroMeSCo network to encourage and manage dissemination and exchange of information on international and mediterranean issues.
	www.tau.ac.il /jcss/lia.html (214 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue
		Starting with an examination of the neglected evidence for Marsilius's life, and the contemporary response to his best-known work, the Defensor Pacis, this new study argues that such an interpretation is quite wrong.
		It shows that Marsilius was not a republican, but an imperialist; and that far from being a secular political theorist, his great work Defensor Pacis is underpinned by a profound Christian understanding of history as a providentially ordained process.
		Readership: Scholars and students of medieval political thought; intellectual historians; historians of canon law.
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199291564 (324 words)

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