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Topic: Defiance Campaign

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	defiance - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Age: Age will not be defied., Battles: I shall not rest quiet…, Colonialism: You may, if you like, cut us to pieces.
		Defiance College, The, private, coeducational institution in Defiance, Ohio, about 80 km (about 50 mi) southwest of Toledo.
		Defiance Campaign, in South Africa, the joint action of nonviolent demonstrations and civil disobedience organized by the African National Congress...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /defiance.html (90 words)

	I-War (Independence War) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An additional campaign was designed, packaged with the original game and released in 1999 as Independence War Deluxe Edition in North America and Independence War Special Edition in Europe.
		The campaign was linear in nature and consisted of a series of about 40 different scripted missions.
		Originally Defiance was supposed to be released as an expansion pack, but Infogrames decided they would prefer a special edition that would have both the new campaign and the original game in the same box.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/I-War_(Independence_War) (2634 words)

	No Easy Walk to Freedom
		By the end of July last year, the Campaign had reached a stage where it had to be suppressed by the Government or it would impose its own policies on the country.
		The tide of defiance was bound to recede and we were forced to pause and to take stock of the new situation.
		Conference further called upon the African workers to boycott and defy the application of this sinister scheme which was calculated to further the exploitation of the African worker.
	www.africawithin.com /mandela/no_easy_walk_0953.htm (4090 words)

	Lessons of the 1950s
		It was initiated as a campaign of non-violent civil disobedience by selected volunteers against six unjust laws: the pass laws, stock limitation, the Suppression of Communism Act, the Group Areas Act, the Bantu Authorities Act, and the Voters Act of 1951.
		This was conceived as a campaign in three stages: commencing with civil disobedience by "selected and trained" volunteers in the major cities, continuing with increasing the number of volunteers and the number of centres, and in the third stage broadening out "on a countrywide scale and assum[ing] a general mass character."[8]
		At the end of the Defiance Campaign, for instance, the Working Committee of the ANC (Cape) noted the departure of "pleading, cowardly, and hamba-kahle leaders who were always ready to compromise after they had been flattered by taking tea with the rulers of the people.
	www.marxist.com /lessons-of-the-1950s150302-4.htm (4866 words)

	AMERICAN SUPPORTERS OF THE DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I first heard about plans for the Defiance Campaign when a long-time friend of mine, Bill Sutherland, returned from a trip to London in early 1952 with the news that a non-violent civil disobedience campaign against racist laws was to take place in South Africa soon.
		The Joint Secretaries of the Campaign were Walter M. Sisulu, the Secretary General of the African National Congress, and Yusuf A. Cachalia, Secretary-General of the South African Indian Congress.
		We are going to defy regulations that have kept our fathers in bondage." I received Bulletin 2 of the National Action Committee for the Defiance Campaign soon afterward and it reported that volunteers in the campaign broke apartheid laws in six different centres in the Union.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/sources/docs/american-supporter.htm (4089 words)

	Winning Campaigns
		The Defiance Campaign has three objectives -to save lives where possible, to draw public attention to patent abuse and profiteering by drug companies and to set a moral example for the government to follow.
		Defiance campaigns led by the Federation of South African Women, the ANC, the Pan Africanist Congress and the Communist Party challenged these laws.
		The Defiance Campaign is named after Christopher Moraka who felt the horrible pain of dying without being able to swallow, dying because he could not get access to medicines because of profiteering.
	multinationalmonitor.org /mm2001/01jan-feb/interview.html (2915 words)

	Defiance Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		MP Naicker, writing in 1972, recalls that the campaign of defiance was conceived towards the middle of 1951, after the all-white parliament had passed no less than 75 pieces of apartheid legislation.
		The campaign was launched on 26 June 1952, the second anniversary of a protest strike by fl workers against poor living conditions.
		The campaign was launched with planned acts of defiance by bands of volunteers in all the main centres of the country."For the first time in South African history, Africans, Indians and Coloured persons went into action side by side, under a common leadership," Naicker wrote.
	www.liberation.org.za /themes/campaigns/defiance/defiance50.php (848 words)

	The Defiance Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Defiance Campaign against Unjust Laws was launched on 26 June 1952 by the ANC together with the South African Indian Congress.
		Statement by George Houser at a meeting of the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid on 25 June 1982, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the "Campaign of Defiance against Unjust Laws".
		The Defiance Campaign: After 50 years, the spirit of service and sacrifice lives on.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/struggles/defiance.html (183 words)

	Kituo cha katiba >> Nelson Mandela - Profile
		The Defiance Campaign was conceived as a mass civil disobedience campaign that would snowball from a core of selected volunteers to involved more and more ordinary people, culminating in mass defiance.
		Charged and brought to trial for his role in the campaign, the court found that Mandela and his co-accused had consistently advised their followers to adopt a peaceful course of action and to avoid all violence.
		In recognition of his outstanding contribution during the Defiance Campaign, Mandela had been elected to the presidency of both the Youth League and the Transvaal region of the ANC at the end of 1952, he thus became a deputy president of the ANC itself.
	www.kituochakatiba.co.ug /mandela.htm (2761 words)

	THE DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN RECALLED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Renewing its pledge to embark on a mass campaign of defiance of unjust laws, the letter, dealing with the Prime Minister`s contention that there was a danger of disturbances if the campaign was embarked upon, the ANC expressed its fear that the Government itself could create disturbances in order to suppress the movement.
		The Defiance Campaign did not achieve the objective of mass industrial action because it had to be called off prematurely, due to the repressive measures adopted by the Government.
		The campaign transformed the ANC from a loose-knit body into an effective mass movement, with branches in almost every single area in the country and with offices manned by full-time personnel in all the major centres.
	www.liberation.org.za /themes/campaigns/defiance/defi-52.php (4872 words)

	Finding Aid to Pan Africanist Congress Collection
		The tactics advocated in the Programme of Action were put into operation during the Defiance Campaign launched in 1952 to pressure the South African government for the repeal of the Pass Laws and Stock Limitation, the Group Areas Act, the Voters' Representation Act, the Suppression of Communism Act and the Bantu Authorities Act.
		The Defiance Campaign was organized by the ANC in collaboration with the South African Indian Congress, the South African Coloured Peoples Organization, and the Congress of Democrats in an effort to build national support.
		The Defiance Campaign resulted in over 8000 arrests of fls and coloureds by the end of the year but was effectively ended by the South African government's retaliation methods of banning or imprisoning many of the organizers, and passing laws making civil disobedience a criminal offense with heavy penalties.
	www.si.umich.edu /fort-hare/pac_hist.htm (3110 words)

	Africa Action: George Houser 10/03/2003
		It was the Defiance Campaign in South Africa sponsored by the African National Congress to which we responded, resulting in more then 8500 arrests for nonviolent civil disobedience against the apartheid laws.
		At the conclusion of the Defiance Campaign in early 1953 the volunteers working on the campaign wrestled with the question: Was there enough concern for Africa in the United States to sustain an organization and a small staff?
		The ACOA was interracial and in close solidarity with campaigns for equality and justice for all.
	www.africaaction.org /about/GeorgeHouser1003.htm (1567 words)

	ei: African National Congress: An Inspiration for Palestinians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Defiance Campaign was one of the first major campaigns to resist apartheid that was organised.
		With the Defiance Campaign a mass movement of resistance to apartheid emerged.
		With calls for campaigns for international support and assistance from the rest of the world the fourth pillar in the struggle was a fact.
	electronicintifada.net /v2/article4617.shtml (1766 words)

	OERD Special Projects/ Fort Defiance Park: The Confluence of Freedom
		Fort Defiance in Cairo, Illinois served as the staging area for troops fighting in the Western Campaign as well as the base for the fleet of inland river gunboats that helped control of the Ohio, Mississippi, Cumberland, and Tennessee Rivers for the Union army.
		Significant civil war battles, campaigns, and occupations of the Western Campaign will be identified and selected highlights, photographs, drawings, and maps of these actions will be arranged to present a chronological history of the Western Campaign of the American civil war.
		Fort Defiance was a simple earthen fortworks with cannons facing both rivers, the Ohio to the East and Mississippi to the West.
	www.siu.edu /~oerdsp/defiance.htm (6439 words)

	Defiance Campaign to Bring Generic Medication Into South Africa
		As part of this campaign, TAC organised a visit to Thailand, where the new rules of the WTO are not yet enforced, and where many essential drugs can still be produced as generics.
		TAC will stop defying the unjust trade laws with fluconazole once Pfizer has lowered the price to under R4.00 and its “donation” is implemented with no restrictions.
		TAC’s Defiance Campaign will show that it is possible to save lives by taking a stand against drug company profiteering.
	web.uct.ac.za /org/tac/import.htm (1450 words)

	The Adrenaline Vault \| PC Preview \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		But the real exciting news is that the Defiance campaign takes players to the other side of the conflict introduced in IWar, allowing them to fly for the Indie cause against the despotism of the ruling Commonwealth.
		The timeline of Defiance coincides with that of the original campaign, meaning that a new perspective will be offered on some of the key events in IWar's storyline.
		There'll be a couple of new high profile Indie ships in Defiance, including the player ship, Spartacus, and the Indie Cruiser, Year of The Dragon.
	www.avault.com /previews/preview_temp.asp?game=iwdeluxe&page=1 (862 words)

	Nelson Mandela
		When the ANC launched its Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws in 1952, Mandela was elected National Volunteer-in-Chief.
		For his part in the Defiance Campaign, Mandela was convicted of contravening the Suppression of Communism Act and given a suspended prison sentence.
		Mandela was elected national volunteer-in-chief of the 1952 Defiance Campaign.
	www.africawithin.com /mandela/mandela_bio.htm (3574 words)

	PHSchool.com - Primary Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In June, 1952, the African National Congress and the South African Indian Congress, bearing in mind their responsibility as the representatives of the downtrodden and oppressed [badly treated] people of South Africa, took the plunge and launched the Campaign for the Defiance of the Unjust Laws.
		Factory and office workers, doctors, lawyers, teachers, students and the clergy; Africans, Coloreds, Indians and Europeans, old and young, all rallied to the national call and defied the pass laws and the curfew and the railway apartheid regulations.
		Defiance was a step of great political significance [importance].
	www.phschool.com /atschool/primary_sources/no_easy_walk_to_freedom.html (450 words)

	The Defiance Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Though it takes Us years, we are prepared to continue the Campaign until the six unjust laws we have chosen for the present phase are done away with.
		At the moment the Campaign is still in its first stage: defiance in Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth.
		ANC then lastly it will assume a mass character with defiance spread all over the country; in towns as well as on the platteland.
	www.liberation.org.za /collections/anc/people/mandela/1950/defiance.php (505 words)

	Electric Playground
		Halfway through the campaign, Hayes learns more about the forces behind this intergalactic war from his mentor and realizes the Commonwealth may not be the real adversary to be concerned about.
		The Defiance campaign will surely please fans of I-War for its well-thought out and varied (albeit linear) missions, entertaining cut-scenes to help propel the story along, and new features, as well.
		Sure, 60+ solo missions including the Defiance campaign is quite a lot to tackle (and considering many of them can be quite challengingespecially towards the end), but it would’ve been a blast to log on and play against real human opponents.
	www.elecplay.com /reviews_article.php?article=1138 (668 words)

	Vrae 2:2002 Eng
		Pursuant to this policy the ANC launched the Defiance Campaign, in which I was placed in charge of volunteers.
		This campaign was based on the principles of passive resistance.
		I and nineteen colleagues were convicted for the role which we played in organising the campaign, and this conviction was under the Suppression of Communism Act although our campaign had nothing to do with Communism, but our sentences were suspended, mainly because the judge found that discipline and non-violence had been stressed throughout.
	www.akademie.co.za /new_page_40.htm (1167 words)

	Latest South African TAC Activism
		He said campaigners faced the choice of watching friends, family and children dying of the disease because the medicines that could treat it were too expensive, or they could defy patent and other trade laws.
		Generix International chief executive Iqbal Moosa was reacting to the Treatment Action Campaign's announcement on Tuesday that a TAC representative had smuggled a generic version of the drug Fluconazole, manufactured by Pfizer, into the country in contravention of both patent law and Medicines Controls Council rulings.
		The Christopher Moraka defiance campaign against patent abuse is at a critical stage.
	www.actupny.org /treatment/tac2000.html (2450 words)

	Electronic Law Journals - LGD 2003 (2) - Gupta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		By importing generics, the TAC defied the de jure monopolies of the patentees and created a de facto regime of market competition for anti-retrovirals, which has increased access significantly [3].
		South Africa’s defiance of anti-retroviral patents to serve both its own market and that of other African nations with high- rates of HIV infection is justified on the basis of market capitalism.
		The anti-retroviral drugs that the TAC has imported from Brazil in defiance of patent laws are extending the lives and increasing the health of many infected with the virus [31].
	www2.warwick.ac.uk /fac/soc/law/elj/lgd/2003_2/gupta (7280 words)

	The Body: South Africa: Historic "Defiance Campaign" Imports Generic Fluconazole
		The campaign to import the drug and raise this issue has been named after him.
		The Defiance Campaign is supported by many doctors and nurses, by Jubilee 2000, by trade unions, by the AIDS Consortium and AIDS Law Project, and by children's rights organizations throughout the country.
		In North America, financial contributions can be made through the South Africa Development Fund, 555 Amory St., Boston MA 02130, 617-522-5511, freesa@igc.org; make checks payable to the South Africa Development Fund, and indicate the funds are for the TAC Christopher Moraka Defiance Campaign.
	www.thebody.com /atn/353/africa.html (589 words)

	BBC NEWS \| In Pictures \| In pictures: 1950s South Africa
		An exhibition now on in Johannesburg commemorates the campaign of defiance against apartheid during the 1950s.
		Nelson Mandela was an ANC youth leader in 1951 when he urged his organisation to take up the defiance campaign.
		The leaders of the defiance campaign were tried in the Johannesburg Magistrates' Court in August 1952.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/in_pictures/5168176.stm (231 words)

	1952 DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN - THE DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		“1952 was the year of the Defiance Campaign.
		At meetings held in April in Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban and Port Elizabeth, it was decided that groups of volunteers would defy apartheid, and that this action should spread throughout the country.
		I shall obey the orders of my leaders under whom I shall be placed and strictly abide by the rules and regulations of the National Volunteer Corps framed from time to time.
	sahistory.org.za /pages/specialprojects/defiance-campagin/quotes.htm (215 words)

	1952 DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN - THE DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The post-1948 period saw the African National Congress (ANC) abandoning its traditional reliance on tactics of moderation such as petitions and deputations.
		The period 1950 -1952 began with a commitment to militant African nationalism and mass action and to tactics of boycotts, strikes and civil disobedience.
		The period culminated in the Defiance Campaign, the largest scale non-violent resistance ever seen in South Africa and the first campaign pursued jointly by all racial groups under the leadership of the ANC and the South African Indian Congress (SAIC).
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/specialprojects/defiance-campagin/01_defiance.htm (136 words)

	Courier Electronic Edition: 042498
		The reports were required if campaign committees had expenditures or contributions of at least $1,000.
		The only bill he had over $50 was to Kelly Smith Photography, Defiance, for campaign photos.
		Contributing $100 or more to his campaign during a March fund-raiser were: Philip Gardner, Findlay ($500); Scott Weasel, Findlay ($120); and George Whitson, Findlay ($100).
	www.thecourier.com /issues/1998/Apr/042498.htm (3499 words)

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