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Topic: Defiant (aircraft)

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	Boulton Paul Defiant
		By February 1942, the Defiant was obviously too slow to catch the latest German night intruders and the night fighter units completely re-equipped in the period April-September 1942.
		A specialised Target-tug version of the Defiant was first ordered in July 1941, designated the T.T. Mk I. The new version was based on the Mk II airframe, with the Merlin XX engine, but with space formerly occupied by the turret now taken up with an observers station with a small canopy.
		One Defiant T.T. Mk I (DR944) was seconded to Martin Baker on 11 December 1944.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /types/uk/boulton_paul/defiant/Defiant.htm (2093 words)

	The Boulton Paul Defiant
		The results were that the Defiant certainly could not compete against the Hurricane, it could not match the performance or the maneuverability and there were many mixed feelings regarding as to whether it could compete against present enemy fighters.
		The Defiant continued on as a night fighter and as a special operations aircraft that was used for radar jamming in 1942 and 1943.
		The Defiant continued this role with the squadron untill February 1944 when the Defiant was replaced by the De Haviland Mosquito II and VI.
	www.battleofbritain.net /0009.html (1113 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Boulton Paul Defiant - World War II Aircraft
		The Defiant Mark I was designed as an attempt to overcome the need to not only point the nose of a fighter at its target in order to bring the guns to bear, but also to relieve the pilot of trying to simultaneously fly the aircraft and concentrate on his target.
		By the end of May, 65 enemy aircraft had fallen to the guns of the Defiant, but this was most probably achieved because enemy pilots mistook the Defiant for its slightly smaller cousin, the Hurricane, and when making rear attacks were thus presented with the fury of the turret defences.
		The Defiant saw night-fighter service with 13 RAF squadrons over the course of 1941 to 1943, but as the war progressed, the aircraft were phased out of frontline service and were being used for target-tugs with air gunnery schools and anti-aircraft co-operation units.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A10427140 (753 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiant aircraft profile. Aircraft Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939-1945
		The single operational squadron to be equiped with Defiant TT.I was 1830 squadron from March to April 1944, in the Eastern Fleet.
		The first front-line RAF Defiant squadron was also the first to be deployed into battle on 12 May, 1940 over the beaches of Dunkirk, its fighters claiming 38 enemy aircraft in one day.
		The Defiant Replica: a full-size replica of a Defiant for static display is under construction in the Heritage Centre, with the fuselage, centre section of the wings and the tail unit nearing completion in 2000.
	www.fleetairarmarchive.net /Aircraft/Defiant.htm (1080 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiant in detail
		Many of the British aircraft designs of the late 1930s presented an innovative approach to aerial warfare, and in a some cases these concepts proved to be painfully wrong.
		The Defiants were then moved to night fighter operations, and many of them carried the then-new AI airborne interception radar.
		Boulton Paul Defiant Mk II General view of the aircraft, somewhat distorted by a wide-angle lens with which the photo was taken.
	www.ipmsstockholm.org /magazine/1997/08/stuff_eng_detail_defiant.htm (879 words)

	defiant - Information from Reference.com
		Planets approved a project committed to enhancing Starfleet's offensive and defensive military capabilities; the Defiant was the prototype for a new Federation warship.
		The Defiant is the first Starfleet ship to legally carry a Romulan cloaking device.
		Defiant officially stopped publication in the summer of 1995.
	www.reference.com /browse/defiant (302 words)

	Mushroom Boulton Paul Defiant
		From late 1940, it was relegated to the night fighter role, a role in which the Defiant was an excellent stop-gap until purpose designed aircraft took the role.
		This is not a comprehensive history of the Defiant, nor is it intended to be.
		Defiant books are as rare as hen’s teeth, so it is useful to know that this book really is a one-stop modeler’s reference for the Defiant.
	www.ipmsusa.org /Reviews/Archive/Books/Aircraft/Mushroom_BP_Defiant/Mushroom_BP_Defiant.htm (394 words)

	Castle Kennedy Airfield - Stranraer, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, UK
		This flat ground was the ideal basis for an airfield, and was used for the first recorded landing by a fixed wing aircraft in Galloway, in August 1913.
		At the conclusion of the exercise only three of the original six aircraft were able to complete the journey from Castle Kennedy to Montrose, the remainder having suffered from mechanical or navigational problems.
		Defiant aircraft and Lysanders were used for target towing.
	www.castlekennedyairfield.co.uk /history.htm (950 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiant Mk.I Day Fighter and Mk.II Night Fighter Review by Steven Eisenman (Classic Airframes 1/48)
		Of course, I also soon learnt that the kit was a bit of a poor rendition of the Defiant, with its too, too round fuselage and nose in cross section.
		The new Defiant reflects what is described as the flat taper of the rear fuselage.
		This aircraft was shot down by a Bf 109E near Dover on 19 July 1940.
	kits.kitreview.com /defiantreviewse_1.htm (1328 words)

	Skymaster Owners And Pilots Site (SOAP) C336, C337, O-2
		Once you walk up to the Defiant on the ramp, you know this is a different breed of airplane.
		The Defiant’s reaction was a 400-foot balloon in altitude, along with a bleed-off of airspeed to around 55 knots.
		Because the Defiant’s glide is so flat, there’s an automatic tendency to assume that you’re too low and thus add power, thereby only making things worse.
	www.337skymaster.com /defiant.htm (1745 words)

	BLANK PHP HTML TEMPLATE
		The aircraft I chose to model is the Boulton Paul Defiant, an aircraft that in all reality was heavy, underpowered, easily exploited and used in a limited capacity during WW2 before it was given a new lease on life as a target tug.
		Defiant Projectile (which actually deals the damage) is defined below, and the tracer gives the player an idea of where their gun is shooting.
		For most aircraft weapons there is a gravity modifier of 0, as otherwise it makes accurate shooting quite difficult.
	perfectionist.planetbattlefield.gamespy.com /PSite/perfectextra/html/Tutorial_Aircraft.html (5837 words)

	Aircraft of the Indian Air Force - Boulton-Paul Defiant TT I & TT III [www.bharat-rakshak.com]
		Typical of the aircraft in the SEAC, the aircraft is clearly distinguished from its European counterparts by the large chin mounted Air Filter.
		The Boulton-Paul Defiant was the outcome of the Turret-Fighter concept put forward by the RAF in the 30s.
		Two of the aircraft appeared to be struck off charge on 1 January 1947, indicating that they were still being used in 1946.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /IAF/History/1940s/AC-Defiant.html (1486 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiants
		DEFIANT PS-V (L7026) of No.264 Sqn is seen here in the summer of 1940 in typical green/brown/sky camoflage.
		Many surviving Defiants were converted to TT configuration while the final 150 ordered were built as such.
		Seen here is the very first Defiant TT, D863, seen wearing the yellow 'P' of a protoype aircraft, the undersides are striped in yellow and fl as a recognition aid as well.
	www.cbrnp.com /profiles/quarter2/defiants.htm (496 words)

	1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Since weather conditions could play an important part in positioning the aircraft to stalk its target, it was part of the technique to position the aircraft against the darkest background of the sky to minimise visual detection by the target aircraft.
		The enemy aircraft was losing height rapidly but due to the Mosquito's windscreen being covered in oil, sighting was difficult, so it flew alongside the Dornier which was seen to be burning fiercely as it flew through cloud.
		Once again he was compelled to abandon his aircraft after it had been hit by ground fire, bailing out at low altitude and coming down in the sea, from where he was picked up by a rescue vessel which was standing by.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /kelsey.family/1942.htm (5861 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiant 1 airplane pictures & aircraft photos - RAF Museums
		The Defiant introduced a new, and fatally flawed, concept into RAF two seat single engined fighters; having no forward firing armament and concentrating all its fire power in a rear gun turret.
		Early daylight engagements were successful as German fighter pilots mistook the Defiants for Hurricanes and attacked from behind into a deadly concentration of fire.
		Just as radar equipped Defiants were reaching squadrons they began to be replaced by more effective Beaufighters and Mosquitos.
	www.rafmuseum.org.uk /boulton-paul-defiant-1.htm (196 words)

	264 Squadron Association - Aircraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Boulton Paul P.82 Defiant, designed and built in Norwich - the only East Anglian "local" aircraft, was produced to Air Ministry Specification F.9/35 and was the first RAF fighter in service with a four-gun turret.
		The Defiant introduced a new tactical concept to the RAF in that all the offensive firepower was concentrated in the rear turret and no forward-firing armament was fitted.
		The prototype Defiant II [N 1550] first flew on the 20th July 1940 and deliveries of the production aircraft commenced in February 1941.
	www.264sqnraf.org.uk /aircraft.html (396 words)

	Squadrons 410 to 419
		A permanent Squadron detachment was established at Lahr, Germany with a Cosmopolitan aircraft.
		Kept the Labrador aircraft and the Hercules aircraft was added to their inventory.
		Re-equipped with the Wellington and the Albacore aircraft.
	jfchalifoux.com /squadrons_410_to_419.htm (870 words)

	The Boulton Paul Association
		The Defiant was first used in the day fighting role, being involved in the battles at Dunkirk and the Battle of Britain.
		In the latter half of the war target towing duties were found to be an ideal use for the Defiant airframe.
		It is planned to unveil the Defiant in the markings of L7005 on September 15th 2002.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /markansell/bpa/defiant/defiant.html (302 words)

	Cybermodeler Online - Classic Airframes Boulton Paul Defiant TT Mk.I/Mk.III
		With the advantage lost, the Defiant was moved into night fighter operations, where it enjoyed a period of success between 1940-1941, after which it was withdrawn from front line service and used for air/sea rescue, target towing, and gunnery training duties.
		This led Classic Airframes to develop a new-tool Defiant that was released almost two years ago and when compared to the first release, shows just how far Classic Airframes has come in production quality.
		As the narrative above describes, the Defiant was relegated to target towing and other non-combat duties when the Luftwaffe threat was too great for the type.
	www.cybermodeler.com /hobby/kits/ca/kit_ca_482.shtml (562 words)

	defiant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		These hopes seemed to be justified when the Defiant proved quite successful during the German invasion of the Low Countries, but the German pilots soon realized that the Defiant was not very fast or manoevrable and that the turret cut out automatically in the forward position.
		Two Defiant squadrons were almost wiped out by Bf109s during the Battle of Britain and the survivors were withdrawn for duties as nightfighters.
		Dividing the responsibility for flying and fighting between two crew members in the Boulton Paul Defiant seemed like a good idea on paper, but when theory was put to practice, the Defiant was quickly found wanting in the day fighter role.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /battleofbritain/defiant.html (264 words)

	MPM 1/72 BP Defiant Mk.1
		Accuracy: MPM did claim that this was the most accurate Defiant ever on their webpage and it certainly seems to look the part.
		According to some sources Turner’s aircraft carried the squadron code PSB not PSY. The No.2 Squadron aircraft should have a thin white band round the spinner and the access panel markings for S/L Turner’s aircraft should be red not fl.
		Finally contrary to the instructions the turret structure for the Defiants was painted night not camouflage colours.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/portland/971/Inbox/d-f/defiant-mk1-i.htm (781 words)

	Defiant
		The aircraft was re deployed as a night -Fighter in the autumn of 1940.
		The Defiant was a unique British aircraft which was utilized as a daylight fighter incorporating four machine guns enclosed in a top mounted hydraulic turret operated by a gunnery officer.
		A few of these aircraft were utilized during the Spanish Civil War in 1939, and proved vastly superior to anything they faced.
	www.aviationartprints.com /defiant.htm (1398 words)

	Battle 0f Britain - Boulton Paul Defiant
		The Defiant saw action in Dunkirk in May 1940 with 264 squadron.
		The Luftwaffe soon learned of the Defiants shortcomings and 'dead spots' where it could not fire at the enemy and soon were able to gain the upper hand in most dog fights by attacking from the front.
		The Defiant found its niche in the Night Fighter role where it successfully carried the new Airborne Interceptor (AI) radar system.
	www.battle-of-britain.com /BoB2/aircraft/British/Defiant.htm (202 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiant by John C. Valo (Classic Airframes 1/48) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		However, the Defiant has always been one of my favorite aircraft and a 'must-have' for my collection, so I had no choice but to take on the challenge.
		The Defiant's wings have a distinct dihedral break just outboard of the landing gear, which was not reproduced in the kit.
		Fortunately, the actual aircraft had a very distinct reinforcement strip at the break, so the joint didn't have to be perfectly smooth, as it would be covered anyway.
	www.kitparade.com /features00/defiantjv_1.htm (708 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Villaruel was apparently driven over the edge by extreme frustration with politics and government corruption, and among the points he raised were the scrapping of the Hummingbird and Defiant aircraft projects which he initiated.
		The Defiant trainer and light attack aircraft project started in the 1980s, and a prototype (the Defiant 300) was built with wood and fiberglass components and a 300 hp Lycoming piston engine.
		The spartan cockpit of the Defiant 300 prototype.
	www.timawa.net /defense/padc/default.htm (514 words)

	Boulton Paul Defiant TT.Mk.I / III Target Tug Review by Brett Green (Classic Airframes 1/48)
		USAAF Defiant TT Mk.I of the 8th AF based at Bovington in 1943 finished in fl and yellow striped undersides with RAF Dark Earth and Dark Green fuselage sides and upper surfaces, and
		Defiant TT Mk.III, 733 NAS, Royal Navy in 1945 with fl and yellow striped undersides and silver painted fuselage sides and upper surfaces.
		Even if there is not, for the rest of us this is a very interesting variant on the Defiant theme, bristling with propellers, towing equipment and bulging drogue fairing, decked out with a very complete interior and finished in wild colours.
	kits.kitreview.com /ca482reviewbg_1.htm (793 words)

	Tour Misc.
		The aviation pioneer Sir James Martin, a successful aircraft manufacturer (Martin-Baker Aircraft) of the 1940`s, was asked by the Air Ministry in 1944 to develop a pilot escape system.
		In June 1946 a dummy was ejected from a Meteor aircraft from 2000ft at a speed of 200 mph.
		It is partly because of the ejector seats that aircraft in the museum are not accessible to visitors.
	www.aviation-museum.co.uk /tourmisc.htm (461 words)

	The Retired Officer Magazine
		Though the aircraft ripped through support columns, the web of steel beams and window frames prevented collapse of the E-ring for 35 minutes, Evey says, giving many employees, including those in offices above the impact point, time to escape.
		Lives also were spared because many offices in the impact area were vacant, thanks again to the renovation.
		One plan would locate it where the aircraft entered the building and dedicate it Sept. 11, 2002, the one-year anniversary of the attack.
	www.moaa.org /Magazine/January2002/feature3.asp (2364 words)

	BBC - WW2 People's War - "Experiences from Flying Squadron 201"
		I worked for an aircraft company and was called up in 1940 so came over from Rhodesia and joined the RAF initially as a ground engineer then I remustered to a flight engineer.
		It was not a very reliable aeroplane and when we landed the aircraft did what was known as a ground looping and we subsequently lost an undercarriage.
		In order to increase the flying range of the sutherland the mid-upper turrets were taken out of the aircraft to allow us to reach the so called 'no man's land' area in the Northern Atlantic where the German 'wolf packs' (U-Boats) used to patrol.
	www.bbc.co.uk /ww2peopleswar/stories/14/a4428614.shtml (690 words)

	EAW Tally Ho
		These Junkers aircraft were available in Blagnac, where they were repaired from spare parts and engines that had been hidden in the area by the Germans.
		Susequently, since it carried a second crew member, the Defiant was judged a good basis for a dedicated night fighter and was reclassified from the MkI as the NF.MkII series, which was eventually withdrawn from opertional duties by the end of 1942.
		Initially the aircraft experienced stability problems and had modifications to increase the canard elevator surface, vertical stabilizer area and eventually wing tip extensions.
	www.sandbaggereaw.com /firm.html (1968 words)

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