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	PFK Deficiency- Springer Spaniel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Canine Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency is an autosomal recessive genetic disease which prevents the metabolism of glucose into available energy resulting in exercise intolerance and muscle disease in Springer Spaniels.
		The PFK deficiency gene frequency in Springers is estimated to be 10% of the population.
		Therefore, breeders have heretofore been unable to combat the disease by using responsible breeding strategies to reduce the incidence of PFK deficiency in future generations of dogs.
	www.vetgen.com /pfkbroch.html (530 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity
		Secondary deficiencies are most common in chronic diarrheas, liver disease, chronic alcoholism, and postoperative situations in which nutrient infusions lack supplementary vitamins.
		The most common signs are pallor and maceration of the mucosa in the angles of the mouth (angular stomatitis) and vermilion surfaces of the lips (cheilosis), followed by superficial linear fissures that may leave scars when healed.
		Therefore, diagnosis of riboflavin deficiency cannot depend on the history and presence of suggestive lesions alone.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter3/3k.htm (286 words)

	A Guide to Citrus Nutritional Deficiency and Toxicity Identification
		Symptoms of deficiency or toxicity may have different forms of expression on foliage, stems, roots, and fruit, and may not in all cases resemble those illustrated in various publications.
		Deficiency is expressed by light green to yellow foliage over the entire tree in the absence of any distinctive leaf patterns.
		Phosphorus deficiency is unlikely to occur in groves that have received regular P applications in the past.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /CH142 (1636 words)

	COPPER DEFICIENCY IN DAIRY GOATS
		Lungworms, abomasal parsitism and copper and selenium deficiency were diagnosed in pasturedmeat goats that were thin with watery diarrhea and milk coughs.
		Copper deficiency was diagnosed in two 4-month-old Limousin calves with fading hair color, ill thrift and lameness due to multiple chronic and acute limb fractures secondary to osteroporosis from copper deficiency.
		Copper deficiency may occur when animals graze on soils deficient in copper, soils with high Molybdenum levels (+2PPM); copper intake should be 5 to 8 times molybendum intake, pastures with high sulphate levels (+0.35% total sulfur), iron exceeding 250 to 300 PPM, or some combination of these.
	www.saanendoah.com /copper1.html (5391 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity
		The deficiency may cause disorders of reproduction; abnormalities of muscle, liver, bone marrow, and brain function; hemolysis of RBCs; defective embryogenesis; and exudative diathesis, a disorder of capillary permeability.
		In humans, the main manifestations of vitamin E deficiency are (1) mild hemolytic anemia associated with increased erythrocyte hemolysis and (2) spinocerebellar disease (see under Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar Disorders in Ch.
		Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants persists during the first few weeks of life and can be attributed to limited placental transfer of vitamin E, low tissue levels at birth, relative dietary deficiency in infancy, intestinal malabsorption, and rapid growth.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter3/3f.htm (802 words)

	HGF - Growth Hormone Deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A child’s rate of growth is an important clue to the presence or absence of a growth problem: A child who is growing at a slower than normal rate may have a serious problem, regardless of his or her height.
		Growth hormone deficiency is moderately difficult to diagnose because the pituitary gland produces growth hormone in bursts.
		One way of testing for growth hormone deficiency is to give the child a substance that causes the release of a growth hormone burst in normal children and measure the amount of growth hormone present in several blood samples obtained over a period of time.
	www.hgfound.org /growth.html (2311 words)

	Vitamin A deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children and raises the risk of disease and death from severe infections.
		Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in 118 countries, especially in Africa and South-East Asia, once again hitting hardest young children and pregnant women in low-income countries.
		The mother’s deficiency is demonstrated by the high prevalence of night blindness during this period.
	www.who.int /nut/vad.htm (787 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity
		Scarlet glossitis and stomatitis are characteristic of acute deficiency.
		Multiple deficiencies of B vitamins and protein often occur together; therefore, a balanced diet is needed.
		Niacinamide is generally used to treat deficiency states, because niacin can cause flushing, itching, burning, or tingling sensations, whereas niacinamide does not; however, niacinamide does not possess hypolipidemic or vasodilating properties as does niacin.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter3/3l.htm (697 words)

	eMedicine - Biotin Deficiency : Article by Howard R Sloan, MD, PhD† (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Background: Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of the water-soluble B vitamin termed biotin.
		Given the critical biochemical pathways that are affected by biotin deficiency, the involvement of many organs could reasonably be expected; however, this is not the case, and few organs are involved.
		Alterations in the intestinal flora caused by the prolonged administration of antibiotics are presumed to be the basis for biotin deficiency.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic238.htm (3521 words)

	Zinc Deficiency
		Perhaps it is because a zinc deficiency negatively impacts both the rib cartilage and the connective tissue in joints.
		Zinc deficiencies in monkeys can be passed down from earlier generations, so this may explain why parents with pectus deformities often have children with pectus deformities.
		As noted above, in a zinc deficiency study on in human volunteers, their collagen and the sponge of their connective tissue was impacted.
	www.ctds.info /zinc1.html (2057 words)

	Protein S Deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Protein S deficiency is a genetic trait that predisposes one to the formation of venous clots.
		A type III protein S deficiency is characterized by a low amount of free protein S, but an overall normal amount of total protein S (see Figure 3).
		At this time, the exact role protein S deficiency plays and its relative importance in arterial disease is still being explored by physicians and scientists.
	www-admin.med.uiuc.edu /hematology/PtProtS.htm (987 words)

	Iron deficiency [Jul 1997; 41-2]
		Bandolier was struck by an article in JAMA on the prevalence of iron deficiency in the USA, which hit its desk at the same time as a report called The Hunger Within on child poverty and nutrition in the UK.
		How to measure iron deficiency is itself questioned, and it has been suggested that the US studies [1] may underestimate it.
		Preventing iron deficiency in preschool children by implementing an educational and screening programme in an inner city practice.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band41/b41-2.html (893 words)

	eMedicine - Carnitine Deficiency : Article by Fernando Scaglia, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In secondary carnitine deficiency, which is caused by other metabolic disorders (eg, fatty acid oxidation disorders, organic acidemias), carnitine depletion may be secondary to the formation of acylcarnitine adducts and the inhibition of carnitine transport in renal cells by acylcarnitines.
		Carnitine deficiency may present in children being treated with valproic acid and may be associated with fulminant liver failure and presentation similar to that in Reye syndrome.
		It is unclear whether carnitine deficiency is related to the primary metabolic defect, to the concomitant liver disease observed in the initial presentation, or to benzoate therapy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic321.htm (6117 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Approaches to vitamin B12 deficiency
		deficiency is a common problem that affects the general population and the elderly in particular.
		deficiency has been established, treatment may commence or additional tests may be done to elucidate the causes of the deficiency; possible tests include assays for IF and parietal cell antibodies, tests to measure gastrin levels, and the deoxyuridine suppression test.
		Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2001/07_01/dharmarajan.htm (2616 words)

	Iron deficiency anaemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The numbers are staggering: as many as 4-5 billion people, 66-80% of the world’s population, may be iron deficient; 2 billion people – over 30% of the world’s population – are anaemic, mainly due to iron deficiency, and in developing countries, frequently exacerbated by malaria and worm infections.
		Iron deficiency and anaemia reduce the work capacity of individuals and entire populations, bringing serious economic consequences and obstacles to national development.
		Because of their close linkages, iron deficiency and anaemia must be tackled simultaneously using a multidisciplinary approach tailored to specific circumstances.
	www.who.int /nut/ida.htm (577 words)

	Magnesium
		The diets of all Americans are likely to be deficient........Even a mild deficiency causes sensitiveness to noise, nervousness, irritability, mental depression, confusion, twitching, trembling, apprehension, insomnia, muscle weakness and cramps in the toes, feet, legs, or fingers.
		A magnesium deficiency as a root cause would provide a logical explanation of why some people suffer from a constellation of these types of problems.
		The authors thought the schizophrenia and depression caused the magnesium deficiencies, but I disagree that that was necessarily the case.
	www.ctds.info /5_13_magnesium.html (1633 words)

	G6PD Deficiency
		G6PD deficiency is often classified according to how severe a child's hemolytic reaction is, with classes 1 and 2 being the most severe, class 3 being mild, and class 4 not causing any symptoms at all.
		G6PD deficiency is inherited, or passed along from one or both parents to a child in genes.
		This explains why many more boys than girls have G6PD deficiency: Girls have two X chromosomes, so there's a good chance that if they inherit the mutated gene that leads to G6PD deficiency from one parent, they will not inherit it from the other, leaving one of their X chromosomes unaffected.
	kidshealth.org /parent/general/aches/g6pd.html (1100 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity
		Deficiency has also occurred during long-term TPN without supplementary biotin.
		Retarded physical and mental development, alopecia, keratoconjunctivitis, and defects in T-cell and B-cell immunity have been reported in children with deficiencies of multiple biotin-dependent carboxylases.
		Deficiencies result from mutations in holocarboxylase synthetase (the enzyme required to link biotin to four carboxylases necessary for metabolism) or in biotinidase (the enzyme required to remove biotin from the same enzymes in catabolism).
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section1/chapter3/3o.htm (152 words)

	Iron Deficiency --- United States, 1999--2000
		Although iron deficiency is more common in developing countries, a significant prevalence was observed in the United States during the early 1990s among certain populations, such as toddlers and females of childbearing age (4).
		The estimated prevalence of iron deficiency was greatest among toddlers aged 1--2 years (7%) and adolescent and adult females aged 12--49 years (9%--16%) (Table 1).
		The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was examined for the populations in which iron deficiency was most common in NHANES 1999--2000 (Table 2).
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5140a1.htm (1516 words)

	Antitrypsin Deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The major phenotype of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is destruction of pulmonary alveoli resulting in ehronie obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema.
		Nonsmokers with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency also develop emphysema, but they tend to do so later in life than smokers, and while life expectancy is decreased relative to unaffected individuals, it is not nearly so severely decreased as it is in deficient subjects who are cigarette smokers.
		Biochemical and molecular investigations have determined the nature of the two common mutations that cause disease associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, have provided techniques for highly accurate prenatal diagnosis of this disease, and have offered possible ways to manipulate the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene to produce a more effective inhibitor that is less sensitive to oxidative damage.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~rjh9u/antitryp.html (1312 words)

	Testosterone Deficiency, Causes and Symptoms - Urologychannel
		Testosterone deficiency (TD) may result from disease or damage to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or testicles that inhibits hormone secretion and testosterone production, and is also known as hypogonadism.
		Testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) may be present at birth (congenital) or may develop later (acquired).
		Congenital testosterone deficiency is generally characterized by underdeveloped genitalia (testes that do not descend into the scrotum) and, occasionally, undeterminable genitalia.
	www.urologychannel.com /testosteronedeficiency/index.shtml (562 words)

	Vitamin A Deficiency in Parrots and Other Birds
		Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency depend on which organ system is affected (for instance the reproductive, digestive, or respiratory tracts) and which microorganism or combination of microorganisms is invading the patient.
		A bird with vitamin A deficiency may show any of the following symptoms: sneezing, wheezing, nasal discharge, crusted or plugged nostrils, unthriftiness lethargy, depression, diarrhea, tail-bobbing, thinness, poor feather color, swollen eyes, ocular discharge, lack of appetite, gagging, foul-smelling breath and "slimy mouth".
		The majority of vitamin A deficient diets are also lacking in other vitamins, proteins and minerals, so prevention must be aimed at an overall improvement in nutrition as well as offering appropriate vitamin supplementation.
	www.multiscope.com /hotspot/vitamina.htm (734 words)

	Iron Deficiency Anemia
		Iron Deficiency Anemia (also called IDA) is a condition where a person has inadequate amounts of iron to meet body demands.
		Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia.
		The main causes of iron deficiency are: poor absorption of iron by the body (Vitamin C aides in iron absorption), inadequate daily intake of iron, pregnancy, growth spurts or blood loss due to heavy period or internal bleeding.
	www.mamashealth.com /nutrition/anemia.asp (547 words)

	Vitamin deficiency anemia
		If your body is deficient in certain key vitamins, you can develop anemia — a condition in which your blood is low on healthy red blood cells.
		This may be due to surgery to your stomach or small intestine, such as gastric bypass surgery, abnormal bacterial growth in your small intestine, or an intestinal disease, such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease, that interferes with the absorption of the vitamin.
		In the majority of cases, vitamin B-12 deficiency is due to a lack of intrinsic factor — a protein secreted by the stomach necessary for the absorption of vitamin B-12.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00325.html (2220 words)

	THE G6PD DEFICIENCY HOMEPAGE
		G6PD deficiency is also sometimes referred to as favism since some G6PD deficient individuals are also allergic to fava beans.
		Since the discovery of G6PD deficiency in 1956, thousands of research papers have been published on various aspects of this genetic condition (Carson et al., 1956; Beutler, 1994).
		It is therefore important to learn about G6PD deficiency; more specifically, this WEB site will introduce the genetic, physiological, molecular, and clinical aspects of this condition.
	www.rialto.com /g6pd (315 words)

	Zinc deficiency -- Prasad 326 (7386): 409 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Zinc deficiency -- Prasad 326 (7386): 409 -- BMJ
		Prasad AS, Halsted JA, Nadimi M. Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, dwarfism and geophagia.
		Zinc metabolism in patients with the syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hypogonadism, and dwarfism.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/326/7386/409 (1242 words)

	Firelily Designs - Color Vision, Color Deficiency
		Anomalous trichromats with deficiency in the green range account for over half of people with color vision deficiencies; about five percent of all males have this condition.
		Another key is to understand how color deficiency works with generated light (it's going to be different for computer monitors than it is for reflected light in real life), and to use this to avoid combinations that will be difficult for any individuals.
		The flower photographs were modified for color deficiency in Photoshop, first by fling out the green channel, then by copying the content of the red channel into the green channel.
	www.firelily.com /opinions/color.html (3912 words)

	Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin)
		She also cautions that the blood level of cobalamin is an unreliable indicator of deficiency and that tissue levels of the vitamin may be quite low even though the blood levels are normal.
		The presence of a deficiency was established through measurements of the levels of vitamin B-12, total homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid in the blood.
		Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population.
	www.yourhealthbase.com /vitamin_B12.html (7676 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Iron deficiency anemia
		Iron deficiency anemia is a decrease in the number of red cells in the blood caused by too little iron.
		The causes of iron deficiency are too little iron in the diet, poor absorption of iron by the body, and loss of blood (including from heavy menstrual bleeding).
		The cause of the deficiency must be identified, particularly in older patients who are most susceptible to intestinal cancer.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000584.htm (811 words)

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