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Topic: Definite pitch

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	Pitch
		The sense of pitch depends on the intensity of the tone, as shown in the graph; below 1000 Hz, pitch tends to drop with increasing loudness, and above 1000 Hz, tends to rise.
		The pitch ascribed to a complex tone or sound may not necessarily correspond to a frequency that is physically present in the sound.
		In summary, Schouten has stated, "The pitch ascribed to a complex sound is the pitch of that component to which the attention, either by virtue of its loudness or of its contrast with former sounds is strongest drawn.
	www.sfu.ca /sonic-studio/handbook/Pitch.html (566 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are basically two ways to use a sound sample, in HyperCard or anywhere else: as a sample of a wave of definite pitch, or as a miniature "tape recording" of some sound that is not intended to be used as a sample of indefinite pitch.
		Definite Pitch To play a sample at the correct pitch, HyperCard assumes two things about the sample: it was sampled at a rate of 26.32 KHz, and the associated wave was playing a pitch of 261.63 Hz, when it was sampled.
		Indefinite pitch Sounds which are not samples of definite pitch (for example, a thunder clap or the sound of your mother saying "hello") should not need to be made to match pitch.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/apple2/technotes/tn/hcgs/TN.HCGS.003 (461 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia - tone. - AOL Research & Learn
		In music, a tone is distinguished from noise by its definite pitch, caused by the regularity of the vibrations which produce it.
		Pitch is determined by the frequency of the vibration, measured in cycles per second; intensity (or loudness) is determined by the amplitude, measured in decibels.
		When two fairly loud tones of equal volume but different pitch are sounded together, a fainter resultant tone, representing either the sum of their two rates of vibration (summation tone) or the difference (difference tone) may be heard.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/tone/20051207153009990030 (182 words)

	Glossary
		Drone: a tone of steady pitch that underlies or overlays other tones which are moving in pitch, perhaps producing a melody.
		The cycles per second of the fundamental frequency generally corresponds to the pitch of the sound, while the relative amplitudes of the other harmonics determine the steady state timbre of the sound.
		Pitch Inventory: the collection of all pitches which an instrument can produce or which an instrument uses in playing a particular piece of music.
	www.indiana.edu /~savail/workingpapers/glossary.html (1219 words)

	Pitch paradoxical
		The pitch of a harmonic tone is defined to be its fundamental frequency, which is the frequency of the pure tone which has the same pitch.
		The above definition of pitch still holds operationally, but the fundamental frequency is not directly measurable, and must now be derived from the the higher harmonics.
		As confusing as pitch is for a single tone, the difficulties are compounded with multiple tones, multiple voices or instruments.
	www.ihear.com /Pitch/paradoxical.html (1048 words)

	Definite pitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		pitch fever pitch pitch fl pitch shot pitch softball professional slow pitch
		Corellian Pitch Features rules, software, and history on this variant of pitch.
		That article that introduces a noun and specifies it as the particular noun that is being considered; in, the only definite article is the.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Definite_pitch.html (295 words)

	Research Article on Perfect Pitch
		The importance in pitch recognition of the so-called tonal attributes of quality and vocality, defined by Révész[12] as that which recurs at every octave and that which is different in different octaves, has been emphasized by a number of writers.
		Pitch is not to be identified with tone, but is to be regarded as the intensively predominant order of the whole volume, which is symmetrically balanced in relation to pitch.
		The subject was instructed not to "feel around" audibly with her voice to reach the pitch, as for example, to sing the extremes of her vocal range and estimate the pitch by that means.
	www.aruffo.com /eartraining/research/articles/gough22.htm (19907 words)

	Music-Science Glossary
		is the pitch with a fundamental frequency of 550 Hertz.
		For example, "5:4" describes a relationship in which the higher pitch has a fundamental frequency which is 1.25 times that of the lower pitch, and "3:2" describes a relationship in which the higher pitch has a fundamental frequency which is 1.5 times that of the lower pitch.
		Although pitches, like frequencies, can be any of an infinite continuum of values, only a handful of related definite pitches are considered musically useful within a particular musical system; the actual fundamental frequencies of a set of pitches depends upon the tuning being employed and the reference frequency being chosen.
	www.music-science.net /Glossary.html (2511 words)

	NUSCO: Instruments
		Both types of instruments include some of definite and some of indefinite pitch, the idiophones having a greater number and variety of examples that produce definite pitch.
		For example, the skin is sometimes pressed in different parts to produce varying pitches, while the running of the drumsticks along the studded sides of the gu is also commonly used in many musical pieces.
		A set of large bells of different pitches is hung on a rack and struck on the rim with small metal sticks or a long rod, producing chiming melodies.
	www.freewebs.com /nusco/instru4.htm (1199 words)

	Basic Terms
		Percussion instrument of definite pitch, with metal bars that are struck by hammers controlled by a keyboard.
		Percussion instrument of definite pitch, with suspended metal tubes that are struck with a hammer.
		Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken.
	www.mhhe.com /socscience/music/kamien/student/olc/251.htm (1503 words)

	WHAT_MANNER_2000
		It is a definite pitch, acoustic percussion instrument consisting of a playing surface of circular cross section made of steel.
		Xylophones and Marimbas are examples of definite pitch struck idiophones, which have many resonators on the same instrument.
		The instrument may be described as a number of independent, definite pitch membranes attached to a resonator.
	www.sanch.com /WHAT_MANNER_2000.htm (591 words)

	Neutral clef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A symbol located at the beginning of a musical staff used to indicate that none of the instruments reading the notation have a definite pitch.
		The instruments are primarily concerned with the rhythmic notation and not the indication of pitch.
		These sounds are perceived as having a higher or lower pitch, but not of a specific pitch or frequency.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/textn/Neutralclef.html (201 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If a complex tone is comprised of several pure tones whose pitches are an a harmonic relation (ie each is some whole fraction of another), the complex tone tends to sound like one tone with a certain pitch and timbre.
		If the pitches of the pure tones are not harmonically related, or are very high harmonics, the complex tone may have not have a definite pitch.
		The harmonic intervals of the 5th and 3rd (the 3rd and 5th harmonics) are closely approximated by this scale as degrees 8 and 5.
	home.comcast.net /~kramerhawks/text.htm (436 words)

	Notebook
		The standard of pitch has been gradually rising since the days of Bach and Handel, in whose time it was about two-thirds of a tone deeper than at present.
		Concert-pitch does not mean any definite pitch, but merely the pitch which this or that manufacturer chose as best suited to his instruments.
		For several years prior to this date, the question of bringing the standard pitch used for pianos and organs into unison with the low pitch which had come to be the generally accepted pitch for orchestral use, had been agitated by a number of persons engaged in the manufacture of pianos and organs, and.
	www.noteaccess.com /DIMENSIONS/1aPitch.htm (400 words)

	Percussion Instruments
		This produces lower pitches for a given length (compared to the uniform bar) and also allows tuning of the partials.
		The strike tone is determined by partials with ratios 2:3:4 (the octave, twelfth, and double-octave), as in the chimes.
		Unlike chimes, however, the carillon bells have a prime mode at or near the strike tone (though the pitch of the strike tone is apparently more dependent on the upper partials).
	ccrma.stanford.edu /CCRMA/Courses/150/percussion.html (729 words)

	Glossary of Music Terms
		A family of French musicians and instrument makers.
		A manner of producing tones with regard to accurate pitch
		The adjustable band that holds the reed against the mouthpiece.
	www.mathcs.duq.edu /~iben/gloss.htm (546 words)

	Percussion Extravaganza
		These may also be split into two subdivisions - those of definite pitch and those of indefinite pitch.
		Furthermore, through the performance of his own work, with which he concluded the evening, the percussionist brought together all the theoretical and practical elements discussed and displayed during the evening.
		pitch, ethnic and orchestral percussion and materials and objects from everyday life to orchestrate a work that produced a world of soundscapes ranging from the transcendental to the belicose.
	www.geocities.com /ritmi2002/percussion_extravaganza.htm (575 words)

	Waves
		Pitch is related to frequency - the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.
		Sound with a pleasing quality, a definite identifiable pitch, and a definite repeated rhythm.
		The Doppler Effect: A change in the frequency and pitch of a sound due to the motion of either the sound source or the observer.
	www.iadeaf.k12.ia.us /Waves.htm (1123 words)

	pitch
		If I really pitch in, I may be able to finish the paper before the deadline.
		the pitch of an arch; the pitch of a stair.
		the extent of the rotation of the longitudinal axis involved in pitching.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/pitch (685 words)

	Chicago Symphony Orchestra - Percussion instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The heads of the mallets that the player uses to strike the bars are small, round, and hard, and may be made of plastic, rubber, wood, or metal.
		Definitive statements about the origins of instruments are rare, since most instruments evolve from earlier forms, with details of the evolutionary stages often lost to history.
		The length of the tube determines the pitch — the longer the tube, the lower the pitch.
	www.cso.org /main.taf?p=1,1,4,13 (1521 words)

	Week 2
		For non-periodic complex signals, (that have a rather indefinite pitch) the frequencies of all other components/partials are not integer multiples of the lowest frequency.
		For simple/pure tones, the pitch relates to the frequency of the simple/pure/sine waves.
		Two sounds of the same pitch and loudness may have recognizably different qualities: for instance the sounds of string instruments vs.\ reed instruments in the orchestra.
	www.ethnomusic.ucla.edu /courses/ESM172a/Files172A/WEEK2.HTM (1824 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Drums form part of the modern orchestra - Thursday \| February 1, 2001
		DRUMS ARE classified as instruments with indefinite pitch and were used as percussions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt.
		Kettle or tympani drums differ from other drums, especially those of African retention, in that they are used to sound notes of a definite pitch.
		Today, drums are made with foot pedals for immediate change of pitch.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20010201/ent/ent2.html (470 words)

	Timpani - MarchingWiki
		If the head is not clear, the pitch of the drum will rise or fall after the initial impact, and the drum will produce different pitches at different dynamic levels.
		Timpanists who are not blessed with absolute pitch obtain a reference pitch from a tuning fork, pitch pipe, or even a note played by another instrument in the course of the performance, then use musical intervals to arrive at the desired note.
		However, every time the drum is moved, the overall pitch of the head changes, thus the pitches must be re-marked on the gauges before every performance.
	www.marchingwiki.com /wiki/index.php?title=Timpani (2507 words)

	The Symphony - Percussion
		Pitch control: The membrane stretched over the shell can be loosened or tightened by screws situated around the edge of the circle.
		This alters the pitch (tighter skin for higher notes), though modern drums use a pedal mechanism, hence the name pedal or chromatic drum.
		Two or three notes (depending on the number of drums) are named at the beginning of the score and these are the notes that the player must tune to.
	library.thinkquest.org /22673/percussion.html (1055 words)

	The Well Tempered Timpani
		With all non-percussion instruments in today's modern orchestra (strings, brasses and winds), we hear various pitches according to whether a string or column of air is vibrating as a unit through its whole length or in particular fractions of it.
		The pitch of the note is related to the fundamental frequency of the complex tone.
		Since they don’t measure pitch (but only the timpanic pressure of the head at specific points) and since pressure doesn’t determine pitch, these pressure readings are probably best used as a guide to get you in the general range of the drum’s optimum sound rather than a mechanism for fine tuning.
	music.nebrwesleyan.edu /wtt/index.html (7206 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Speech Synthesis in C++ \| July 22, 2001
		Inflection (or change in pitch) of an accented syllable or the end of a sentence is another factor that affects the quality of speech.
		The former is an accent or stress on a particular syllable, such as the "a" in "tomato," while the latter is the overall pitch pattern of a sentence (question, exclamation, or ordinary sentence).
		It also uses a pitch that is halfway between the pitch of the previous tonal tick and the pitch it would otherwise use for this tick.
	www.ddj.com /184409295 (3386 words)

	Stockhausen's New Morphology of Musical Time, Scientific Commentary: C.Koenigsberg December 1991
		The sensation of "noise" as opposed to definite pitch is generally caused by wide intervals in the frequency domain.
		Therefore the exact pitch of the bass in that 1/8th of a second is spread across an area covering 3/4 of a whole tone around 96 cycles per second.
		In the first place a single microwhile is not sufficient to determine a pitch, and in the second place, by increasing the length of the microwhile, the pitch is neither increasing nor rising, but sinking and decreasing." ([Fokker1962], p.
	www.music.princeton.edu /~ckk/smmt/scientific.commentary.2.html (4356 words)

	Percussion Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Xylophones and tubular bells are tuned to a definite pitch and can play melody, harmony and rhythmns.
		Drums are percussion instruments that consist of a drumhead, made of skin or plastic, stretched over one or both ends of a hollow vessel.
		The pitch of the note depends on the size of the bars struck.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006865/sci_percussion.html (201 words)

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