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Topic: Degeneracy

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	Brainstorms: Redundancy and degeneracy: Evolution and design
		ABSTRACT Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function, is a prominent property of many biological systems ranging from genes to neural networks to evolution itself.
		Degeneracy is used to designate different wave function satisfying the same energy state in quantum mechanics.
		Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output, is a well known characteristic of the genetic code and immune systems.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-6-t-000281.html (4056 words)

	White Dwarfs and Electron Degeneracy
		They collapse, moving down and to the left of the main sequence until their collapse is halted by the pressure arising from electron degeneracy.
		Electron degeneracy is a stellar application of the Pauli Exclusion Principle, as is neutron degeneracy.
		But even that is not the ultimate limit, since neutron degeneracy can also be overcome by masses greater than 3 solar masses and the ultimate collapse is toward a fl hole.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/whdwar.html (729 words)

	Degeneracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, "degeneracy" means "reverting to an earlier, simpler, state"
		The term "moral degeneracy" is sometimes used by speakers commenting on the morality (or lack thereof) of a society: this usage has its roots in the concept of atavism.
		Modernist art is sometimes described as "degenerate art".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Degeneracy (186 words)

	Degeneracy Postmortem
		It would be much simpler that way; reversal meant keeping track of where objects were when they disappeared, and was complicated by containers which disappeared before the things they contained (such as the copper key, which sits on the dresser in the Baron's room but which was implemented before the dresser).
		However, once I'd given the degeneracy a physical manifestation in the form of the hourglass, a puzzle reversing the degeneracy by refilling the hourglass was an obvious step, so I went ahead and did it.
		Degeneracy works because the game world is rich enough that something is lost when it begins to fade away; empty exercises in formalism are no fun for the author or the players.
	www.crummy.com /software/if/degeneracy/postmortem.html (2122 words)

	Berry Phase in the Vicinity of a Degeneracy
		But the integral in (4.157) does not depend on the choice of the surface, so it may be possible to deform the surface so as to stay away from the degeneracy.
		If the surface in question is close to the degeneracy point though, then the states which become degenerate at the point dominate the integral.
		Degeneracies such as this one are said to have codimension 3.
	beige.ucs.indiana.edu /M743/node55.html (326 words)

	Pressure, Degeneracy, Exchange Interaction, Neutron Stars, Atoms, Etc.
		The only halfway-special thing is that when there is degeneracy, the pressure will be different from what a naive classical model would have predicted.
		We can’t attack the aforementioned big questions until we have a clear idea of what degeneracy is, what pressure is, and why a fundamental force is called fundamental.
		The idea of degeneracy arose much later, so there was never the slightest chance that the pressure of a degenerate gas would be considered a fundamental interaction.
	www.av8n.com /physics/degeneracy.htm (2811 words)

	Degenerate matter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		White dwarf stars are supported by the degeneracy pressure of the electron gas in their interior.
		As a result, in matter with approximately equal numbers of protons and electrons, proton degeneracy pressure is much smaller than electron degeneracy pressure, and proton degeneracy is usually modelled as a correction to the equations of state of electron-degenerate matter.
		Neutron degeneracy is analogous to electron degeneracy and is demonstrated in neutron stars, which are supported by the pressure from a degenerate neutron gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Degeneracy_pressure (2156 words)

	Neutron stars and pulsars
		When it reaches the threshold of energy necessary to force the combining of electrons and protons to form neutrons, the electron degeneracy limit has been passed and the collapse continues until it is stopped by neutron degeneracy.
		This neutron degeneracy radius is about 20 km for a solar mass, compared to about earth size for a solar mass white dwarf.
		Variations in the normal periodic rate are interpreted as energy loss mechanisms or, in one case, taken as evidence of planets around the pulsar.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/pulsar.html (1094 words)

	Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems -- Edelman and Gally 98 (24): 13763 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		Degeneracy, the ability of elements that are structurally different to perform the same function or yield the same output,
		Degeneracy can be found at every level and in most processes found in living cells (see Table 1 for some examples).
		Degeneracy is a prerequisite of natural selection because natural selection can only operate among a population of genetically
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/24/13763 (4775 words)

	Degeneracy: the game of perversion.
		Degeneracy is a text adventure of the old school, written in the style of the very old school; eighteenth century or thereabouts.
		They collectively sent me billions of bugs which I dutifully fixed, tried stupid things which were often not so stupid and ought to have actually worked, and tested the game on many more platforms and many more interpreters than I would have had the patience to do.
		Spoilers: If you are absolutely sick of Degeneracy and all it stands for, and/or you want all the secrets of the game laid bare to you, simply download and read the source code.
	crummy.com /devel/if/degeneracy (524 words)

	Degeneracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In Degeneracy, Cunningham explores contemporary consciousness and conscience in this post ethical age by combining cutting edge imaging and control technology with the self-excavating, truth-telling literary traditions of his mentor's Donald Barthelme and Edward Albee and contemporaries like William Vollman.
		Using these technologies to create an efflorescence of multiple possibilities simultaneously, Degeneracy will attempt, through humorous detachment from the self, to trace the rachis of mitigation, fear and self-delusion to their bare and unadorned source.
		Degeneracy represents 3-Legged Dog's next step in creating processes and tools that allow artists to aspire to and create large scale complex interdisciplinary works of professional quality.
	www.3leggeddog.org /degeneracy.html (583 words)

	Reducing Mass Degeneracy in SAR by MS
		Reducing Mass Degeneracy in SAR by MS Structural Mass Spectrometry: Reducing Mass Degeneracy in SAR by MS Bailey-Kellogg, J.J. Kelley, III, C.
		We have explored the problem of eliminating mass degeneracy in SAR by MS, developing an experiment planning framework that seeks to maximize the information content of an SAR by MS experiment, and an efficient data analysis algorithm that interprets the resulting data.
		We investigated optimal experiment planning, where the objective is to minimize mass degeneracy, and showed that, under fairly natural conditions, a 13C-only variant of this problem is NP-complete.
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~brd/Research/Bio/MS (1618 words)

	Degeneracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Physicists say that the energy levels are degenerate; in particular, the degree of degeneracy of level
		Moralists may abhor degeneracy, but physicists love it, for it adds spice and complexity.
		(Of course, the same may hold for moral degeneracy!) Multi-dimensional eigenspaces furnish room for interesting transformation groups.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/spin/node5.html (78 words)

	Science Partners Science Fair for Grownups: L. Munoz-Franco poster
		Degeneracy pressure occurs for particles called fermions: electrons, protons, neutrons.
		Degeneracy pressure is not originated by using a fuel source.
		Once the WD or NS are supported by degeneracy pressure, the situation is stable.
	astro.uchicago.edu /home/web/lucia/partners/starsdie.html (1424 words)

	Vacuum degeneracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Vacuum degeneracy is analogous to the degeneracy associated with the minimum of a Higgs potential but is much, much, much larger.
		This vacuum degeneracy is perhaps the most important difference between TGD and the competing theories.
		Vacuum degenreacy is expected to imply also the degeneracy of the absolute minima of the K&aumhler action in case that these are constructed as small deformations of the vacuum extremals.
	www.physics.helsinki.fi /~matpitka/vacdeg.html (640 words)

	Alternate Optimal Solutions, Degeneracy, Unboudedness, Infeasibility
		This may come as a surprise, since degeneracy is a frequent occurence.
		Although degeneracy is frequent, cycling is extremely rare.
		Our example of degeneracy is a 2-variable problem, so you might want to draw the constraint set in the plane and interpret degeneracy graphically.
	mat.gsia.cmu.edu /QUANT/NOTES/chap7/node5.html (716 words)

	degeneracy - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Degeneracy : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include degeneracy: degeneracy graph, degeneracy of c, electron degeneracy pressure, quantum degeneracy
		Words similar to degeneracy: corruption, degeneracies, degeneration, depravity, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=degeneracy (235 words)

	H-SHGAPE Essays: Hoganson, The Problem of Male Degeneracy and the Allure of the Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We did, however, receive the following essay from Kristin Hoganson entitled "The Problem of Male Degeneracy and the Allure of the Philippines." It is excerpted from her book _Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars,_ Yale University Press.
		One adherent of imperialism summed up this belief when he averred that "the necessities involved in the unexpected annexation of strange dependencies will call forth the governing faculty."(13) The savage, childlike, and feminine stereotypes enabled imperialists to cast themselves as civilizers and authoritative heads of household -- that is, as men who wielded power.
		See the larger chapter from which this essay is excerpted, "The Problem of Male Degeneracy and the Allure of the Philippines," in Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars, New Haven: Yale University Press, forthcoming, 181-86.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~shgape/hogan.html (1935 words)

	Amazon.com: Toward the New Degeneracy: An Essay (IMM Book Club Injection Molding Management Series): Books: Bruce ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In this book-length essay, written in the tradition of the old-style manifesto, Benderson seeks to restore id to the creative act.
		His perverse yet courageous goal is to invent a "new degeneracy."
		He writes sparklingly clear, true, vivid, visceral, and says what no one else was brave enough to say.
	www.amazon.com /Toward-New-Degeneracy-Injection-Management/dp/0964646633 (728 words)

	Fermion Degeneracy Pressure -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
		Fermion Degeneracy Pressure -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
		This results in a pressure known as degeneracy pressure.
		The most common instance is that of white dwarf stars, which are supported by electron degeneracy pressure.
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /physics/FermionDegeneracyPressure.html (59 words)

	Electron Degeneracy Pressure -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
		Electron degeneracy pressure occurs when electrons are compressed into a very small volume.
		This momentum creates a pressure which is temperature-independent and can result in helium flash
		Electron degeneracy pressure also supports white dwarf stars, and has magnitude
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /physics/ElectronDegeneracyPressure.html (70 words)

	ResearchChannel - Lower Bounds for Linear Degeneracy Testing
		ResearchChannel - Lower Bounds for Linear Degeneracy Testing
		Consider the following fundamental problem, called r-linear-degeneracy-testing (rLDT): Given an input of n real numbers, do any r of them sum up to 0?
		This problem is fundamental in computational geometry as it captures a broad notion of degeneracy, that is, input that satisfies a measure-zero property (not being in 'general position').
	www.researchchannel.org /prog/displayseries.asp?collid=641 (279 words)

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