
	Where results make sense

Topic: Degradative enzyme

	CHEM — 527 Introductory Biochemistry
		Assuming that there was a primordial set of enzymes with dual substrate specificity that synthesized both glutamate and leucine, give at least two good reasons for the evolution of two separate sets of enzymes.
		The biosynthetic enzyme is inhibited by isoleucine and the degradative enzyme is activated by AMP [J. Biol.
		Enzyme bound indole is an intermediate in this reaction and the enzyme has two non-identical subunits.
	www.udel.edu /chem/white/teaching/CHEM527/Prob7b-AAMetab.html (439 words)

	Nucleotide Metabolism
		Clinical manifestations of abnormal purine catabolism arise from the insolubility of the degradation byproduct, uric acid.
		SCID is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme adenosine deaminase (
		This is the enzyme responsible for converting adenosine to inosine in the catabolism of the purines.
	www.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/nucleotide-metabolism.html (3070 words)

	Increased Levels of Catalase and Cathepsin V/L2 but Decreased TIMP-1 in Keratoconus Corneas: Evidence that Oxidative ...
		Expression of degradative enzymes and protease inhibitors in corneas with keratoconus.
		Decreased apoptotic response of inclusion-cell disease fibroblasts: a consequence of lysosomal enzyme missorting?.
		Is the corneal degradation in keratoconus caused by matrix-metalloproteinases?.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/46/3/823 (5537 words)

	[No title]
		Unlike other enzymes in skeletal muscle, the amount of hexokinase enzyme is highly inducible by insulin which serves to regulate the levels of enzyme present in the cell.
		This reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate kinase (PK) enzyme, and is physiologically irreversible.
		The enzymes of the TCA cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix, and their function is to transfer reducing equivalents in the form of hydrogen or electrons to the adjacent enzymes of the respiratory chain, where large amounts of ATP are generated in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Muscle_glucose_metabol.doc (3448 words)

	Meeting the challenge of stability (IVDT archive, May 97)
		The enzyme may be undergoing degradation by a contaminant in the reagent solution--for example, another enzyme such as a protease, glycosidase, or oxidase.
		Enzyme may be adsorbing to the surface of the container in which the product is packaged, or in which it is manufactured.
		An alternative and complementary approach to identifying proteolytic degradation is to employ "broad-spectrum" inhibitors of serine proteases of trypsinlike and chymotrypsinlike specificities, of thiol proteases, and of metalloproteases.
	www.devicelink.com /ivdt/archive/97/05/009.html (5567 words)

	CBMG
		We are also studying enzymes that degrade relatively insoluble complex polysaccharides (CP) that are important in marine biofilms and marine plant and animal symbioses.
		The enzymes were best induced by the homologous substrate and their synthesis was repressed by glucose.
		Based upon the number of its degradative enzyme systems, 2-40 appears to be a versatile saprophyte and a significant participant in the marine carbon cycle.
	www.life.umd.edu /CBMG/faculty/weiner/weiner2.html (1335 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 4, d704-712, October 15, 1999]
		The degradative enzymes originate in synovial cells, cartilage cells, the chondrocytes, distributed within the ECM and leukocytes that actively invade the joint space.
		While the degradative enzymes serve as a focal point for therapeutic intervention, a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms underlying degradative enzyme expression in osteoarthritis remains an important goal for prevention of disease.
		Some forms of the degradative enzymes appear to be selectively changed with respect to disease condition, time in the history of disease or at a particular location on the joint surface.
	www.bioscience.org /1999/v4/d/smith/fulltext.htm (6533 words)

	Endocannabinoid system: FAAH better anxiolytics? - Cell Signaling Update - Signaling Gateway
		Hence there is interest in targeting the principal degradative enzyme for this group of endogenous CB1 receptor agonists, the membrane-bound fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and to this end recently published papers now report the high-resolution crystal structure for FAAH, and a new class of potent and selective FAAH inhibitors.
		The crystallized FAAH variant, despite having the first 29 amino-terminal amino acids deleted, was reported to retain the wild-type enzyme's association with the cell membrane and ability to degrade fatty acid amides.
		The crystal structure reveals a dimeric enzyme, closely related to malonamidase (MAE2), the other enzyme from the amidase signature family for which a structure has been determined and which hydrolyses malonamide in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
	www.signaling-gateway.org /update/updates/200302/nrd1024.html (448 words)

	Annual Report
		A similar mechanism of degradation occurs when soils are treated with organic amendments or a chemical fertilizer, which dramatically increase the degradation rate of soil fumigants.
		For some chemicals/amendments, the increased degradation is largely a result of an increase in the chemical degradation rate; for others, biological degradation induced by the addition of organic amendments is the primary mechanism.
		We propose that the oxidative and reductive radicals produced by the enzyme or fungi may be useful for the biodegradation of some chemicals.
	www.ag.unr.edu /w45/Annual_Report.htm (2105 words)

	Purification and Characterization of an Estrogen-regulated Xenopus Liver Polysomal Nuclease Involved in the Selective ...
		Ross and co-workers (16, 17, 18) have identified a polysomal 3`-5` exonuclease that catalyzes the degradation of histone mRNA in vitro.
		The purified enzyme is a substrate-selective endonuclease which displays many of the properties described earlier (34) for the crude activity extracted from polysomes.
		The overall pattern of degradation was visualized by autoradiography of the dried gel, and RNA decay was quantified using a Molecular Dynamics PhosphorImager.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/11/6108 (10210 words)

	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase Degrades Surfactant Proteins A and D -- Mariencheck et al. 28 (4): 528 -- American ...
		Degradation of SP-A by pooled fractions is shown by loss of immunoreactive SP-A as assessed by Western blot (B).
		Purified elastase degrades purified SP-A and SP-D. Increasing concentrations of purified human SP-A isolated from lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis or purified recombinant rat SP-D isolated by maltose affinity chromatography was incubated for 3 h at 37°C with 60 µg/ml of elastase purified as described in Figure 4.
		Purified recombinant rat SP-D isolated by maltose affinity chromatography was incubated at 37°C with 100 µg/ml of elastase purified as described in Figure 4.
	ajrcmb.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/4/528 (4932 words)

	Method of removing microorganisms from surfaces with Type II endoglycosidase - Patent 5258304
		In this report, treatment with the proteolytic enzymes pronase and trypsin resulted in the release of a portion of the population of adhered bacteria, whereas the cell degradative enzyme lysozyme showed diminished activity compared to the proteolytic enzymes.
		A second enzyme, detergent and/or surfactant may be used in combination with this method to remove the cleaved portion of the microorganism from the surface.
		As used herein, "Type II endoglycosidases" are enzymes which are capable of cleaving linkages at or near the juncture of the protein and carbohydrate units of a glycoprotein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5258304.html (16247 words)

	Better Health
		Ellman has used combinatorial libraries to discover a potent inhibitor of a degradative enzyme, called Cathepsin D, that is implicated in a number of diseases, most notably breast cancer tumor metastasis.
		Bertozzi intends to use the method to target an elusive class of sugar-modifying enzymes, called "sulfotransferases," that are at the heart of chronic inflammation.
		Enzymes are now also helping chemical engineers to overcome a classic challenge in drug production: creating only the active form of a medicinal molecule.
	chemistry.berkeley.edu /Publications/journal/volume4/health.html (2175 words)

	Johns Hopkins Arthritis Provides Information on the Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis
		Under normal conditions, this matrix is subjected to a dynamic remodeling process in which low levels of degradative and synthetic enzyme activities are balanced, such that the volume of cartilage is maintained.
		In OA cartilage, however, matrix degrading enzymes are overexpressed, shifting this balance in favor of net degradation, with resultant loss of collagen and proteoglycans from the matrix (slide).
		The primary enzymes responsible for the degradation of cartilage are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (slide).
	www.hopkins-arthritis.som.jhmi.edu /osteo/osteo_patho.html (1051 words)

	Brown, Mol Vis 2004; 10:281-288.
		Keratoconus corneas have increased degradative enzyme activities but it is also a non-inflammatory disorder that lacks macrophages or other inflammatory cells [36].
		In keratoconus corneas, the action of elements from the nitric oxide pathway [15] may be related to increased activity of degradative enzymes and subsequent stromal thinning.
		Perhaps, as it has been shown that peroxynitrite causes fragmentation of bovine serum albumin[47], degradation and fragmentation of proteins may be a common outcome of peroxynitrite exposure and this leads to altered function.
	www.molvis.org /molvis/v10/a36 (4921 words)

	mRNA Decay in Escherichia coli Comes of Age -- Kushner 184 (17): 4658 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		degrading a secondary structure in the 5' leader region (47).
		Degradation of mRNAs employing RNases E and G for the initial endonucleolytic cleavages.
		Preferential cleavage of degradative intermediates of rpsT mRNA by the Escherichia coli degradosome.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/17/4658 (6610 words)

	Mayo Clinic researchers discover enzyme has potential to stop multiple sclerosis tissue damage
		They found a dramatic increase in a newly discovered degradative enzyme, myelencephalon-specific protease (MSP), in demyelinated tissue, indicating that inhibiting this enzyme could potentially block the process of tissue damage.
		MSP is a multifunctional enzyme, facilitating entry of inflammatory cells into the brain and also contributing to tissue destruction when overexpressed.
		Though researchers are still investigating the precise causes of MS and related CNS diseases, it is thought to be an autoimmune disease resulting from a triggering of the body's own immune system to destroy the myelin sheath covering the nerve fibers.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-05/mc-mcr052202.php (507 words)

	Glossary
		An enzyme whose synthesis is inhibited by a specific metabolite.
		An enzyme encoded by some RNA viruses that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.
		Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step (the addition of CO to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate) of the Calvin cycle.
	www.phschool.com /science/biology_place/glossary/qr.html (1477 words)

	ResearchInterests.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is the major degradative enzyme for biogenic and dietary amines in the brain and peripheral tissues.
		We have just started to examine changes in the levels of this enzymes activity in mice exposed to various mild stressors and behavior paradigms designed to decrease responses to stress.
		Increases in activity are suspected being due to increased synthesis of the enzyme, while decrease activity is due to one or more MAO endogenous inhibitors (MAOIs).
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/balak/research/ResearchInterests.html (1336 words)

	Velcade
		Proteolytic degradation of damaged, oxidized, or misfolded ubiquitinated proteins is a usual role for the proteasome, which also plays a vital role in apoptosis, cell trafficking, and transcription factor activation.
		A number of key proteins are degraded during the cell cycle by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and the ordered degradation is required for the cell to progress through the mitosis.
		PS-341 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the proteasome, which is the final degradative enzyme involved in an important catabolic pathway for many intracellular regulatory proteins, including IkB/NF-kB, p53, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /myeloma/ps_341__ldp_341.htm (1409 words)

	Genetic Characterization and Evolutionary Implications of a car Gene Cluster in the Carbazole Degrader Pseudomonas sp. ...
		enzymes (31), was observed near the central portion of the deduced
		the genes encoding the meta-cleavage enzyme (etbC), the meta-cleavage
		Stereospecific enzymes in the degradation of aromatic compounds by Pseudomonas putida.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/12/3663 (8309 words)

	Characterization of the 450-kb Linear Plasmid in a Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degrader, Rhodococcus sp. Strain RHA1 -- ...
		Characterization of the 450-kb Linear Plasmid in a Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degrader, Rhodococcus sp.
		Structural alteration of linear plasmids encoding the genes for polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in Rhodococcus strain RHA1.
		Characterization of biphenyl catabolic genes of gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader Rhodococcus sp.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/5/2021 (3954 words)

	Noradrenergic transmission
		Things are different in the central nervous system, where a degradative enzyme is pretty important in dealing with noradrenaline.
		Traditionally we have measured urinary VMA to diagnose phaeochromocytoma, but we now know that this is a pretty insensitive test (and thus rely on a combination of clinical suspicion, urinary metanephrines, and possibly blood levels of catecholamines too).
		These (such as propranolol, metoprolol and pindolol) are rapidly metabolised in the liver, mainly by CYP 2D6, although the attendant problems seen with other drugs and this enzyme appear less common with beta blockers, although dose requirements may vary considerably between individuals.
	www.anaesthetist.com /anaes/patient/ans/nadr.htm (4876 words)

	BSCI 424 Pathogenic Microbiology -- Basic Definitions
		Autolysin: autolytic enzyme important in enzymatically catabolizing peptidoglycan in pre-existing cell walls so that new cell wall could be "laid down" during bacterial cell division; also important component in cell lysis and resulting cell death during beta-lactam antibiotic inhibition of cell wall synthesis
		Catalase: an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water
		Streptokinase (fibrinolysin): extracellular enzyme of streptococci that catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin; used clinically to dissolve blood clots (thrombi)
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci424/Definitions.htm (4994 words)

	Neurobiology - Glossary A-E, Blackwell Science
		The degradative enzyme for acetylcholine, which cleaves the ester bond and releases acetate and choline.
		The second messenger, cyclic AMP, is synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase.
		The cells within the blobs have high numbers of mitochondria, which are revealed by staining for the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome oxidase.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /matthews/glossae.html (1931 words)

	Neurobiology Lecture Notes: Small Molecule Transmitters
		As you know, acetylcholine is inactivated by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which cleaves the ester linkage to choline and acetate.
		Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the synthetic enzyme for GABA ; Glycine and glutamate don't appear to have specific enzymes to synthesize them in their neurotransmitter role; they are found in all cells.
		Because ACh was the first transmitter to be intensively investigated, people assumed that termination of activity by a degradative enzyme was the way things worked and they spent a lot of time trying to implicate degradative enzymes in the termination of catecholamine activity.
	www.williams.edu /BIMO/liz2/LEC11.html (1437 words)

	Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A prophage is a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial chromosome.
		Repressible enzymes are enzymes whose synthesis is inhibited by a specific metabolite.
		Restriction enzymes are a degradative enzyme that recognizes and cuts up DNA that is foreign to a cell.
	www.msu.edu /~browerst/ChFourteenVoc.html (303 words)

	Mechanisms of Action
		In turn, this matrix destabilization is brought about by constant exposure to lysosomal glycosidases continually released by the neoplastic cells.
		Finally, ascorbate is involved in the natural restraint of this degradative enzyme activity."12
		Proper collagen formation is an important factor in the encapsulation of tumors or the slowing of metastasis via the development of an almost impermeable barrier (known as the schirrus response).
	www.annieappleseedproject.org /mecofac.html (351 words)

	landrynets
		enzyme in order to avoid being stoichiometrically "depleted" itself as it depleted its
		The application of such a degradative enzyme to the problem of chronic
		The transition state corresponds to a particular configuration of atoms and is thought to resemble the definable species
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/video/landry/read.html (850 words)

	The 64 508 bp IncP-1{beta} antibiotic multiresistance plasmid pB10 isolated from a waste-water treatment plant provides ...
		The organization of the korC–kle region of the degradative plasmid pADP-1 is very similar to the type shown for the resistance plasmid R751.
		Tralau, T., Cook, A. and Ruff, J. Map of the IncP1 beta plasmid pTSA encoding the widespread genes (tsa) for p-toluenesulfonate degradation in Comamonas testosteroni T-2.
		Turner, S. L., Lilley, A. and Bailey, M. Two dnaB genes are associated with the origin of replication of pQBR55, an exogenously isolated plasmid from the rhizosphere of sugar beet.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/11/3139 (6859 words)

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